A report on Tirthankara, Kevala jnana, Jainism and Parshvanatha

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

Image of Tirthankara Parshvanatha (Victoria and Albert Museum, 6th–7th century)

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Parshvanatha was born in Varanasi, a historic city on the Ganges.

Tirthankara images at Siddhachal Caves inside Gwalior Fort.

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Parshvanatha and his yaksha, Dharanendra, in the 8th-century Tamil Nadu Kalugumalai Jain Beds

Auspicious dreams seen by a tirthankara's mother during pregnancy

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

8th-century stone relief of Parshvanatha at Thirakoil

Samavasarana of Tirthankara Rishabha (Ajmer Jain temple)

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

Parshvanatha with Padmavati and Dharnendra in a 16th-century manuscript

Tirthankars of present, previous and next cosmic ages (72 in total)

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

Parshvanatha iconography is identified by a sesha hood above his head and a cobra stamped (or carved) beneath his feet. At the center of his chest is a shrivatsa, which identifies Jain statues.

Jain chaumukha sculpture at LACMA, 6th century

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Parsvanatha ayagapata - Jina Parsvanatha, Mathura art, {{circa|15 CE}}.{{sfn|Quintanilla|2007|p=201}}{{sfn|Quintanilla|2007|p=406}}

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

alt=Stone relief|Uttar Pradesh, 2nd century (Museum of Oriental Art)

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

Parshvanath relief of Kahaum pillar, 5th century

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

alt=Lotus position|5th century (Satna, Madhya Pradesh)

alt=Lotus position|6th century, Uttar Pradesh

alt=Lotus position|7th-century Akota Bronze (Honolulu Museum of Art)

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

6th-7th century bronze statue in Asian Civilisations Museum

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

alt=Lotus position|10th-century copper, inlaid with silver and gemstones (LACMA)

alt=Lotus position|11th century, Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum

alt=Lotus position|Karnataka, 12th century (Art Institute of Chicago)

{{convert|61|ft}} colossal at Navagraha Jain Temple

alt=Outdoor standing statue|Vahelna statue

alt=Standing statue in niche|Parshvanatha basadi, Shravanabelgola

alt=Standing statue|Parshvanatha temple in Halebidu

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

Parshvanatha temple, Khajuraho, UNESCO World Heritage Site

Pattadakal Jain Temple, UNESCO World Heritage Site

Parshavanth temple, Jaisalmer Fort, UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of Hill Forts of Rajasthan

Parshvanatha basadi at Halebidu: tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Site

alt=Godiji Parshwanath (Gori) Temple at Tharparkar - tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage|Godiji (Gori) Temple in Tharparkar - tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage

In Jainism, a Tirthankara (Sanskrit: ; English: literally a 'ford-maker') is a saviour and spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).

- Tirthankara

Kevala gyana (केवल ज्ञान) or Keval gyan means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom.

- Kevala jnana

Parshvanatha, also known as Parshva and Parasnath, was the 23rd of 24 Tirthankaras (ford-makers or propagators of dharma) of Jainism.

- Parshvanatha

Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four Tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago; the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to 9th century BCE; and the twenty-fourth tirthankara, Mahavira around 600 BCE.

- Jainism

After understanding the true nature of the self or soul, the Tīrthaṅkara attains Kevala Jnana (omniscience).

- Tirthankara

History records the existence of Mahavira and his predecessor, Parshvanath, the twenty-third tirthankara.

- Tirthankara

According to both traditions, the last kevalin was a disciple of one of the eleven chief disciples of the last tirthankara, Mahāvīra; his name is recorded as Jambuswami.

- Kevala jnana

In the second Upanga Agama, the Rājapraśnīya, there is a dialogue between Kesi, a disciple of Pārśva, and Payasi, a materialist king.

- Kevala jnana

Some Jain texts add analogy (upamana) as the fourth reliable means, in a manner similar to epistemological theories found in other Indian religions.In Jainism, jnāna (knowledge) is said to be of five kinds – mati jñāna (sensory knowledge), śrutu jñāna (scriptural knowledge), avadhi jñāna (clairvoyance), manah prayāya Jñāna (telepathy) and kevala jnana (omniscience).

- Jainism

Parshvanatha meditated for 84 days before he attained omniscience under a dhaataki tree near Benares.

- Parshvanatha