A report on Sallekhana, Jainism and Western Ganga dynasty

Nishidhi, a 14th-century memorial stone depicting the observance of the vow of Sallekhana with old Kannada inscription. Found at Tavanandi forest, Karnataka, India.

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

An inscription (No.130) in memory of Vinayadevasena who observed Sallekhana. 7th-century Kannada script. Found at Shravanbelgola, Karnataka, India.

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Old Kannada inscription of c. 726 CE, discovered in Talakad, from the rule of King Shivamara I or Sripurusha

Doddahundi nishidhi inscription was raised in honor of Western Ganga King Nitimarga I in 869 CE who observed Sallekhana.

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Ganga Dynasty emblem on a 10th-century copper plate

The chamber for the ascetics to observe Sallekhana at Udayagiri hills, Odisha, India

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

The Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli was an important center of Jainism during the Ganga period.

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

Gangas of Talakad (Western Gangas). Circa 1080-1138 AD

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

A mantapa (hall) at the Jain Panchakuta basadi of 9th–10th century at Kambadahalli

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Gommateshwara at Shravanabelagola (982–983) C.E.

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

Kalleshwara Temple Complex, built in the 10th century by the Nolambas, a Western Ganga feudatory, at Aralaguppe in the Tumkur district

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

Hero stone (870–906 A.D.) with old Kannada inscription at Kalleshvara temple in Aralaguppe

The famous Atakur inscription (949 C.E.), a classical Kannada composition pertaining to the Western Ganga-Rashtrakuta victory over the Chola dynasty of Tanjore in the famous battle of Takkolam

Mahasthambha (pillar) and Chandragupta Basadi at Chandragiri Hill in Shravanabelagola

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

Chandragiri hill temple complex at Shravanabelagola

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

Ceiling sculpture, Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

Chavundaraya basadi on Chandragiri hill in Shravanabelagola temple complex

Old Kannada inscription at the base of Gomateshwara monolith in Shravanabelagola (981 CE.)

The famous Begur inscription in old Kannada, dated to c. 908–938 CE, from the rule of Western Ganga dynasty King Ereyappa.

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

Sallekhana (IAST: ), also known as samlehna, santhara, samadhi-marana or sanyasana-marana, is a supplementary vow to the ethical code of conduct of Jainism.

- Sallekhana

The Western Ganga kings showed benevolent tolerance to all faiths but are most famous for their patronage toward Jainism resulting in the construction of monuments in places such as Shravanabelagola and Kambadahalli.

- Western Ganga dynasty

853 – 869)) of the Western Ganga Dynasty.

- Sallekhana

The Sallekhana (or Santhara) vow is a "religious death" ritual observed at the end of life, historically by Jain monks and nuns, but rare in the modern age.

- Jainism

Ritual death by sallekhana and by jalasamadhi (drowning in water) were also practiced.

- Western Ganga dynasty

A monolithic, 18 m statue of Bahubali, Gommateshvara, built in 981 CE by the Ganga minister and commander Chavundaraya, is situated on a hilltop in Shravanabelagola in Karnataka.

- Jainism

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Rashtrakuta dynasty

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Rashtrakuta (IAST: ) (r.

Kashivishvanatha temple at Pattadakal, Karnataka

Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal, Karnataka

A stanza from the 9th century Kannada classic Kavirajamarga, praising the people for their literary skills

Kailasa temple, is one of the largest rock-cut ancient Hindu temples located in Ellora.

The early kings of this dynasty were influenced by Hinduism and the later kings by Jainism.

Amoghavarsha I made peace with the Western Ganga dynasty by giving them his two daughters in marriage, and then defeated the invading Eastern Chalukyas at Vingavalli and assumed the title Viranarayana.

Indra IV, the last emperor, committed Sallekhana (fasting unto death practised by Jain monks) at Shravanabelagola.