A report on Jainism and Saraswati

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Images of the goddess Saraswati may be found not only in the temples of India, but also in those of Southeast Asia, the islands of Indonesia, China and Japan. In Japan, she is known as Benzaiten (shown), and is traditionally depicted playing a biwa, in keeping with her status as a deity of music, knowledge and all that flows.

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Dancing Sarasvati with eight-hands (above) is depicted in three panels of the Hoysaleswara temple, Halebid Karnataka (c. 1150 CE). One of these is shown above. She is in a classical Indian dance posture, and in one of her eight hands she holds a pen, a palm leaf manuscript, a musical instrument and the tools of major arts. The shilpins thus depicted her as the goddess of knowledge and all arts.

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

A carved idol of the crowned goddess Sharada from late-9th century Kashmir.

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

Saraswati Puja at Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School, Kolkata, West Bengal

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

Statues of Chinese Buddhist gods, with Saraswati in the centre, at Jade Buddha Temple in Shanghai, China

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Statue of Thurathadi at Kyauktawgyi Buddha Temple (Yangon)

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

Saraswati in an 18th-century C.E. Tibetan artwork, holding a stick zither.

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

The goddess is also revered by believers of the Jain religion of west and central India, as well as some Buddhist sects.

- Saraswati

The basic ritual is darsana (seeing) of deva, which includes Jina, or other yaksas, gods and goddesses such as Brahmadeva, 52 Viras, Padmavati, Ambika and 16 Vidyadevis (including Sarasvati and Lakshmi).

- Jainism

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Lakshmi

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One of the principal goddesses in Hinduism.

A painting of Lakshmi on the inner walls of the Tanjore Big temple.

Bas relief of GajaLakshmi at the Buddhist Sanchi Stupa, Stupa I, North gateway, Satavahana dynasty sculpture, 1st century CE.

Sculpture of Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi at Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu

An early 20th-century painting depicting Vishnu resting on Ananta-Shesha, with Lakshmi massaging his feet.

A painting depicting Samudra Manthan, with Lakshmi emerging with the lotus in her hands.

Diwali celebrations include puja (prayers) to Lakshmi and Ganesha. Lakshmi is of the Vaishnavism tradition, while Ganesha of the Shaivism tradition of Hinduism.

Lakshmi Devi idol in Sanctum of temple at Doddagaddavalli, in Hassan District, Karnataka India.

Shri Lakshmi lustrated by elephants, Uttar Pradesh, Kausambi, 1st century BCE.

Greek-influenced statue of Gaja Lakshmi, holding lotus and cornucopia, flanked by two elephants and two lions. From Kashmir, 6th century CE.

Gaja Lakshmi at Shravanabelagola Temple, Karnataka.

The Japanese Kishijoten is adapted from Lakshmi.

Lord Vishnu with his head on the lap of the Goddess Andal

Self emerged idol of goddess Lakshmi with Srinivasa in Kallur Mahalakshmi temple [Second Kolhapur]

Mahalaxmi temple Sulebhavi., Local form of goddess lakshmi

Along with Parvati and Saraswati, she forms the Tridevi of Hindu goddesses.

Lakshmi is also an important deity in Jainism and found in Jain temples.

Mantra

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Sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words in Sanskrit, Pali and other languages believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers.

Om Mani Padme Hum, a Buddhist Mantra written in Tibetan Script with Mandala Style

Mantras written on a rock near Namche Bazaar Nepal

Mantra of the Hare Krishna bhakti school of Hinduism

Om mani padme hum on the Gangpori (photo 1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet.

Hare Krishna devotees in Amsterdam carrying a poster with the Hare Krishna Mantra

Japanese Mandala of the Mantra of Light, an important mantra of the Shingon and Kegon sects

A Japanese depiction of the Amida Triad as Seed Syllables (in Siddham Script). Visualizing deities in the form of seed mantras is a common Vajrayana meditation. In Shingon, one of the most common practices is Ajikan (阿字觀), meditating on the mantric syllable A.

The mantra of Padmasambhava (Om Āḥ Hūṁ Vajra Guru Padma Siddhi Hūṁ), in Lanydza (Ranjana) and Tibetan script.

The use, structure, function, importance, and types of mantras vary according to the school and philosophy of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

The concept of mantras in Jainism mainly deals with seeking forgiveness, praising Arihants, or deities like Nakoda, Padmavati, Manibhadra, Saraswati, Lakshmi, and others.

Bihar

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State in eastern India.

(Sitting L to R): Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha during Mahatma Gandhi's 1917 Champaran Satyagraha

Kathak classical dance form, from Bhojpur region

Patna river port on national inland waterways-1 at Gai Ghat

Front view of administrative building of IIT Patna

Common scenes illustrate deities and Saraswati from ancient epics, celestial objects, and religious plants like Tulsi, and scenes from the royal court and social events.

Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism, was born in Vaishali around the 6th century BC. Śrāddha ritual performed in Pitru Paksha period considered as fruitful in the holy city of Gaya, which is seen as a special place to perform the rite, and hosts a fair during the Pitri Paksha period.