Jainism and Related Topics

Mantra

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Sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words in Sanskrit, Pali and other languages believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers.

Om Mani Padme Hum, a Buddhist Mantra written in Tibetan Script with Mandala Style

Mantras written on a rock near Namche Bazaar Nepal

Mantra of the Hare Krishna bhakti school of Hinduism

Om mani padme hum on the Gangpori (photo 1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet.

Hare Krishna devotees in Amsterdam carrying a poster with the Hare Krishna Mantra

Japanese Mandala of the Mantra of Light, an important mantra of the Shingon and Kegon sects

A Japanese depiction of the Amida Triad as Seed Syllables (in Siddham Script). Visualizing deities in the form of seed mantras is a common Vajrayana meditation. In Shingon, one of the most common practices is Ajikan (阿字觀), meditating on the mantric syllable A.

The mantra of Padmasambhava (Om Āḥ Hūṁ Vajra Guru Padma Siddhi Hūṁ), in Lanydza (Ranjana) and Tibetan script.

The use, structure, function, importance, and types of mantras vary according to the school and philosophy of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

Non-possession

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Philosophy that holds that no one or anything possesses anything.

ln Jainism, aparigraha is the virtue of non-possessiveness, non-grasping or non-greediness.

Broad classification of Karmas as per Jain philosophy

Karma in Jainism

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The soul travels to any one of the four states of existence after the death depending on its karmas

The common representation of the mango tree and men analogy of the lesyas.

Representation of a soul undergoing reincarnation.

Karma as moral action and reaction: goodness sown is reaped as goodness.

Karma is the basic principle within an overarching psycho-cosmology in Jainism.

An image of Ambika in Cave 34 of the Ellora Caves

In Jainism, Ambika (अम्बिका, ଅମ୍ବିକା "Mother") or Ambika Devi (अम्बिका देवी "the Goddess-Mother") is the Yakshini "dedicated attendant deity" or "protector goddess" of the 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha.

Brahmacharya

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Concept within Indian religions that literally means to stay in conduct within one's own Self.

In Yoga, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism it generally refers to a lifestyle characterized by sexual continence or complete abstinence.

Kevala jnana

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Kevala gyana (केवल ज्ञान) or Keval gyan means omniscience in Jainism and is roughly translated as complete understanding or supreme wisdom.

The 65 ft high Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka, India, was built in 983 A.D.

Bahubali

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Sculpture depicting Bahubali's meditation in Kayotsarga posture with vines enveloped around his body (Photo: Badami caves)

Bahubali monolith of Gommatagiri, Mysore

28 ft-high monolith of Bahubali at Kumbhoj

Bahubali, Metropolitan Museum of Art (6th CE)

Miniature version of the Gommateshwara statue at Shravanabelagola

Bahubali statue at YSR state Archaeology Museum, Hyderabad, 12th century

{{convert|31|ft|m|adj=on|abbr=out}} statue of Bahubali at Bada Gaon

Gomateshwara at Kalugumalai Jain Beds, 8th century

Bahubali at Andimalai Caves, 10th century

Bahubali (One With Strong Arms), a much revered figure among Jains, was the son of Rishabdev (the first tirthankara of Jainism) and the brother of Bharata Chakravartin.

Shravanabelagola

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Town located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka and is 144 km from Bengaluru.

The pond in the middle of the town, after which it is named, Beḷagoḷa “White Pond”

Statue of Emperor Bharata Chakravartin, after whom India was named Bharatvarsha.

Mahamastakabhisheka of Gommateshwara statue

The tableau of Karnataka depicting Mahamastabhisheka of Lord Gommateshwara, during the Republic Day Parade in 2005

The Gommateshwara Bahubali statue at Shravanabelagola is one of the most important tirthas (pilgrimage destinations) in Jainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage of Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad.

Bihar

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State in eastern India.

(Sitting L to R): Rajendra Prasad and Anugrah Narayan Sinha during Mahatma Gandhi's 1917 Champaran Satyagraha

Kathak classical dance form, from Bhojpur region

Patna river port on national inland waterways-1 at Gai Ghat

Front view of administrative building of IIT Patna

Mahavira, the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism, was born in Vaishali around the 6th century BC. Śrāddha ritual performed in Pitru Paksha period considered as fruitful in the holy city of Gaya, which is seen as a special place to perform the rite, and hosts a fair during the Pitri Paksha period.