A report on Jainism

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism

Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)

Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850

Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant

A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering

Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka

Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali

Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.

Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City

The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)

A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.

Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.

The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.

Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka

Ancient Indian religion.

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Vardhaman Mahavir image at Keelakuyilkudi, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Mahavir Janma Kalyanak

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Sixteen auspicious dreams seen by the mother of all Tirthankara

Mahavir Janma Kalyanak is one of the most important religious festivals in Jainism.

Pawapuri where Mahavira attained Niravana

Diwali (Jainism)

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Diwali has a very special significance in Jainism.

Depiction of the concept of soul (in transmigration) in Jainism. Golden color represents nokarma – the quasi-karmic matter, Cyan color depicts dravya karma– the subtle karmic matter, orange represents the bhav karma– the psycho-physical karmic matter and White depicts sudhatma, the pure consciousness.

Jīva (Jainism)

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Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (Transmigrating Souls) as per Jainism.

Jīva (जीव) or Atman (आत्मन्) is a philosophical term used within Jainism to identify the soul.

Jainism in India

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District wise Jain population percentage India census 2011

Jainism is India's sixth-largest religion and is practiced throughout India.

Statue of Matrikas found near Agam Kuan, built by Ashoka.

The Buddhist, Hindu and Jain pilgrimage centres of Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City is a sacred city for Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh was born here.

Jainism in the United States

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Poster announcing lecture by Virchand Gandhi

From left to right: Virchand Gandhi, Hewivitarne Dharmapala, Swami Vivekananda, and (possibly) G. Bonet Maury

Main shrine at Siddhachalam Jain center, New Jersey

Jain temple in Monroeville, Pennsylvania

Jain Center of Central Ohio in Columbus, Ohio

Jain Center of America in New York City with images of Tirthankaras.

Manastambha at Jain Center of Greater Phoenix

Rishabhantha idol at Jain Center of Greater Phoenix

Lord Mahaviraswami idol at Jain Center of Greater Phoenix

Lord Adinatha at Franklin Township derasar

Idol of devi at Franklin Township Derasar

Namokar Mantra at Terapanti shrine of Franklin Township Derasar

Adherents of Jainism first arrived in the United States in the 20th century.

Namokar Mantra

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Hathigumpha inscription by King Khāravela at Udayagiri Hills

Obeisance to Pañca-Parameṣṭhi (five supreme beings)

The Ṇamōkāra mantra or Navkar Mantra is the most significant mantra in Jainism, and one of the oldest mantras in continuous practice.

Avasarpiṇī

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Jaina units of time on a logarithmic scale

Avasarpiṇī is the descending half of the cosmic time cycle in Jainism and the one in which the world is said to be at present.

A one anna commemorative coin issued by the British Indian government depicting Lord Rishabhanatha, accepting sugarcane juice from King Shreyans

Akshaya Tritiya

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Yamunotri Temple and Gangotri Temple are opened on the auspicious occasion of Akshaya Tritiya.

Akshaya Tritiya, also known as Akti or Akha Teej,is an annual Hindu and Jain spring festival.

Rama

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Major deity in Hinduism.

Gold carving depiction of the legendary Ayodhya at the Ajmer Jain temple

Rama is portrayed in Hindu arts and texts as a compassionate person who cares for all living beings.

The Rama story is carved into stone as an 8th-century relief artwork in the largest Shiva temple of the Ellora Caves, suggesting its importance to the Indian society by then.

1870 painting on mica entitled, Incarnation of Vishnu

Rama (left third from top) depicted in the Dashavatara (ten incornations) of Vishnu. Painting from Jaipur, now at the Victoria and Albert Museum.

Rama (Yama) and Sita (Thida) in Yama Zatdaw, the Burmese version of the Ramayana

A 5th century terracotta sculpture depicting Rama

In Northern, Central and Western states of India, the Ramlila play is enacted during Navratri by rural artists (above).

Rama's story is a major part of the artistic reliefs found at Angkor Wat, Cambodia. Large sequences of Ramayana reliefs are also found in Java, Indonesia.

The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hampi monuments in Karnataka, built by the Vijayanagara Empire, includes a major Rama temple. Its numerous wall reliefs tell the life story of Rama.

Rama Temple at Ramtek (10th century, restored). A medieval inscription here calls Rama as Advaitavadaprabhu or "Lord of the Advaita doctrine".

Rama, along with his younger brother Lakshmana and wife Sita, exiled to the forest.

Ravana's sister Suparnakha attempts to seduce Rama and cheat on Sita. He refuses and spurns her (above).

Ravana kidnapping Sita while Jatayu on the left tried to help her. 9th-century Prambanan bas-relief, Java, Indonesia.

Rama legends are also found in the texts of Jainism and Buddhism, though he is sometimes called Pauma or Padma in these texts, and their details vary significantly from the Hindu versions.