A report on Jainism

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).
Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism
Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)
Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850
Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant
A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering
Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka
Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali
Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.
Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City
The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)
Shikharji
Idol of Suparśvanātha
A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.
Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.
The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.
Ranakpur Jain Temple
Dilwara Temples
Parshvanath Temple in Khajuraho
Girnar Jain temples
Jal Mandir, Pawapuri
Lodhurva Jain temple
Palitana temples
Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka
Jain temple, Antwerp, Belgium
Brahma Jinalaya, Lakkundi
Hutheesing Jain Temple

Ancient Indian religion.

- Jainism
The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

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Das Lakshana (Paryusana) celebrations, Jain Center of America, New York City.

Jain festivals

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Jain festivals occur on designated days of the year.

Jain festivals occur on designated days of the year.

Das Lakshana (Paryusana) celebrations, Jain Center of America, New York City.
Om Hrim Siddhi Chakra used by Jains in dravya puja
Gommateshvara Bahubali, Mahamastakabhisheka festival, 2006
King Shreyansa giving ahara to Rishabha

There are many religious festivals in Jainism.

Four Vedas

Vedas

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The Vedas (,, वेदः) are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.

The Vedas (,, वेदः) are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.

Four Vedas
The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the Atharvaveda.
Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari
A page from the Taittiriya Samhita, a layer of text within the Yajurveda

Other śramaṇa traditions, such as Charvaka, Ajivika, Buddhism and Jainism, which did not regard the Vedas as authorities, are referred to as "heterodox" or "non-orthodox" (nāstika) schools.

The Jain symbol that was agreed upon by all Jain sects in 1974.

Jainism in Europe

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The Jain symbol that was agreed upon by all Jain sects in 1974.
Jain temple in Antwerp, Belgium
Jain Temple, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire
Jain Centre in Oxford Street, Leicester
Oshwal Mahajanwadi, Croydon
Jain temple in Laarstraat, Antwerp
Jain temple in Laarstraat, Antwerp
Jain temple in Laarstraat, Antwerp
Jain temple in Laarstraat, Antwerp
Jain temple in Laarstraat, Antwerp
Jain Temple, Pottersbar, Hertfordshire

The credit for introducing Jainism to the West goes to a German scholar, Hermann Jacobi, who translated some Jain literature and published it in the series 'Sacred Books of East' in 1884.

Pudgala

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In Jainism, Pudgala (or ) is one of the six Dravyas, or aspects of reality that fabricate the world we live in.

Adinath Digambar Jain Temple in Brampton, Ontario

Jainism in Canada

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Adinath Digambar Jain Temple in Brampton, Ontario
Adinath Digambar Jain Temple in Brampton, Ontario

Adherents of Jainism first settled in Canada in small numbers in the late 19th century.

Kubera, the God of Riches, LACMA

Yaksha

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The yakshas (यक्ष yakṣa; yakkha) are a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness.

The yakshas (यक्ष yakṣa; yakkha) are a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness.

Kubera, the God of Riches, LACMA
Painting of Āṭavaka, a yaksha who challenged the Buddha
A yaksha as a gate guardian (dvarapala) at Plaosan temple in Indonesia
'Digambara Yaksha Sarvahna', Norton Simon Museum, c. 900 CE
Yaksha and yakshini couple Sarvānubhūti and Kuṣmāṇḍinī, with the Tirthankaras
Face of the yakṣa Thotsakhirithon (ทศคีรีธร) at Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok
Yaksha couple standing on lotus leaves, the male (sic) holding a lotus bud and posed in shalabhanjika
Dvarapala Yaksha made of basalt. Statue found in Buddhist cave (Pitalkhora) and dates to 2nd century CE. On display in the Prince of Wales Museum.
Mudgarpani Yaksha, 2nd century BCE, Bharnakalan, Mathura Museum.
Vidisha Yaksha, 2nd century BCE, Vidisha Museum.
Gomedh and Ambika at Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum, 11th century

They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist texts, as well as ancient and medieval era temples of South Asia and Southeast Asia as guardian deities.

Dravya

Ajiva

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Anything that has no soul or life, the polar opposite of "jīva" (soul).

Anything that has no soul or life, the polar opposite of "jīva" (soul).

Dravya

In Jainism, there are five categories which ajīva can be placed into.

The famous mahasiddha Virūpa, 16th century

Siddha

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Term that is used widely in Indian religions and culture.

Term that is used widely in Indian religions and culture.

The famous mahasiddha Virūpa, 16th century
Although the siddhas (the liberated beings) are formless and without a body, this is how the Jain temples often depict them.
Siddhashila (the realm of the liberated beings) according to Jain cosmology

In Jainism, the term is used to refer to the liberated souls.

Representation of the Universe in Jain cosmology in form of a lokapurusa or cosmic man.

Jainism and non-creationism

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Representation of the Universe in Jain cosmology in form of a lokapurusa or cosmic man.
Structure of Universe as per the Jain Scriptures.
Jain Cosmic Wheel of Time
Although the siddhas (the liberated beings) are formless and without a body, this is how the Jain temples often depict the siddhas.
Siddhashila as per the Jain cosmology

According to Jain doctrine, the universe and its constituents—soul, matter, space, time, and principles of motion—have always existed.

Along the Ghats of Mathura (circa 1880)

Mathura

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City and the administrative headquarters of Mathura district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

City and the administrative headquarters of Mathura district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Along the Ghats of Mathura (circa 1880)
General view of the excavations in January 1889 at Kankali Tila, Mathura
Gate of Shet Lukhmeechund's Temple, a photo by Eugene Clutterbuck Impey, 1860s.
Statue of Kanishka I, second century CE, Mathura Museum.
Sculpture of woman from ancient Braj-Mathura ca. second century CE.
Entrance to the Shri Krishna Janmabhoomi temple complex.

Excavations at the site revealed pottery and terracotta dating to the sixth century BCE, the remains of a large Buddhist complex, including a monastery called Yasha Vihara of the Gupta period, as well as Jain sculptures of the same era.