Jamaica

Henry Morgan was a famous Caribbean pirate, privateer, plantation owner and slaveholder; he had first come to the West Indies as an indentured servant, like most of the early English colonists.

A plantation set alight during the Baptist War of 1831–32

Marcus Garvey, father of the Back to Africa Movement and Jamaica's first National Hero

Michael Manley, Prime Minister 1972–1980 and 1989–1992

Jamaican soldiers training to fire the L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle in 2002

Köppen climate classification of Jamaica.

Jamaica's national bird, a red-billed streamertail

Montego Bay, Jamaica's second-largest city

Northern suburbs of Kingston, Jamaica's capital and largest city

Mandeville Church (est. 1816), an Anglican church in Manchester Parish. Christianity is the largest religion in Jamaica.

A historic Ashura celebration in Jamaica, which is known locally as Hussay or Hosay

Bob Marley, one of the most famous reggae artists from Jamaica

Jamaica motto on a building at Papine High School in Kingston, Jamaica

Usain Bolt is one of the most prominent sprinters in the world.

A beach in Negril with a hotel and restaurant

A proportional representation of Jamaica exports, 2019

Real GDP per capita development since 1820

A US Airways aircraft landing at Montego Bay (2013)

Jamaica electricity production by source

Island country situated in the Caribbean Sea.

- Jamaica

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Jamaicans

Jamaicans are the citizens of Jamaica and their descendants in the Jamaican diaspora.

Kingston, Jamaica

Bird's eye view of Kingston after the 1907 earthquake

View of the central Kingston waterfront showing the Bank of Nova Scotia and the Bank of Jamaica

Photo of Kingston taken from the International Space Station

Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island.

Rastafari

Haile Selassie, the Emperor of Ethiopia between 1930 and 1974. He is of central importance to Rastas, many of whom regard him as the Second Coming of Jesus and thus God incarnate in human form.

The eastern African nation of Ethiopia is given great prominence in Rasta doctrine.

A map of Ethiopia, the "Zion" of the Rastas

A Rasta in Barbados, wearing a rastacap decorated in the Rastafari colours: green, gold, red and black

The Rasta Shop, a store selling items associated with Rastafari in the U.S. state of Oregon

A group of Rastas in Liberia celebrating Marcus Garvey's birthday

A flowering cannabis plant; the smoking of which is considered a Biblically sanctioned sacrament by Rastas

Rastas regularly use the three colours of the Ethiopian flag for their movement, although they often add black to this tricolour, symbolising the black skin of the African people

An ital breakfast; ackee, plantain, boiled food, breadfruit, and mango-pineapple juice

A man with dreadlocks in São Paulo, Brazil

A Rasta man wearing a rastacap in Jamaica

Marcus Garvey, a prominent black nationalist theorist who heavily influenced Rastafari and is regarded as a prophet by many Rastas

Emperor Haile Selassie in 1942, a year after he re-took control of Ethiopia

Reggae musician Bob Marley did much to raise international awareness of the Rastafari movement in the 1970s.

A stylised Rastafari motif, depicting the Lion of Judah

The headquarters of the Twelve Tribes of Israel group in Shashemene, Ethiopia

A Rasta street vendor in South Africa's Eastern Cape

The English Rasta Benjamin Zephaniah is a well-known poet.

Rastafari, sometimes called Rastafarianism, is a religion that developed in Jamaica during the 1930s.

Abolitionism in the United Kingdom

The movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries to end the practice of slavery, whether formal or informal, in the United Kingdom, the British Empire and the world, including ending the Atlantic slave trade.

1787 Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion designed by Josiah Wedgwood for the British anti-slavery campaign

Title page of a published lecture against slavery by Joseph Ivimey

Ignatius Sancho (c1729–1780), an escaped slave, gained fame in his time as a man of letters. An active 18th-century British abolitionist and anti-racism campaigner, as "the extraordinary Negro", he also became a symbol of the humanity of Africans. He sold rum, sugar, and tobacco; goods mostly produced by slaves.

William Wilberforce (1759–1833), politician and philanthropist who was a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade.

Olaudah Equiano (c.1745–1797) was one of the most prominent Africans involved in the British debate for the abolition of the slave trade.

Blake's "A Negro Hung Alive by the Ribs to a Gallows", an illustration to J. G. Stedman's Narrative, of a Five Years' Expedition, against the Revolted Negroes of Surinam (1796).

Plate to commemorate the abolition of the slave trade in 1807.

illustration from the book: The Black Man's Lament, or, how to make sugar by Amelia Opie. (London, 1826)

"To the Friends of Negro Emancipation", an engraving in the West Indies, celebrating the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833.

A poster advertising a special chapel service in celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in 1838

"The Anti-Slavery Society Convention, 1840" by Benjamin Haydon (1841).

Somersett had escaped and his master, Charles Steuart, had him captured and imprisoned on board a ship, intending to ship him to Jamaica to be resold into slavery.

Reggae

Peter Tosh with Robbie Shakespeare, 1978

Tanya Stephens in 2014 at a German Reggae festival

Skank guitar rhythm often considered "'the' reggae beat" or.

In this typical reggae bass line, the roots of the chords are emphasized, with musical interest created by going from the root down to the fifth of the chord. A dotted quarter note and eighth note rhythm is used repeatedly.

UB40's former frontman Ali Campbell performing in 2009.

Toots and the Maytals performing at the 2017 Coachella festival

Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s.

Ska

Quarter note "skank" guitar rhythm, named onomatopoetically for its sound.

The Uptones, which are from Berkeley, California, formed in 1981.

The Mighty Mighty Bosstones in their typical plaid outfits.

Desorden Publico, which are from Caracas, Venezuela formed in 1985.

Ska is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.

English-speaking world

Official language .Anglosphere countries are those where English is the main native language.

English-speaking peoples monument in London

Besides the major varieties of English, such as American English, British English, Canadian English, Australian English, Irish English, New Zealand English, and their sub-varieties, countries such as South Africa, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago also have millions of native speakers of dialect continua ranging from English-based creole languages to Standard English.