James J. Archer and Related Topics

A. P. Hill

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Confederate general who was killed in the American Civil War.

Portrait of Hill by William Ludwell Sheppard, 1898

After the battle one of his brigade commanders, Brig. Gen. James J. Archer, criticized him about the gap left in the division's front line, saying that Hill had been warned about it before the battle but had done nothing to correct it.

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1861–1865

Battle of Gettysburg

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Fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

This 1863 oval-shaped map depicts the Gettysburg Battlefield during July 1–3, 1863, showing troop and artillery positions and movements, relief hachures, drainage, roads, railroads, and houses with the names of residents at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg.

This November 1862 Harper's Magazine illustration shows Confiderate Army troops escorting captured African American civilians south into slavery. En route to Gettysburg, the Army of Northern Virginia kidnapped approximately 40 black civilians and sent them south into slavery.

Overview map of the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Marker commemorating the first shot fired at the Battle of Gettysburg at 7:30 am on July 1, 1863 by Lt. Marcellus Jones

Robert E. Lee's plan for July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Overview map of the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863

Union Army breastworks on Culp's Hill, 1863

Overview map of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863

The high water mark on Cemetery Ridge with the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument commemorating the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment at right and the Copse of Trees to the left, August 2005

"The Harvest of Death": Union dead on the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, photographed July 5 or July 6, 1863, by Timothy H. O'Sullivan

John L. Burns, veteran of the War of 1812, civilian who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg with Union troops, standing with bayoneted musket. Mathew Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries, photographer. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Gettysburg Campaign (July 5 – July 14, 1863)

On November 19, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, considered one of the best-known speeches in American history. A crowd of citizens and soldiers surround Lincoln (with a red arrow pointing to his location in photo)

The 1936 Battle of Gettysburg half dollar

Gettysburg Centennial Commemorative issue of 1963

Gettysburg Campaign (through July 3) with cavalry movements shown with dashed lines Confederate
Union

Heth's division advanced with two brigades forward, commanded by brigadier generals James J. Archer and Joseph R. Davis.

Second Battle of Bull Run

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Fought August 28–30, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War.

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill (brigades of Brig Gen. Lawrence O. Branch, Brig Gen. William D. Pender, Col. Edward L. Thomas, Brig Gen. Maxcy Gregg, Brig Gen. James J. Archer, Brig Gen. Charles W. Field and Lt. Col. R. Lindsay Walker)

George B. McClellan and Robert E. Lee, respective commanders of the Union and Confederate armies in the Seven Days

Seven Days Battles

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The Seven Days Battles were a series of seven battles over seven days from June 25 to July 1, 1862, near Richmond, Virginia, during the American Civil War.

Seven Days Battles: map of events (left side)

Map of Southeastern Virginia (additional map)

<center>Brig. Gen. Edwin V. Sumner</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Erasmus D. Keyes</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Fitz John Porter</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. William B. Franklin</center>

<center>Brig. Gen. Philip St. George Cooke</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. James Longstreet</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. Benjamin Huger</center>

<center>Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes</center>

Map of events during the Peninsula campaign to the Battle of Seven Pines
Confederate
Union

Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill's "Light Division" (which was so named because it traveled light and was able to maneuver and strike quickly) consisted of the brigades of Brig. Gens. Charles W. Field, Maxcy Gregg, Joseph R. Anderson, Lawrence O'Bryan Branch, James J. Archer, and William Dorsey Pender.

Iron Brigade

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Infantry brigade in the Union Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War.

Union Army soldiers in the 7th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company I, of the Iron Brigade, in Virginia, 1862

Rufus King, the founder and original commander of the Wisconsin Iron Brigade

John Gibbon, the commander of the combined three-state Western Iron Brigade

The black wool hardee hat was most famously worn and easily identified as the hat worn by the Union Army's "Iron Brigade of the West", which became their trademark. They were popularly known by the nickname "The Black Hats".

Union Army soldiers, from the 2nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Company C, of the Iron Brigade, wearing a mix of blue and gray uniforms and the distinctive hardee hats. The state militia uniforms were eventually replaced to avoid being mistaken as Confederate soldiers. From a rare, degraded, tintype photograph, circa 1861.

24th Michigan Monument, Gettysburg National Military Park

The Iron Brigade prepared for battle, at Gettysburg, by anchoring the Union Army's southern flank, 10:00–10:45 a.m., on Day 1.

Death of General John F. Reynolds as he supervised the deployment of the Iron Brigade early on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

It repulsed the first Confederate offensive through Herbst's Woods, capturing much of Brig. Gen. James J. Archer's brigade, and Archer himself.

Regimental flag of the Fifth Texas Infantry

5th Texas Infantry Regiment

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Unit of Confederate States Army infantry volunteers created in 1861 that fought in the Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War.

James J. Archer was the regiment's first colonel

Robertson's Brigade marker at Gettysburg National Military Park shows where its attack was launched.

Colonel James J. Archer was the unit's first commanding officer.

Battle of Fredericksburg

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Fought December 11–15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.

A piece of artillery forming part of "Longstreet's Line" on Marye's Heights during the Battle of Fredericksburg

Fredericksburg campaign, situation November 19, 1862 and movements since October 10

Skinkers Neck on the Rappanhannock below Fredericksburg, VA, 1862 sketch by Alfred Waud

Overview of the battle, December 13, 1862

Part of Franklin's "Left Grand Division" charges across the railroad

Attack on the Rebel Works, 1862 sketch by Alfred Waud

Sumner's assault, 1:00 p.m., December 13, 1862. The sequence of Union division attacks was French (II Corps), Hancock (II), Howard (II), and Sturgis (IX).

Hooker's assault, 3:30 p.m., December 13, 1862. The sequence of Union division attacks was Griffin (V Corps), Humphreys (V), and Getty (IX).

The Confederate troops behind the stone wall

The sunken road at Marye's Heights in 2010. Approximately 3,000 Georgians under Thomas R. R. Cobb were lined up in multiple ranks behind the stone wall, and another 3,000 were atop the slope behind it, along with their artillery.

Genl. Humphreys charging at the head of his division after sunset of Dec 13, 1862 sketch by Alfred Waud

Here is the only known instance in which the Union photographers succeeded in getting a near view of the Confederate troops. Mathew Brady's photo shows the other bank of Rappahannock after General Lee allowed Federal troops to collect bodies of fallen soldiers.

Civil War Trust President Jim Lighthizer at Slaughter Pen Farm

Union Army pontoon boats mobilized for deployment

Model of a portion of the pontoon bridge built for the film Gods and Generals, displayed at the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park

Barksdale's Mississippi brigade fires at the Union engineers

Overview of the battle, December 13, 1862 (additional map 1)

Overview of the battle, December 13, 1862 (additional map 2)

Western view from Fredericksburg down Telegraph Road with Marye's Heights visible in the distant center

Marye's House upon Marye's Heights was the center of the Confederate position during the battle. Confederate troop encampments are visible to the right

Burnside's headquarters at Phillips House during the battle

Sumner's headquarters, Chatham Manor, on Stafford Heights; Burnside observed the battle primarily from this location

Initial movements in the Fredericksburg campaign
Confederate
Union

James H. Lane and James J. Archer.

Battle of Chancellorsville

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Major battle of the American Civil War , and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign.

Troops crossing the Rapidan at Germanna Ford

Battle of Chancellorsville, Situation Late 30 April 1863 and Movements since 27 April

Troops on Hooker's right cross the Rappahannock

Battle of Chancellorsville, 1 May 1863 (Situation at Dark)

Battle of Chancellorsville, 2 May 1863 (Situation at 1800)

The ruins of Catharine Furnace photographed in 2011

The site of "Keenan's Charge" [8th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment] 2 May 1863

Dowdall's Tavern was Union General Oliver O. Howard's headquarters until he was surprised and driven out by Stonewall Jackson's Confederate troops on May 2.

Wilderness Church at Chancellorsville was the center of a stand made by Union general Schurz's division during Stonewall Jackson's surprise flank attack.

Ruins of the Chancellor House which was the headquarters of Federal General Joseph Hooker of the Army of the Potomac during the battle, later burned, May 1863

The XI Corps routs before Jackson's evening dinner time surprise attack

XII Corps artillery halts Jackson's surprise attack

Lower right photograph of trees shattered by artillery shells near where Jackson was shot on the Orange Plank Road.

Chancellorsville, actions on May 3, dawn to 10 a.m.

Battle of Chancellorsville, 3 May 1863 (Situation Early)

Soldiers of the VI Corps, Army of the Potomac, in trenches before storming Marye's Heights at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg during the Chancellorsville campaign, Virginia, May 1863. This photograph (Library of Congress #B-157) is sometimes mistakenly labeled as taken at the 1864 Siege of Petersburg, Virginia.

Chancellorsville, actions on May 3, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., including the Second Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Salem Church

Chancellorsville Campaign, 3 May 1863 (Battle of Salem Church: Situation at 1600)

Confederate dead behind the stone wall of Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, Virginia, killed during the Chancellorsville campaign (the Second Battle of Fredericksburg), May 1863. Photograph by A.J. Russell.

Chancellorsville, actions on May 4, withdrawals on May 5 and 6

Battle of Chancellorsville, 4 May 1863 (Situation at 1800)

Battle of Chancellorsville, 6 May 1863 (Situation at 1700)

Hooker's plan for the Chancellorsville campaign
Confederate
Union

As they were withdrawing, the trailing elements of Sickles's corps were attacked by the Confederate brigade of Brig. Gen. James J. Archer, which captured about 100 prisoners and four cannons.