A report on Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)

Topographic map of Jammu and Kashmir, with visible altitude for the Kashmir valley and Jammu region.
A high-altitude alpine lake in the Himalayan range in Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir union territory (J and K) is bordered in carmine colour. Ladakh union territory (L) is bordered in blue colour.
Srinagar railway station
NH1 near Sonamarg
University of Kashmir during autumn
The Jammu and Kashmir High Court on postal stamps of India
Apples of Kashmir are famous for their taste
Boteh from an Antique Kashmiri Dochalla Shawl
Inauguration of the first Khelo India Winter Games
Vaishno Devi Temple in winter
Shalimar Gardens
Dal Lake
Amarnath Cave

Region administered by India as a union territory and consisting of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947, and between India and China since 1962.

- Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)

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Overall

Political map of the Kashmir region, showing the Pir Panjal range and the Kashmir Valley or Vale of Kashmir

Kashmir

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Northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

Northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

Political map of the Kashmir region, showing the Pir Panjal range and the Kashmir Valley or Vale of Kashmir
Pahalgam Valley, Kashmir
Nanga Parbat in Kashmir, the ninth-highest mountain on Earth, is the western anchor of the Himalayas
Map of India in 1823, showing the territories of the Sikh empire (northermost, in green) including the region of Kashmir
1909 Map of the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu. The names of regions, important cities, rivers, and mountains are underlined in red.
The prevailing religions by district in the 1901 Census of the Indian Empire
A white border painted on a suspended bridge delineates Azad Kashmir from Jammu and Kashmir
Topographic map of Kashmir
K2, a peak in the Karakoram range, is the second highest mountain in the world
The Indus River system
Large Kashmir Durbar Carpet (detail), 2021 photo. "Durbar", in this context, means Royal or Chiefly.
A Muslim shawl-making family shown in Cashmere shawl manufactory, 1867, chromolithograph, William Simpson
A group of Pandits, or Brahmin priests, in Kashmir, photographed by an unknown photographer in the 1890s
Brokpa women from Kargil, northern Ladakh, in local costumes

Today, the term encompasses a larger area that includes the Indian-administered territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan, and the Chinese-administered territories of Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract.

Srinagar and Environ map 1911

Srinagar

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Srinagar and Environ map 1911
Srinagar city and its vicinity in 1959
Market boats on Mar Canal in Srinagar
Srinagar International Airport
A passenger train at Srinagar Railway Station
University of Kashmir
Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar
Floating vegetable market on Dal Lake, the only of its kind in India
Shikaras on Dal Lake
The Houseboats of Dal Lake
Scenic View of Wular Lake
Nishat Bagh Mughal Gardens
Manasbal Lake
Chashme Shahi Mughal Gardens
Shalimar Mughal Gardens
Small lake at Botanical garden
Hari Parbat Fort
Pari Mahal
Dal Lake in winter
Hazratbal Shrine built in around 1700 AD
The Shankaracharya temple built in around 200 BC
Khanqah-e-Moula
Sharika Mata Temple
Pathar Masjid
Gurdwara Chatti Patsahi

Srinagar (English:, ) is the largest city and the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Jammu and Kashmir (state)

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Region formerly administered by India as a state from 1954 to 2019, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India, Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century.

Region formerly administered by India as a state from 1954 to 2019, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India, Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century.

Map of Jammu and Kashmir
Police and protesters confronting each other in Kashmir, 2018
Map of Jammu and Kashmir
The Divisions of Jammu and Kashmir: Kashmir (green), Jammu (orange) and Ladakh (blue)

After the Government of India repealed the special status accorded to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian constitution in 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, which contained provisions that dissolved the state and reorganised it into two union territories – Jammu and Kashmir in the west and Ladakh in the east, with effect from 31 October 2019.

Ladakh

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Region administered by India as a union territory, which constitutes a part of the larger Kashmir region and has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947.

Region administered by India as a union territory, which constitutes a part of the larger Kashmir region and has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947.

South Asia in 565 CE
The empire of Kyide Nyimagon divided among his three sons, c. 930 CE. The border between Ladakh/Maryul and Guge-Purang is shown in a thin dotted line, north of Gartok
Royal drinking scene at Alchi Monastery, Ladakh, circa 1200 CE. The king wears a decorated Qabā', of Turco-Persian style. It is similar to [[:File:Royal drinking scene at the entrance of the western monastery at Manguy, 11th to 13th century CE.jpg|another royal scene]] at nearby Mangyu Monastery.
Jama Masjid of Leh next to the Leh Palace
Thikse Monastery, Ladakh
The empire of kings Tsewang Namgyal and Jamyang Namgyal, about 1560–1600 CE
Cham dance during Dosmoche festival in Leh Palace
The disputed territory of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir: divided between Pakistan (green), India (blue) and China (yellow)
National Highway No 1
Ladakh (L) shown in the wider Kashmir region
Map of the central Ladakh region
The confluence of the Indus (flowing left-to-right) and Zanskar (coming in from top) rivers.
The Ladakh region has high altitude
View of Leh Town Along with Stok Kangri
Monthly average temperature in Leh
The black-necked crane comes to India every year for breeding. Photograph has been taken at Tso Kar, Ladakh.
Wild animals of Ladakh
Yaks in Ladakh
Banner of the Administration of Ladakh
Street market in Leh
Preparing apricots. Alchi Monastery.
A vehicle on the Himalaya Highway 3
Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport
Thukpa
Dancer in masked dance festival
Jabro Dance
Sul-ma, woman's woollen dress (detail), Ladakh, late 19th-early 20th century
First ever Khelo India Winter Games in Ladakh
Woman wearing traditional Ladakhi hat
Ladakhi Perak Headdress courtesy the Wovenosuls collection
Indian Astronomical Observatory near Leh
Ladakh horsemen, depicted in Alchi Monastery, circa 13th century CE
The nine stupas at Thiksey Monastery
Statue of Maitreya at Likir Monastery, Leh district
Likir Monastery, Ladakh
Phyang Gompa, Ladakh
Hemis Monastery in the 1870s
Pensi La
Shingo La
Shanti Stupa, Leh
Front of the Thiksey Monastery
Likir Monastery
Trees nestled in front of the Himalayas near Leh
Nubra Valley view with reflection
Carved stone tablets, each with the inscription "Om Mani Padme Hum" along the paths of Zanskar

Ladakh is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, both the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north.

Azad Kashmir

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Region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entity and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.

Region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entity and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.

Landscape of Azad Kashmir
Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
Paddy field in Leepa valley
A 1946 map of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir; present-day Azad Kashmir constitutes areas of the three western-most districts
Muzaffarabad, the capital city of Azad Kashmir
Bagh City
Districts of Azad Kashmir
Kotla, Bagh District
Neelum Valley is a tourist destination in Azad Kashmir.
Munda Gali, Leepa Valley
Mirpur University of Science and Technology

On its eastern side, Azad Kashmir is separated from the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (part of Indian-administered Kashmir) by the Line of Control (LoC), which serves as the de facto border between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir.

A map of the disputed Kashmir region showing the new Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019

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A map of the disputed Kashmir region showing the new Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.

The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 is an act of the parliament of India containing provisions to reconstitute the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir, a part of the larger region of Kashmir which has been the subject of dispute among India, Pakistan, and China since 1947, into two Indian-administered union territories (UTs) called Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, and becoming effective on 31 October 2019.

Union territory

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Type of administrative division in the Republic of India.

Type of administrative division in the Republic of India.

There are currently eight union territories in India, namely Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Lakshadweep and Puducherry.

Jammu division

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Lama dance at Jummoo,
Maharaja Gulab Singh, the founder of princely state of Jammu and Kashmir
Kashmir region divided across Pakistan, India and China (map by CIA)
Tawi River
The Vaishno Devi shrine attracts millions of Hindu devotees every year
Bahu Fort
Raghunath Temple
The Shivkhori cave
Machail Mata
Lohri bonfire

The Jammu division is a revenue and administrative division within Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory of India.

Himachal Pradesh

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State in the northern part of India.

State in the northern part of India.

Bathu ki Ladi Temples, near Maharana Pratap Sagar in Kangra are believed to be constructed by Pandavas
Topographic map of Himachal Pradesh. Most of the state is mountainous.
Tributary of Chandra, Lahaul and Spiti, from Rohtang Pass (elev. 3,980 m, 13,058 ft)
Indian paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi) in Kullu
Black bulbul (Hypsipetes leucocephalus)
High Court of Himachal Pradesh
Town Hall in Shimla
The Mall Road is the central business district of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh's capital city.
Terrace farming is the most common form of agricultural practice in the state.
Apple blossoms in Manali, Himachal Pradesh
Tea gardens in Dharamsala
Paragliding in Bir Billing.
Khirganga is one of the most popular treks in Himachal.
Gaggal Airport
Kalka-Shimla Railway
Kangra Valley Railway
NH 5 in Himachal Pradesh
A man in Kullu, wearing a traditional Himachali cap.
A village in Mandi district
Kibber Village, Spiti
Gaddi nomads
Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital at Shimla
Indian Institute of Advanced Study at Shimla
IIT Mandi campus, Jan '20

Himachal Pradesh is the northernmost state of India and shares borders with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the north, and the states of Punjab to the west, Haryana to the southwest, Uttarakhand to the southeast and a very narrow border with Uttar Pradesh to the south.

Map of the disputed region of Kashmir with Indian-administered territory shown in citrine yellow; Jammu and Kashmir is the western half of this section.
(Pakistani-administered territory shown in tea green, Chinese-administered territory shown in fallow brown.)

Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir

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Map of the disputed region of Kashmir with Indian-administered territory shown in citrine yellow; Jammu and Kashmir is the western half of this section.
(Pakistani-administered territory shown in tea green, Chinese-administered territory shown in fallow brown.)
The trend in total yearly civilian and security forces fatalities from insurgency-related violence over 25 years from 1988 to 2013.

The insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir, also known as the Kashmir insurgency or Kashmir intifada, is an ongoing separatist militant insurgency against the Indian administration in Jammu and Kashmir, a territory constituting the southwestern portion of the larger geographical region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.