A report on Jhujhar Singh

Jhujhar Singh on Horseback, ca. 1720–30

Raja of the Orchha region in India during the 17th century.

- Jhujhar Singh

Jhujhar Singh on Horseback, ca. 1720–30

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Orchha State

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Kingdom situated in the Bundelkhand region and later a princely state in British India.

Kingdom situated in the Bundelkhand region and later a princely state in British India.

Orchha State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India

Orchha State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India

Chaturbhuj Temple at Orchha, is noted for having one of the tallest Vimana among Hindu temples standing at 344 feet.

Orchha State in the Imperial Gazetteer of India

The capture of Orchha by invading Mughal forces (October 1635).

The Royal Chhatris of Orchha

Maharaja Pratap Singh of Orchha

Orchha stamp, dated 1914

Orchha Fort complex

Jahangir Mahal, Orchha

Memorial Chhatris of the ruler of Orchha, on the bank of the Betwa River.

Lakshmi Temple, Orchha

In the early-17th century, Raja Jhujhar Singh rebelled against the Mughal emperor but was defeated.

Vir Singh Deo

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Bundela Rajput chief and the ruler of the kingdom of Orchha.

Bundela Rajput chief and the ruler of the kingdom of Orchha.

Vir Singh Deo ki Chhatri, Orchha

The Royal Chhatris of Orchha

Vir Singh Deo was succeeded by Jhujhar Singh, the first-born son of the senior of his three queens.

Aurangzeb holding a hawk in c. 1660

Aurangzeb

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The sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling from July 1658 until his death in 1707.

The sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling from July 1658 until his death in 1707.

Aurangzeb holding a hawk in c. 1660

A painting from c. 1637 shows the brothers (left to right) Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years.

The Mughal Army under the command of Aurangzeb recaptures Orchha in October 1635.

A painting from Padshahnama depicts Prince Aurangzeb facing a maddened war elephant named Sudhakar.

Sepoys loyal to the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb maintain their positions around the palace, at Aurangabad, in 1658.

Aurangzeb becomes emperor.

Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb in early 18th century

Aurangzeb compiled Hanafi law by introducing the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri.

Aurangzeb holding a flywhisk

Aurangzeb seated on a golden throne holding a Hawk in the Durbar. Standing before him is his son, Azam Shah.

Aurangzeb Receives Prince Mu'azzam. Chester Beatty Library

Dagger (Khanjar) of Aurangzeb (Badshah Alamgir).

Manuscript of the Quran, parts of which are believed to have been written in Aurangzeb's own hand.

The Birthday of the Grand Mogul Aurangzeb, made 1701–1708 by Johann Melchior Dinglinger.

Josiah Child requests a pardon from Aurangzeb during the Anglo-Mughal War.

By 1690, Aurangzeb was acknowledged as: "emperor of the Mughal Sultanate from Cape Comorin to Kabul".

Aurangzeb spent his reign crushing major and minor rebellions throughout the Mughal Empire.

The tomb of Akbar was pillaged by Jat rebels during the reign of Aurangzeb.

Aurangzeb leads the Mughal Army during the Battle of Satara.

Raja Shivaji at Aurangzeb's Darbar- M V Dhurandhar

Aurangzeb reciting the Quran.

Aurangzeb dispatched his personal imperial guard during the campaign against the Satnami rebels.

Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi is built at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded.

Zafarnama is the name given to the letter sent by the tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to Aurangzeb. The letter is written in Persian script.

Aurangzeb in a pavilion with three courtiers below.

Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, was commissioned by him

Aurangzeb's tomb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

Aurangzeb reading the Quran

The unmarked grave of Aurangzeb in the mausoleum at Khuldabad, Maharashtra.

Tughra and seal of Aurangzeb, on an imperial firman

In the year 1689, according to Mughal accounts, Sambhaji was put on trial, found guilty of atrocities and executed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mehta |first=J. L. |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707{{snd}}1813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA50 |access-date=29 September 2012 |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=978-1-932705-54-6 |pages=50–}}</ref><ref name="google2">{{cite book |last=Stein |first=Burton |author-link=Burton Stein |year=2010 |orig-year=First published 1998 |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |editor-link=David Arnold (historian) |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=PA180 |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |edition=2nd |page=180 |isbn=978-1-4051-9509-6}}</ref>

Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly executed in 1675 on the orders of Aurangzeb in Delhi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html |title=A Gateway to Sikhism {{!}} Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib |website=Gateway to Sikhism |access-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327223831/http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/Sikh-Guru-Ji'/Sri-Guru-Tegh-Bhadur-Sahib-Ji.html#12 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Sarmad Kashani, a Jewish convert to Islam and Sufi mystic was accused of heresy and executed.<ref name="David Cook 2007">{{cite book |last=Cook |first=David |author-link=David Cook (historian) |year=2007 |title=Martyrdom in Islam |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=80 |isbn=978-0-521-85040-7}}</ref>

Daulatabad cannon

Kalak Bangadi cannon.

One of the Daulatabad cannons

Aurangabad cannon

Seventeenth-century Badshahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb in Lahore.

Bibi ka Maqbara.

Tomb of Sufi saint, Syed Abdul Rahim Shah Bukhari constructed by Aurangzeb.

Shawls manufactured in the Mughal Empire had highly influenced other cultures around the world.

Shawl makers in the Mughal Empire.

Mughal imperial carpet

March of the Great Moghul (Aurangzeb)

François Bernier, was a French physician and traveller, who for 12 years was the personal physician of Aurangzeb. He described his experiences in Travels in the Mughal Empire.

Map of the Mughal Empire by Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) of Venice, who served as Royal Geographer to Louis XIV of France.

French map of the Deccan.

Rupee coin showing full name

Rupee with square area

A copper dam of Aurangzeb

A Mughal trooper in the Deccan.

Aurangzeb leads his final expedition (1705), leading an army of 500,000 troops.

Mughal-era aristocrat armed with a matchlock musket.

Aurangzeb, in later life, hunting with hounds and falconers

Aurangzeb was nominally in charge of the force sent to Bundelkhand with the intent of subduing the rebellious ruler of Orchha, Jhujhar Singh, who had attacked another territory in defiance of Shah Jahan's policy and was refusing to atone for his actions.

Portrait of Bakht Buland Shah, the greatest Gond ruler of Deogarh

Gonds of Deogarh

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The Gonds of Deogarh were a Gond royal house that founded and ruled the Nagpur Kingdom before being practically being made state pensionaries by the Bhonsle Maratha leader Raghoji I Bhonsle.

The Gonds of Deogarh were a Gond royal house that founded and ruled the Nagpur Kingdom before being practically being made state pensionaries by the Bhonsle Maratha leader Raghoji I Bhonsle.

Portrait of Bakht Buland Shah, the greatest Gond ruler of Deogarh

One of the reasons could be Jhujhar Singh, the rebellious raja of Orchha was allowed to pass through Deogarh territory unharmed.