John F. Reynolds and Related Topics

Northern Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1861–1865

Battle of Gettysburg

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Fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

This 1863 oval-shaped map depicts the Gettysburg Battlefield during July 1–3, 1863, showing troop and artillery positions and movements, relief hachures, drainage, roads, railroads, and houses with the names of residents at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg.

This November 1862 Harper's Magazine illustration shows Confiderate Army troops escorting captured African American civilians south into slavery. En route to Gettysburg, the Army of Northern Virginia kidnapped approximately 40 black civilians and sent them south into slavery.

Overview map of the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Marker commemorating the first shot fired at the Battle of Gettysburg at 7:30 am on July 1, 1863 by Lt. Marcellus Jones

Robert E. Lee's plan for July 2, 1863, the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg

Overview map of the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863

Union Army breastworks on Culp's Hill, 1863

Overview map of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863

The high water mark on Cemetery Ridge with the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument commemorating the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment at right and the Copse of Trees to the left, August 2005

"The Harvest of Death": Union dead on the battlefield at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, photographed July 5 or July 6, 1863, by Timothy H. O'Sullivan

John L. Burns, veteran of the War of 1812, civilian who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg with Union troops, standing with bayoneted musket. Mathew Brady's National Photographic Portrait Galleries, photographer. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Gettysburg Campaign (July 5 – July 14, 1863)

On November 19, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, considered one of the best-known speeches in American history. A crowd of citizens and soldiers surround Lincoln (with a red arrow pointing to his location in photo)

The 1936 Battle of Gettysburg half dollar

Gettysburg Centennial Commemorative issue of 1963

Gettysburg Campaign (through July 3) with cavalry movements shown with dashed lines Confederate
Union

I Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, with divisions commanded by Brig. Gen. James S. Wadsworth, Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, and Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday.

V Corps (Union Army)

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Unit of the Union Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War.

The corps was temporarily enlarged on June 14 by George A. McCall's division of Pennsylvania Reserves, which included future stars John F. Reynolds and George G. Meade.

Army of the Potomac

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The principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.

The Army of the Potomac – Our Outlying Picket in the Woods, 1862

Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac, drawn by Thomas Nast, Harper's Weekly, October 10, 1863

Saint Patrick's Day celebration in the Army of the Potomac, depicting a steeplechase race among the Irish Brigade, March 17, 1863, by Edwin Forbes

Scouts and guides, Army of the Potomac, Mathew Brady

Headquarters of the 5th Corps, Army of the Potomac, at the home of Col. Avery near Petersburg, Virginia, June 1864. Photograph by Mathew Brady. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

The Pennsylvania Reserves, in particular, suffered heavy losses including its division commander, who was captured by the Confederates, and two of its three brigadiers (John F. Reynolds, also captured, and George Meade, who was wounded).

Winfield Scott Hancock

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United States Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880.

Major General Winfield Scott Hancock. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress

Winfield S. Hancock and staff during the Civil War

Hancock, surrounded by three of his division commanders: Francis C. Barlow, David B. Birney, and John Gibbon during the Wilderness campaign

The execution of the Lincoln assassination conspirators, July 7, 1865

Andrew Johnson thought Hancock was the ideal Reconstruction general.

General Winfield Scott Hancock leading Ulysses S. Grant's funeral procession in New York City

Statue of Hancock on the Smith Memorial Arch in Philadelphia

General Winfield Scott Hancock Memorial in Washington, D.C.

1886 $2 Silver Certificate depicting Hancock

After his friend, Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, was killed early on July 1, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, the new commander of the Army of the Potomac, sent Hancock ahead to take command of the units on the field and assess the situation.

George Meade

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United States Army officer and civil engineer best known for decisively defeating Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War.

Meade photographed by Mathew Brady or Levin C. Handy

Commanders of the Army of the Potomac, Gouverneur K. Warren, William H. French, George G. Meade, Henry J. Hunt, Andrew A. Humphreys, and George Sykes in September 1863

General Meade's headquarters, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Engraving by James E. Kelly of George G. Meade and the Council of War at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863

General Meade's headquarters, Culpeper, Virginia

Horse artillery headquarters in Brandy Station, Virginia, February 1864. Meade stands at the far right with Generals John Sedgwick and Alfred Torbert, along with staff officers.

Generals George G. Meade, Andrew A. Humphreys and staff in Culpeper, Virginia outside Meade's headquarters, 1863

General Meade and other generals of Army of the Potomac in Washington, D.C., June 1865

General George G. Meade and staff in Washington, D.C. in June 1865

George Meade tombstone in Laurel Hill Cemetery

George Gordon Meade Memorial, sculpted by Charles Grafly, located in front of the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse in Washington, D.C.

General Meade lived at 1836 Delancey Place, Philadelphia, and died in the house, 1872, according to the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission marker in front.

A monument to Meade by sculptor Henry Kirke Bush-Brown, on the Gettysburg Battlefield, located close to the point where Pickett's Charge was repulsed.

Equestrian statue in Philadelphia, designed by Alexander Milne Calder, located in Fairmount Park, which Meade was the commissioner of following the war.

John F. Reynolds, one of four major generals who outranked Meade in the Army of the Potomac, had earlier turned down the president's suggestion that he take over.

Battle of Fredericksburg

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Fought December 11–15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia, in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.

A piece of artillery forming part of "Longstreet's Line" on Marye's Heights during the Battle of Fredericksburg

Fredericksburg campaign, situation November 19, 1862 and movements since October 10

Skinkers Neck on the Rappanhannock below Fredericksburg, VA, 1862 sketch by Alfred Waud

Overview of the battle, December 13, 1862

Part of Franklin's "Left Grand Division" charges across the railroad

Attack on the Rebel Works, 1862 sketch by Alfred Waud

Sumner's assault, 1:00 p.m., December 13, 1862. The sequence of Union division attacks was French (II Corps), Hancock (II), Howard (II), and Sturgis (IX).

Hooker's assault, 3:30 p.m., December 13, 1862. The sequence of Union division attacks was Griffin (V Corps), Humphreys (V), and Getty (IX).

The Confederate troops behind the stone wall

The sunken road at Marye's Heights in 2010. Approximately 3,000 Georgians under Thomas R. R. Cobb were lined up in multiple ranks behind the stone wall, and another 3,000 were atop the slope behind it, along with their artillery.

Genl. Humphreys charging at the head of his division after sunset of Dec 13, 1862 sketch by Alfred Waud

Here is the only known instance in which the Union photographers succeeded in getting a near view of the Confederate troops. Mathew Brady's photo shows the other bank of Rappahannock after General Lee allowed Federal troops to collect bodies of fallen soldiers.

Civil War Trust President Jim Lighthizer at Slaughter Pen Farm

Union Army pontoon boats mobilized for deployment

Model of a portion of the pontoon bridge built for the film Gods and Generals, displayed at the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park

Barksdale's Mississippi brigade fires at the Union engineers

Overview of the battle, December 13, 1862 (additional map 1)

Overview of the battle, December 13, 1862 (additional map 2)

Western view from Fredericksburg down Telegraph Road with Marye's Heights visible in the distant center

Marye's House upon Marye's Heights was the center of the Confederate position during the battle. Confederate troop encampments are visible to the right

Burnside's headquarters at Phillips House during the battle

Sumner's headquarters, Chatham Manor, on Stafford Heights; Burnside observed the battle primarily from this location

Initial movements in the Fredericksburg campaign
Confederate
Union

The Left Grand Division, commanded by Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin, consisted of the I Corps of Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds (divisions of Brig. Gens. Abner Doubleday and John Gibbon and Maj. Gen. George G. Meade) and the VI Corps of Maj. Gen. William F. "Baldy" Smith (divisions of Brig. Gens. William T. H. Brooks, Albion P. Howe, and John Newton). A cavalry brigade commanded by Brig. Gen. George D. Bayard was attached.

Pennsylvania Reserves

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Infantry division in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

March 17, 1865 photo of three Union soldiers who escaped Confederate Prison Camp including Lieutenant Richard Cooper New Jersey Infantry, Adjudant John J. Hastings 7th Pennsylvania Reserve Infantry, and Captain Rees G. Richards Company G 45th Pennsylvania Infantry.

The first commander was George A. McCall, and later division commanders were John F. Reynolds, George G. Meade, and Samuel W. Crawford.

Battle of Chancellorsville

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Major battle of the American Civil War , and the principal engagement of the Chancellorsville campaign.

Troops crossing the Rapidan at Germanna Ford

Battle of Chancellorsville, Situation Late 30 April 1863 and Movements since 27 April

Troops on Hooker's right cross the Rappahannock

Battle of Chancellorsville, 1 May 1863 (Situation at Dark)

Battle of Chancellorsville, 2 May 1863 (Situation at 1800)

The ruins of Catharine Furnace photographed in 2011

The site of "Keenan's Charge" [8th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment] 2 May 1863

Dowdall's Tavern was Union General Oliver O. Howard's headquarters until he was surprised and driven out by Stonewall Jackson's Confederate troops on May 2.

Wilderness Church at Chancellorsville was the center of a stand made by Union general Schurz's division during Stonewall Jackson's surprise flank attack.

Ruins of the Chancellor House which was the headquarters of Federal General Joseph Hooker of the Army of the Potomac during the battle, later burned, May 1863

The XI Corps routs before Jackson's evening dinner time surprise attack

XII Corps artillery halts Jackson's surprise attack

Lower right photograph of trees shattered by artillery shells near where Jackson was shot on the Orange Plank Road.

Chancellorsville, actions on May 3, dawn to 10 a.m.

Battle of Chancellorsville, 3 May 1863 (Situation Early)

Soldiers of the VI Corps, Army of the Potomac, in trenches before storming Marye's Heights at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg during the Chancellorsville campaign, Virginia, May 1863. This photograph (Library of Congress #B-157) is sometimes mistakenly labeled as taken at the 1864 Siege of Petersburg, Virginia.

Chancellorsville, actions on May 3, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., including the Second Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Salem Church

Chancellorsville Campaign, 3 May 1863 (Battle of Salem Church: Situation at 1600)

Confederate dead behind the stone wall of Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, Virginia, killed during the Chancellorsville campaign (the Second Battle of Fredericksburg), May 1863. Photograph by A.J. Russell.

Chancellorsville, actions on May 4, withdrawals on May 5 and 6

Battle of Chancellorsville, 4 May 1863 (Situation at 1800)

Battle of Chancellorsville, 6 May 1863 (Situation at 1700)

Hooker's plan for the Chancellorsville campaign
Confederate
Union

I Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, with the divisions of Brig. Gens. James S. Wadsworth, John C. Robinson, and Abner Doubleday.

Second Battle of Bull Run

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Fought August 28–30, 1862, in Prince William County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War.

Second Bull Run Campaign, August 17–30, 1862 (Additional map).

August 29, 12 noon: Longstreet arrives, Porter stalls

August 29, 5–7 p.m., Kearny's attack, Hood vs. Hatch

Stonewall Jackson's cannons on Henry House Hill

August 30, 4 p.m.: Start of Longstreet's attack

August 30, 4:30 p.m.: Union defense of Chinn Ridge

August 30, 5 p.m.: Final Confederate attacks, beginning of the Union retreat

Bridge crossed by the Union troops retreating to Centreville

Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862

<center>Soldiers stand next to a completely destroyed Henry House in 1862</center>

<center>Virginia, Bull Run. Ruins of Stone Bridge, 1862</center>

<center>A group of men stand near the Manassas Railroad Junction railroad tracks in 1862 with a train in the background</center>

<center>A group of men near Manassas Railroad Junction in 1862</center>

<center>Men sit near the Manassas Junction railroad in 1862</center>

<center>Picking up debris of trains after Pope's retreat</center>

<center>Bull Run, Va. Dedication of the battle monument; Judge Abram B. Olin of the District of Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the address, stands by the rail.</center>

Battle map drafted by Sneden, Robert Knox, with notes on Union and Confederate strengths, casualties, done in pen and ink and water color

Northern Virginia Campaign, August 7–28, 1862 Confederate
Union

Sigel, unsure of Jackson's dispositions, chose to advance along a broad front, with Brig. Gen. Robert C. Schenck's division, supported by Brig. Gen. John F. Reynolds's division (McDowell's III Corps) on the left, Brig. Gen. Robert H. Milroy's independent brigade in the center, and Brig. Gen. Carl Schurz's division on the right.

I Corps (Union Army)

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The designation of three different corps-sized units in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Brigadier General Irvin McDowell (left) with Major General George B. McClellan.

"The Fall of Reynolds" – drawing of Reynolds' death at Gettysburg

Division commander Brig. Gen. George McCall and future I Corps commander Brig. Gen. John Reynolds were both captured and freed in a prisoner exchange that August.

A report on John F. Reynolds

24 related topics with Alpha

Battle of Gettysburg

V Corps (Union Army)

Army of the Potomac

Winfield Scott Hancock

George Meade

Battle of Fredericksburg

Pennsylvania Reserves

Battle of Chancellorsville

Second Battle of Bull Run

I Corps (Union Army)