John Marshall and Related Topics

Thomas Jefferson

23 links

American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

Wren Building, College of William & Mary where Jefferson studied

House of Burgesses in Williamsburg, Virginia, where Jefferson served 1769–1775

U.S. Declaration of Independence – 1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy

Governor's Palace, Governor Jefferson's residence in Williamsburg

Independence Hall Assembly Room where Jefferson served in Congress

Portrait of Thomas Jefferson while in London in 1786 at 44 by Mather Brown

Thomas Jefferson in 1791 at 48 by Charles Willson Peale

Jefferson in 1799 at 57, painted by Charles Peale Polk

President Thomas Jefferson Peale 1805 Reproduction

Barbary Coast of North Africa 1806. Left is Morocco at Gibraltar, center is Tunis, and right is Tripoli.

The 1803 Louisiana Purchase totaled 827,987 sqmi, doubling the size of the United States.

Corps of Discovery, October 1805 (by Charles Marion Russell, 1905)

Black Hoof, leader of the Shawnee, accepted Jefferson's Indian assimilation policies.

1802 portrait of Aaron Burr by John Vanderlyn

HMS Leopard (right) firing upon USS Chesapeake

A political cartoon showing merchants dodging the "Ograbme", which is "Embargo" spelled backwards (1807)

Portrait of Jefferson by Gilbert Stuart, 1821.

The University of Virginia, Jefferson's "Academical Village"

In 1804, Abigail Adams attempted to reconcile Jefferson and Adams.

Lafayette in 1824, portrait by Ary Scheffer, hanging in U.S. House of Representatives

Thomas Jefferson at age 78. Portrait by Thomas Sully hanging at West Point, commissioned by Faculty and Cadets, 1821.

The Jefferson Bible featuring only the words of Jesus from the evangelists, in parallel Greek, Latin, French and English

Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, national bank proponent and Jefferson's adversary

Jefferson's 1795 Farm Book, page 30, lists 163 slaves at Monticello.

Jefferson depicted as a rooster, and Hemings as a hen

Virginia State Capitol, designed by Jefferson (wings added later)

Mount Rushmore National Memorial (left to right): George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln

Thomas Jefferson Memorial Statue, by Rudulph Evans (1947)

alt=Commemorative stone erected at Thomas Jefferson's birthplace in Shadwell, Virginia, on April 13, 1929.|Jefferson's Birthplace

Albert Gallatin Jefferson's Treasury economic architect Stuart 1803

Jefferson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall at the new Capitol in Washington, D.C. on March 4, 1801.

John Adams

18 links

American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801.

Adams's birthplace now in Quincy, Massachusetts

Boston Massacre of 1770 by Alonzo Chappel

John Trumbull's Declaration of Independence depicts the Committee of Five presenting its draft to Congress. Adams is depicted in the center with his hand on his hip.

The Assembly Room in Philadelphia's Independence Hall, where the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence

Adams frequently clashed with Benjamin Franklin over how to manage French relations.

Treaty of Paris by Benjamin West (Adams in front).

Portrait of Adams by John Trumbull, 1793

Portrait of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart, 1795. Washington rarely consulted Vice President Adams, who often felt marginalized and overshadowed by Washington's prestige.

President's House, Philadelphia. Adams occupied this Philadelphia mansion from March 1797 to May 1800.

A political cartoon depicts the XYZ Affair – America is a female being plundered by Frenchmen. (1798)

Thomas Jefferson, Adams's vice president, attempted to undermine many of his actions as president and eventually defeated him for reelection.

Alexander Hamilton's desire for high military rank and his push for war with France put him into conflict with Adams.

John Marshall, 4th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and one of Adams's few dependable allies

John Adams, c. 1816, by Samuel Morse (Brooklyn Museum)

Tombs of John and Abigail Adams (far) and John Quincy and Louisa Adams (near), in family crypt at United First Parish Church

John Adams by Gilbert Stuart (1823). This portrait was the last made of Adams, done at the request of John Quincy.

The peace commission that Adams appointed consisted of John Marshall, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and Elbridge Gerry.

Page one of the officially engrossed copy of the Constitution signed by delegates. A print run of 500 copies of the final version preceded this copy.

Constitution of the United States

14 links

Supreme law of the United States of America.

Signing of the Constitution, September 17, 1787 (1940 by Howard Chandler Christy)

Dates the 13 states ratified the Constitution

Closing endorsement section of the United States Constitution

United States Bill of Rights
Currently housed in the National Archives.

Salmon P. Chase {{refn|group= lower-alpha|The Chase Court, 1864–1873, in 1865 were Salmon P. Chase (chief Justice); Hon. Nathan Clifford, Maine; Stephen J. Field, Justice Supreme Court, U.S.; Hon. Samuel F. Miller, U.S. Supreme Court; Hon. Noah H. Swayne, Justice Supreme Court, U.S.; Judge Morrison R. Waite}}

William Howard Taft {{refn|group= lower-alpha|The Taft Court, 1921–1930, in 1925 were James Clark McReynolds, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., William Howard Taft (chief justice), Willis Van Devanter, Louis Brandeis. Edward Sanford, George Sutherland, Pierce Butler, Harlan Fiske Stone}}

Earl Warren {{refn|group= lower-alpha|The Warren Court, 1953–1969, in 1963 were Felix Frankfurter; Hugo Black; Earl Warren (chief justice); Stanley Reed; William O. Douglas. Tom Clark; Robert H. Jackson; Harold Burton; Sherman Minton}}

William Rehnquist {{refn|group= lower-alpha|The Rehnquist Court, 1986–2005.}}

Chief Justice Marshall clarified: "Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the Constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, are Constitutional."

Supreme Court of the United States

13 links

Highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States.

The Court lacked its own building until 1935; from 1791 to 1801, it met in Philadelphia's City Hall.

The Royal Exchange, New York City, the first meeting place of the Supreme Court

The U.S. Supreme Court Building, current home of the Supreme Court, which opened in 1935.

The Hughes Court in 1937, photographed by Erich Salomon. Members include Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes (center), Louis Brandeis, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Harlan Stone, Owen Roberts, and the "Four Horsemen" Pierce Butler, James Clark McReynolds, George Sutherland, and Willis Van Devanter, who opposed New Deal policies.

Justices of the Supreme Court with President George W. Bush (center-right) in October 2005. The justices (left to right) are: Ruth Bader Ginsburg, David Souter, Antonin Scalia, John Paul Stevens, John Roberts, Sandra Day O'Connor, Anthony Kennedy, Clarence Thomas, and Stephen Breyer

John Roberts giving testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee during the 2005 hearings on his nomination to be chief justice

Ruth Bader Ginsburg giving testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee during the 1993 hearings on her nomination to be an associate justice

The interior of the United States Supreme Court

The first four female justices: O'Connor, Sotomayor, Ginsburg, and Kagan.

The current Roberts Court justices (since October 2020): Front row (left to right): Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas, Chief Justice John Roberts, Stephen Breyer, and Sonia Sotomayor. Back row (left to right): Brett Kavanaugh, Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch, and Amy Coney Barrett.

Percentage of cases decided unanimously and by a one-vote margin from 1971 to 2016

The present U.S. Supreme Court building as viewed from the front

From the 1860s until the 1930s, the court sat in the Old Senate Chamber of the U.S. Capitol.

Seth P. Waxman at oral argument presents his case and answers questions from the justices.

Inscription on the wall of the Supreme Court Building from Marbury v. Madison, in which Chief Justice John Marshall outlined the concept of judicial review

The court's power and prestige grew substantially during the Marshall Court (1801–1835).

Federalist Party

12 links

Traditionalist conservative party that was the first political party in the United States.

A portrait of Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull, 1806

The Apotheosis of Washington as seen looking up from the Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C.

Gilbert Stuart, John Adams, c. 1800-1815

After losing executive power, they decisively shaped Supreme Court policy for another three decades through Chief Justice John Marshall.

Portrait by Samuel Morse, c. undefined 1819

James Monroe

12 links

American statesman, lawyer, diplomat and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825.

Marker designating the site of James Monroe's birthplace in Monroe Hall, Virginia

The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton, December 26, 1776, by John Trumbull, showing Captain William Washington, with a wounded hand, on the right and Lt. Monroe, severely wounded and helped by Dr. John Riker, left of center, behind the mortally wounded Hessian Colonel Johann Gottlieb Rall. Rall is being helped by American Major William Stephens Smith

The earliest preserved portrait of James Monroe as Minister Plenipotentiary to France in 1794

Portrait of Secretary Monroe by John Vanderlyn, c. 1816

Map showing the results of the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819

Portrait of President Monroe by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1820-1822

Monroe once owned a farm at the location of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville

Monroe in a 1829 portrait by Chester Harding

During this time, Monroe formed a lifelong friendship with an older classmate, John Marshall.

Democratic-Republican Party

13 links

American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s that championed republicanism, agrarianism, political equality, and expansionism.

Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the 1800 presidential election, thereby becoming the first Democratic-Republican president.

The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 totaled 827,987 sqmi, doubling the size of the United States.

Albert Gallatin served as Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison.

James Monroe, the third Democratic-Republican president

Four Democratic-Republicans sought the presidency in 1824: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay.

John Quincy Adams won the 1824 presidential election as a Democratic-Republican after leaving the Federalist Party earlier in his career.

Presidential election results from 1796 to 1824. Darker shades of green indicate that the state generally supported the Democratic-Republicans, and darker shades of brown indicate that the state generally supported the Federalists.

John Randolph of Roanoke was a prominent member of a group of Southern plantation owners known as the Old Republicans.

Andrew Jackson led a faction of Democratic-Republicans that ultimately coalesced into the Democratic Party.

In the final months of his presidency, Adams reached an agreement with France to end the Quasi-War and appointed several Federalist judges, including Chief Justice John Marshall.

Marshall Court

7 links

The Marshall Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1835, when John Marshall served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States.

An 1808 engraving of Chief Justice John Marshall by French portrait painter Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin

Marbury v. Madison

10 links

Landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.

The U.S. Capitol, home of the U.S. Congress and also where the U.S. Supreme Court convened from 1801 until the Supreme Court Building's completion in 1935.

Marshall's famous line from Marbury v. Madison on American federal courts' power to interpret the law, now inscribed on the wall of the U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C.

Chief justice John Marshall, as painted by Henry Inman in 1832, after having presided over the American federal judiciary for over 30 years

The subpoena duces tecum (order to bring items as evidence) issued to President Richard Nixon that was the center of the dispute in the 1974 judicial review case United States v. Nixon

The U.S. Senate quickly confirmed Adams's appointments, but outgoing Secretary of State John Marshall did not deliver all of the new judges' commissions before Adams's departure and Jefferson's inauguration.

James Madison

15 links

American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

Madison at Princeton, portrait by James Sharples

Congressional delegate Madison, age 32 by Charles Willson Peale

page one of the original copy
of the U.S. Constitution

Gouverneur Morris signs the Constitution before George Washington. Madison sits next to Robert Morris, in front of Benjamin Franklin. Painting by John Henry Hintermeister, 1925.

Thomas Jefferson founded the Democratic-Republican Party with Madison.

Montpelier, Madison's tobacco plantation in Virginia

James Madison engraving by David Edwin from between 1809 and 1817

USS Constitution defeats HMS Guerriere, a significant event during the war. U.S. nautical victories boosted American morale.

The British set ablaze the U.S. Capital on August 24, 1814.

Portrait of James Madison c. 1821, by Gilbert Stuart

A life-sized statue of Madison at James Madison University.

Due to his support for religious liberty, James Madison (upper left) is honored alongside early U.S. Baptist figures in a stained glass window in National Baptist Memorial Church, Washington, D.C.

Though the Federalists were rapidly fading away at the national level, Chief Justice John Marshall ensured that Federalist ideology retained an important presence in the judiciary.

A report on John Marshall

103 related topics with Alpha