A report on Jules Massenet

Massenet photographed by Pierre Petit, 1880
Massenet's birthplace in Montaud, photographed c. 1908
Massenet in the early 1860s
Auditorium of the Opéra-Comique
Poster for the première of Don César de Bazan by Célestin Nanteuil
Design by Philippe Chaperon for Le roi de Lahore, 1877
"M. Massenet's bland pâtisserie and Mlle. Sanderson's sugar-candy notes" baked in "the National Musical Oven". Caricature from La Silhouette, March 1894.
Poster for the first French production of Werther.
Mary Garden in the title role of Chérubin, 1905
Poster by Georges Rochegrosse for the 1912 Paris première of Roma.
Poster by Jean de Paleologu for ''Sapho, 1897
Poster by Georges Rochegrosse for Don Quichotte, 1910
Among Massenet's interpreters, clockwise from top left: Pierre Monteux, Renée Fleming, Roberto Alagna and Victoria de los Ángeles
Massenet in his later years

French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty.

- Jules Massenet
Massenet photographed by Pierre Petit, 1880

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Gounod in 1860 soon after his greatest success, Faust

Charles Gounod

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French composer.

French composer.

Gounod in 1860 soon after his greatest success, Faust
Gounod aged 22, by Dominique Ingres
Missions étrangères de Paris
Gounod's wife, Anna, by Ingres, 1859
The palace of Méphistophélès, Faust, 1859
Caroline Carvalho as Juliette, 1867
Georgina Weldon in a Victorian advertisement for soap
Cinq-Mars, 1877
Gounod in old age by Nadar, 1890
Gounod in comic vein: the "gurgling" (petits glougloux) couplets from Le Médecin malgré lui (1858)
The finale of the Faust ballet music, composed for large orchestra
The opening of Gounod's Second Symphony: "The introductory Adagio in the key of E flat speaks of Beethoven's Eroica".
"Le Vallon": an early song by Gounod, from c. 1840

In his music there is a strand of romantic sentiment that is continued in the operas of Jules Massenet and others; there is also a strand of classical restraint and elegance that influenced Gabriel Fauré.

Geraldine Farrar in the title role

Manon

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Geraldine Farrar in the title role
"Gathering around a score" by Charles Baude (1853–1935) shows Massenet rehearsing Manon with Sibyl Sanderson in Pierre Loti's drawing room. It was used as the cover of Le Théâtre in July 1889.
Dmitri Smirnov as Le Chevalier des Grieux (1909, by Aleksandr Golovin)
American soprano Sibyl Sanderson as Manon in 1888

Manon is an opéra comique in five acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Henri Meilhac and Philippe Gille, based on the 1731 novel L'histoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut by the Abbé Prévost.

Massenet Festival

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Massenet Festival (Festival Massenet) is a biennale festival of music by French composer, Jules Massenet held in Saint-Étienne, France, close to the area where the composer was born.

Claude Debussy

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French composer.

French composer.

Rue au Pain, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, street of Debussy's birthplace
Debussy by Marcel Baschet, 1884
Gamelan orchestra, circa 1889
Lilly Debussy in 1902
Emma Bardac (later Emma Debussy) in 1903
Debussy's last home, now 23 Square de l'Avenue Foch, Paris
Debussy's grave at Passy Cemetery in Paris
Illustration of L'après-midi d'un faune, 1910
Monet's Impression, soleil levant (1872), from which "Impressionism" takes its name
Improvised chord sequences played by Debussy for Guiraud
S. Pickwick Esq. P.P.M.P.C.
Debussy with Igor Stravinsky: photograph by Erik Satie, June 1910, taken at Debussy's home in the Avenue du Bois de Boulogne

Although Debussy's works showed the influence of Jules Massenet, the latter concluded, "He is an enigma".

Fauré in 1907

Gabriel Fauré

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French composer, organist, pianist and teacher.

French composer, organist, pianist and teacher.

Fauré in 1907
Fauré as a student, 1864
Staff and students of the École Niedermeyer, 1871. Fauré in front row second from left; André Messager in middle row second from right
Fauré in 1875
Fauré by John Singer Sargent, 1889
Fauré and Marie in 1889
Emma Bardac
Clockwise from top left: Saint-Saëns, Thomas, Massenet, Dubois
Maurice Ravel
Fauré at the turn of the century
National hommage to Fauré, 1922. Fauré and President Millerand are in the box between the statues
Manuscript page of the Requiem

Other members included Georges Bizet, Emmanuel Chabrier, Vincent d'Indy, Henri Duparc, César Franck, Édouard Lalo and Jules Massenet.

Thomas by Wilhelm Benque, c. 1895

Ambroise Thomas

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French composer and teacher, best known for his operas Mignon (1866) and Hamlet (1868).

French composer and teacher, best known for his operas Mignon (1866) and Hamlet (1868).

Thomas by Wilhelm Benque, c. 1895
Thomas in 1834 by Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin
Le caïd, 1849
Jean-Baptiste Faure as Hamlet, painted by Manet
Thomas, about 1865
Statue of Thomas in Paris.

Over these years his students included the composers Jules Massenet, Gaston Serpette, and, late in Thomas' career, George Enescu; future academics included Théodore Dubois and Charles Lenepveu; and conductors who were Thomas' students included Edouard Colonne and Désiré-Émile Inghelbrecht.

The composer, photographed in 1895

Hérodiade

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The composer, photographed in 1895
Erodiade (soprano), costume design for Erodiade act 1 (1882).

Hérodiade is an opera in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Paul Milliet and Henri Grémont, based on the novella Hérodias (1877) by Gustave Flaubert.

Portrait of Daniel Auber, 1827, by Hortense Haudebourt-Lescot

Daniel Auber

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French composer and director of the Paris Conservatoire.

French composer and director of the Paris Conservatoire.

Portrait of Daniel Auber, 1827, by Hortense Haudebourt-Lescot
Auber's father, c. 1806
Auber, c. 1830
Eugène Scribe, Auber's principal librettist from 1822 to 1860
Le Cheval de bronze, 1835
Auber by Nadar, late 1860s
Le premier jour de bonheur (1868)
La Muette de Portici, 1828
Opening of Benedictus No 2, for voice, harp and organ, c. 1855

Ernest Guiraud, Théodore Dubois and Jules Massenet.

Original poster for the premiere

Esclarmonde

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Original poster for the premiere

Esclarmonde is an opéra (opéra romanesque) in four acts and eight tableaux, with prologue and epilogue, by Jules Massenet, to a French libretto by Alfred Blau and Louis Ferdinand de Gramont.

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Camille Saint-Saëns

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French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era.

French composer, organist, conductor and pianist of the Romantic era.

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The rue du Jardinet, site of Saint-Saëns's birthplace
Saint-Saëns as a boy
The old Paris Conservatoire building, where Saint-Saëns studied
The church of Saint-Merri, Paris, where Saint-Saëns was organist, 1853–57
Gabriel Fauré, pupil, protégé and lifelong friend of Saint-Saëns, as a student, 1864
Awarding Saint-Saëns first prize, Paris, 1867: clockwise from top left, Berlioz, Gounod, Rossini and Verdi
Saint-Saëns in 1875, the year of his marriage
Scene from ''Le timbre d'argent
Saint-Saëns's Henry VIII at the Paris Opéra, 1883
Saint-Saëns photographed by Nadar
Saint-Saëns, photographed by Pierre Petit in 1900
Saint-Saëns at the piano for his planned farewell concert in 1913, conducted by Pierre Monteux
Portrait of Camille Saint-Saëns by Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant, 1898
Saint-Saëns modelled his symphonic poems on those of Liszt, seen here on a postcard inscribed to Fauré
Samson et Dalila at the Paris Opéra, 1892: Samson (Edmond Vergnet) destroys the Philistine temple
Pierre Corneille, Alphonse de Lamartine, Victor Hugo and Herman Klein, whose words Saint-Saëns set in songs and choral works
Saint-Saëns's tomb in Montparnasse Cemetery

The Société Nationale de Musique, with its motto, "Ars Gallica", had been established in February 1871, with Bussine as president, Saint-Saëns as vice-president and Henri Duparc, Fauré, Franck and Jules Massenet among its founder-members.