A report on Kazakhstan

Approximate extent of Scythia within the area of distribution of Eastern Iranian languages (shown in orange) in the 1st century BC

Cuman–Kipchak confederation in Eurasia circa 1200. The Kazakhs are descendants of Kipchaks, Nogais and other Turkic and medieval Mongol tribes

Ural Cossacks skirmish with Kazakhs (the Russians originally called the Kazakhs "Kirgiz")

Young Pioneers at a Young Pioneer camp in Kazakh SSR

The International Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978, known as the Alma-Ata Declaration

The Monument of Independence, Republic Square, Almaty

Satellite image of Kazakhstan (November 2004)

The Kazakh Steppe is part of the Eurasian Steppe Belt (in on the map)

Kazakhstan map of Köppen climate classification

President Nazarbayev with U.S. President Barack Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in 2012

President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev with
Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2019

Member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)

A proportional representation of Kazakhstan exports, 2019

Aktau is Kazakhstan's only seaport on the Caspian Sea

Kazakhstan has the largest proven oil reserves in the Caspian Sea region.

Train 22 Kyzylorda – Semipalatinsk, hauled by a Kazakhstan Temir Zholy 2TE10U diesel locomotive. Picture taken near Aynabulak, Kazakhstan

Trends in research expenditure in Central Asia, as a percentage of GDP, 2001–2013. Source: UNESCO Science Report: 2030 (2015), Figure 14.3

Group of Kazakhstan physicists in collaboration with Uzbek researchers working at the ion accelerator DC-60

Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world's oldest and largest operational spaceport

Central Asian ethnolinguistic patchwork, 1992

Kazakhstanis on a Lake Jasybay beach, Pavlodar Region

Khazret Sultan Mosque is the biggest mosque in Kazakhstan

A Kazakhstan performer demonstrates the long equestrian heritage as part of the gala concert during the opening ceremonies of the Central Asian Peacekeeping Battalion

Kanysh Satpayev, one of the founders of Soviet era metallogeny, principal advocate and the first president of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences

1965 Soviet stamp honouring Kazakh essayist and poet Abai Qunanbaiuly

A-Studio was created in 1982 in Almaty, then called Alma-Ata, hence called "Alma-Ata Studio"

International Astana Action Film Festival, 2010

Timur Bekmambetov, a notable Kazakh director

Transcontinental landlocked country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe.

- Kazakhstan

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Bukhara under siege by Red Army troops and burning, 1 September 1920

Basmachi movement

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Uprising against Russian Imperial and Soviet rule by the Muslim peoples of Central Asia.

Emir Sayeed Alim Khan of Bukhara (1880–1944), the last Emir of Bukhara.

Negotiations with Basmachi, Fergana, 1921

Habibullah Kalakani pictured with his followers in Afghanistan, gave a safe haven for Basmachi fighters

This caused the Central Asian revolt of 1916, centered in modern-day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, which was put down by martial law.

Baikonur Cosmodrome

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A U-2 spy plane photograph of R-7 launch pad in Tyuratam, taken on 5 August 1957.

A Soyuz rocket is erected into position at the Baikonur Cosmodrome's Pad 1/5 (Gagarin's Start) on 24 March 2009. The rocket launched the crew of Expedition 19 and a spaceflight participant on 26 March 2009.

A Soyuz TMA-16 launch vehicle being transported to launchpad at Baikonur in 2009.

The Baikonur Cosmodrome (Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, ; Космодром Байконур, ) is a spaceport in an area of southern Kazakhstan leased to Russia.

Silk Road extending from Europe through Asia. Overland routes are red, and the maritime routes are blue.

Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor

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UNESCO World Heritage Site which covers the Chang'an-Tianshan portion of the ancient Silk Road and historical sites along the route.

The corridor spans China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and includes 33 new sites and several previously designated heritage sites.

Serıkbolsyn Äbdıldin, party leader from 1996 to 2010

Communist Party of Kazakhstan

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The Communist Party of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Коммунистік партиясы, Qazaqstan Kommunistık Partiasy, QKP; Коммунистическая партия Казахстана) is a banned political party in Kazakhstan.

Senate of Kazakhstan

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The Senate of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Parlamentınıñ Senaty, Қазақстан Парламентінің Сенаты) is the upper house of two chambers in Kazakhstan's legislature, known as the Parliament (Parlamenti).

A 'bred back' Heck Horse, said to resemble the now-extinct Tarpan

Domestication of the horse

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A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.

Replica of a horse painting from a cave in Lascaux

Equus caballus germanicus front leg, teeth and upper jaw at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin

The early stages of domestication were marked by a rapid increase in coat color variation.

Chariots of Ramesses II and the Hittites in the Battle of Kadesh, 1274 BCE

Depiction of a mounted warrior from the Pazyryk burials, c. 300 BCE

Discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.

The Ural Mountains (Урал тауҙары, Ural tauźarı) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.

Abul Khair Khan

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Stamp of Kazakhstan devoted to Abul Khair Khan, 2001 (Michel 316)

Mirza Abū'l-Khair Mūhammed Khan bin Qājı Abdūllah Sultan (, ميرزا أبو الخير محمد خان بن حاجي عبد الله سلطان, romanized: Myrza Äbılqaiyr Mūhammed Han bin Qajy Abdūllah Sūltan), more commonly known by his short name Abū'l-Khair Khan (1693–1748) was leader of the Kazakh Little jüz in present-day western and central Kazakhstan.

Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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A hall in the National Defense University featuring national symbols as well as a photo of its patron, Nursultan Nazarbayev, in full dress uniform.

Cadets of the Military Institute of the Kazakh Ground Forces march in the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade.

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Республикасының Қарулы Күштері, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Qaruly Küşterı, Вооружённые силы Республики Казахстан) is the unified armed forces of Kazakhstan.

Lake Zaysan

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Lake Zaysan (Зайсан көлі, Zaısan kóli, زايسان كؤلئ, ; Зайсан нуур, Zaisan nuur, en: Noble lake; Озеро Зайсан, Ozero Zajsan;, Xiao'erjing: جَىْصْا پْ; ) is a freshwater lake, ca. 1,810 km² (700 mi²), in eastern Kazakhstan, in a hollow between the Altai and the Tarbagatai Mountains.