A report on WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, Ketamine and Morphine

2017 marked the 40th anniversary of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
Major routes of ketamine metabolism.
A localized reaction to intravenous morphine caused by histamine release in the veins
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of aspirin
Preparation of Ketamine.
Before the Morphine by Santiago Rusiñol
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole
Morphine Hydrochloride Ampoule for Veterinary Use
Pure crystals of ethambutol
Latex bleeding from a freshly-scored seed pod
Two capsules of atazanavir
Morphine biosynthesis in the opium poppy
Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma
Chemical structure of morphine. The benzylisoquinoline backbone is shown in green.
A vial of oral cholera vaccine
Morphine structure showing its standard ring lettering and carbon numbering system.
Same structure, but in a three-dimensional perspective.
First generation production of alkaloids from licit latex-derived opium
Friedrich Sertürner
Advertisement for curing morphine addiction, c. 1900
An ampoule of morphine with integral needle for immediate use. Also known as a "syrette". From WWII. On display at the Army Medical Services Museum.
Example of different morphine tablets
Two capsules (5 mg & 10 mg) of morphine sulfate extended- release
1 milliliter ampoule containing 10 mg of morphine

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

- Ketamine

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

- Morphine

Ketamine

- WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

Adjunctive to morphine or on its own, ketamine reduces morphine use, pain level, nausea, and vomiting after surgery.

- Ketamine

Morphine

- WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

The effects of morphine can be countered with opioid receptor antagonists such as naloxone and naltrexone; the development of tolerance to morphine may be inhibited by NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine or dextromethorphan.

- Morphine
2017 marked the 40th anniversary of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

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