A report on Mugham, Shusha and Khananda

Mugham performer khananda Seyid Shushinski (second from left) with his ensemble in 1916
A traditional Azeri mugham trio with the khananda (left) as the daf-player
Uzeyir Hajibeyov merged traditional Azerbaijani music styles with Western styles early in the 20th century.
Saint John the Baptist Church (Kanach Zham), built in 1818.
Alim Gasimov performs mugham in Eurovision Song Contest
Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque, completed in 1885.
Mugham performers in Baku. From left (tar, daf, kamancha)
The Palace of Khurshidbanu Natavan, the daughter of the last ruler of Karabakh Khanate, late 19th-early 20th centuries
Alim Gasimov on the semi-final allocation draw ceremony of Eurovision Song Contest 2012
The Armenian quarters of Shusha – with the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in the background – in the early 20th century, before their destruction by Azerbaijani military units in 1920
19th-century map
Shusha fortress in 2021
Ashaghi Govhar Agha Mosque, opened in 1876
Ghazanchetsots Cathedral, opened in 1887
A photo taken in 1918 of the Karabakh reconciliation commission, composed of religious leaders and elders of both Armenian and Azerbaijani communities
Armenian half of Shusha destroyed by Azerbaijani armed forces in 1920, with the defiled cathedral of the Holy Savior and Aguletsots church on the background
Ruins of the Armenian part of Shusha after the 1920 pogrom with the church of the Holy Mother of God "Kanach Zham" in the background
View from the town
A T-72 tank standing as a memorial commemorating the capture of Shusha by the Armenian forces
Part of Shusha in ruins in 2010
Celebrations in Baku, Azerbaijan on 8 November.
Azerbaijani composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov (top left) with his family in Shusha, 1915
Armenian composer Grikor Mirzaian Suni with his chorus in Shushi (1902)
Shusha in 2015
Shusha as seen from the road approaching the town
Karabakh reconciliation commission, composed of religious leaders and elders of both Armenian and Azerbaijani communities in Shusha in 1906–07

A khananda (xanəndə خواننده ; ; alternative spellings in English: khanende, khanande, khanandeh) is a name generally given to singers of mugham, an Azeri folk music genre.

- Khananda

The town of Shusha of Karabakh, was particularly renowned for this art.

- Mugham

Over the course of the 19th century, the town grew in size to become a city, and was home to many Armenian and Azerbaijani intellectuals, poets, writers and musicians (including Azerbaijani ashiks, mugham singers and kobuz players).

- Shusha

Being home to most of Azerbaijan's renowned classical musicians, the city of Shusha became the main cultural centre of Azeri folk music and the arts often referred to as the "conservatory of the Caucasus".

- Khananda

Many of mugham khanandas were known as country-loving, powerful, respectful characters, and mugham was popularly associated with sign of pain and hope during First Nagorno-Karabakh War.

- Mugham

Khan Shushinski (1901–1979), was an Azerbaijani khananda folk singer.

- Shusha
Mugham performer khananda Seyid Shushinski (second from left) with his ensemble in 1916

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