A report on Kingdom of Bohemia and Přemyslid dynasty

Last three Přemyslid kings according to illumination from the Chronicon Aulae regiae: Přemysl Ottokar II (one crown – Bohemia), Wenceslaus II (two crowns – Bohemia and Poland) and Wenceslaus III (three crowns – Hungary, Bohemia and Poland)

The Kingdom of Bohemia and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire (1618)

Bohemian king Wenceslaus II as the King of Poland, a romantic drawing by Jan Matejko (1892)

Territories ruled by Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1273

Maximum extent of the kingdom under Ottokar II, c. 1276

The oldest depiction of coat of arms of Bohemia, castle Gozzoburg in Krems

Territory under the control of the Přemyslids, c. 1301:
Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Poland
Probable extent of territory under control of Wenceslaus III in Hungary
Vassals

Wenceslaus II as depicted in the Codex Manesse

Territories under the control of the Přemyslid dynasty around 1301

Prague Castle, the ancient seat of Bohemian dukes and kings, Roman kings and emperors, and after 1918 the office of the Czechoslovak and Czech presidents

Kutná Hora, a medieval silver-mining centre, was once the second most important town of the kingdom.

Coat of arms of the Austrian province of Bohemia by Hugo Gerard Ströhl

Ströhl's unofficial artwork of the Coat of arms of the kingdom (with the Crown of Saint Wenceslas, Bohemian Crown Jewels part)

Bohemia and Lands of the Bohemian Crown in 1618

Administrative divisions of Bohemia in 1712

Administrative divisions of Bohemia in 1847

Administrative divisions of Bohemia in 1893

The Přemyslid dynasty or House of Přemyslid (Přemyslovci, Premysliden, Przemyślidzi) was a Bohemian royal dynasty which reigned in the Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia (9th century–1306), as well as in parts of Poland (including Silesia), Hungary, and Austria.

- Přemyslid dynasty

The kingdom was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century from the Duchy of Bohemia, later ruled by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

- Kingdom of Bohemia

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Charles IV in the Votive Panel of Jan Očko of Vlašim

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

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The first King of Bohemia to become Holy Roman Emperor.

Coat of arms of the House of Luxembourg–Bohemia

Arms of Charles IV as Holy Roman Emperor

Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by Charles IV

Bust of Charles IV in St. Vitus Cathedral, 1370s

Charles's possessions at the signing of the Golden Bull of 1356.

Meeting with Charles V of France in Paris in 1378, from a fifteenth-century manuscript in the Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal

Statue of Charles IV near Charles Bridge (1848), Prague, by Ernst Julius Hähnel

He was a member of the House of Luxembourg from his father's side and the Bohemian House of Přemyslid from his mother's side; he emphasized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Bohemian side of his inheritance, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid line included two saints.

Having played a tremendous part in the political and cultural history of the Kingdom of Bohemia, he remains a very popular figure in the Czech Republic.

Ottokar II of Bohemia

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At the peak of his power, Ottokar II's realm stretched from the Sudetes to the Adriatic Sea.

In the painting, Přemysl Otakar II: The Union of Slavic Dynasties (1924), part of Alphonse Mucha's 20-canvas work The Slav Epic, Ottokar is depicted at his niece's wedding celebration, forging alliances with other Slavic rulers in attendance.

Burial crown of Ottokar II of Bohemia at Prague Castle

Tomb of Ottokar II in St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague

Ottokar II Přemysl in a miniature from the Gelnhausen Codex

Ottokar is accepted as Duke of Austria in 1251. A painting by Jan Goth, 1936

Depiction in the Zbraslav Chronicle by Peter of Zittau, 14th century

Otacarvs II. rex, statue by Ludwig von Schwanthaler (1847) placed at the National Museum in Prague (symbol of keep at his right foot is reminiscent of the many castles and towns, which he founded)

Ottokar II (Přemysl Otakar II.; c. 1233, in Městec Králové, Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his death in 1278.

Named after his grandfather King Přemysl Ottokar I, he was originally educated for the role of an ecclesiastical administrator, while his elder brother Vladislaus was designated heir of the Bohemian kingdom.

Bohemia

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Westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic.

An 1892 map showing Bohemia proper outlined in pink, Moravia in yellow, and Austrian Silesia in orange

The coat of arms of the Přemyslid dynasty (until 1253–1262)

The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia

The radical Hussites became known as Taborites, after the town of Tábor that became their center

Bohemia as the heart of Europa regina; Sebastian Münster, Basel, 1570

Bohemia (westernmost area) in Czechoslovakia 1918–1938

Linguistic map of interwar Czechoslovakia (c. 1930)

A panorama of Kłodzko, the capital city of Kłodzko Land, which is referred to as "Little Prague"

Lands of the Bohemian Crown (until 1635), map by Josef Pekař, 1921

Bohemia was a duchy of Great Moravia, later an independent principality, a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire, and subsequently a part of the Habsburg monarchy and the Austrian Empire.

A native monarchy arose to the throne, and Bohemia came under the rule of the Přemyslid dynasty, which would rule the Czech lands for the next several hundred years.

The Habsburg dominions around 1200 in the area of modern-day Switzerland are shown as, among the houses of, and

House of Habsburg

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One of the most prominent dynasties in European history.

Map showing the constituent lands of the Archduchy of Austria: the Duchy of Austria, comprising Upper Austria centered on Linz, and Lower Austria centered on Vienna; Inner Austria, centered on Graz, comprising the duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, and the lands of the Austrian Littoral; and Further Austria, comprising mostly the Sundgau territory with the town of Belfort in southern Alsace, the adjacent Breisgau region east of the Rhine, and usually the County of Tyrol. The area between Further Austria and the Duchy of Austria was the Archbishopric of Salzburg.

Habsburg lands (in green), following the Battle of Mühlberg in 1547; excludes Holy Roman Empire, and the Spanish colonial empire

The Iberian Union in 1598, under Philip II, King of Spain and Portugal

The Spanish and Austrian Habsburg European lands, ca 1700

An ethno-linguistic map of Austria–Hungary, 1910

"PLUS OULTRE", motto of Charles V in French, on a ceiling of the Palace of Charles V in Granada

Arms of the Counts of Habsburgs. The Habsburgs all but abandoned this for the arms of Austria. It only reappeared in their triarch family arms in 1805.

Coat of Arms of the Mexican Empire adopted by Maximilian I in 1864

Current personal arms of the head of the house of Habsburg, claiming only the personal title of Archduke

The house also produced kings of Bohemia, Hungary, Croatia, Spain, Portugal and Galicia-Lodomeria, with their respective colonies; rulers of several principalities in the Low Countries and Italy; and in the 19th century, emperors of Austria and of Austria-Hungary as well as one emperor of Mexico.

After Václav III’s death on 4 August 1306, there were no male heirs remaining in the Přemyslid dynasty.

Wenceslaus II of Bohemia

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King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1300–1305).

Territory under the control of the Přemyslids, c. 1301

He was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.

The Kingdom of Bohemia was the largest producer of silver in Europe in his time.

Battle on the Marchfeld

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Decisive event for the history of Central Europe for the following centuries.

Movements of the opposing forces prior to the battle (in German)

The ground was ideal for a cavalry battle

Battle of Rudolph of Habsburg against Ottokar of Bohemia. A drawing by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, 1835

Monument erected in 1978 on the battlefield between the villages Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen

Kings Ladislaus and Rudolph of Habsburg meet over the dead body of King Ottokar. A romantic painting by Mór Than, 1872. Such patriotic-tinged works were common in the Czech, German or Hungarian settings during the 19th century

The opponents were a Bohemian (Czech) army led by the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia and the German army under the German king Rudolph I of Habsburg in alliance with King Ladislaus IV of Hungary.

Seal of Rudolf I inscribed: RUDOLFUS DEI GRACIA ROMANORUM REX SEMPER AUGUSTUS ("Rudolf by the grace of God King of the Romans, ever majestic")

Rudolf I of Germany

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The first King of Germany from the House of Habsburg.

Originally a Swabian count, he was the first Habsburg to acquire the duchies of Austria and Styria in opposition to his mighty rival, the Přemyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia, whom he defeated in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld.

Rudolf then re-invested Ottokar with the Kingdom of Bohemia, betrothed one of his daughters to Ottokar's son Wenceslaus II, and made a triumphal entry into Vienna.

Margraviate of Moravia

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One of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire existing from 1182 to 1918.

The Margraviate of Moravia and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire (1618)

Sitting of the Moravian Diet, 17th century

The former Moravian Diet building. It now houses the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic.

The unadopted coat of arms as a heraldic artwork made by Hugo Gerard Ströhl

Moravian and Austrian Silesian districts, 1897

Judicial districts (Gerichtsbezirke) in Moravia

It was variously a de facto independent state, and also subject to the Duchy, later the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Temporarily ruled by King Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland from 999 until 1019, Moravia was re-conquered by Duke Oldřich of Bohemia and ultimately became a land of the Crown of Saint Wenceslas held by the Přemyslid dynasty.

Prague

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Capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia.

The mythological princess Libuše prophesies the glory of Prague.

A model representing Prague Castle and its surroundings in the year 1000

The St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague was founded in 1344

The Prague astronomical clock was first installed in 1410, making it the third-oldest astronomical clock in the world and the oldest one still working.

Depiction of the "Prague Banner" (municipal flag dated to the 16th century).

Monument to František Palacký, a significant member of the Czech National Revival

Statue of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk near Prague Castle

Prague liberated by the Red Army in May 1945

Map of Prague cadastral areas and administrative districts

Veletržní palác houses the largest collection of National Gallery art

Rudolfinum, a concert and exhibition hall

Prague Congress Centre has hosted the IMF-WBG meeting and NATO summit

U Medvídků (A.D. 1466), one of the oldest pubs in Europe

Žižkov Television Tower with crawling "babies"

Na příkopě, the most expensive street among the states of V4

Tourism is a significant part of the city's economy

Franz Kafka monument, next to the Spanish synagogue

The Child Jesus of Prague, religious statue and shrine

Charles University, founded in 1348, was the first university in Central Europe

Headquarters of the Galileo system in Prague's Holešovice

Škoda 15 T, tram of the Prague tram system

Staroměstská metro station of Prague Metro

Barrandov Bridge, part of the Prague Inner Ring Road

Prague main train station is the largest and busiest train station in the country

Václav Havel Airport Prague is one of the busiest airports in central Europe, carrying 16.8 millions of passengers in 2018

The O2 Arena was built to host the 2004 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships

Petřín Lookout Tower, an observation tower inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, and built at Petřín hill.

The Charles Bridge is a historic bridge from the 14th century

Prague Castle is the biggest ancient castle in the world

Old Town Square featuring Church of Our Lady before Týn and Old Town City Hall with Prague Orloj

St. Nicholas Church in Malá Strana is the best example of the Baroque style in Prague

Vyšehrad fortress contains Basilica of St Peter and St Paul, the Vyšehrad Cemetery and the oldest Rotunda of St. Martin

Míru Square with Vinohrady Theatre and Church of St. Ludmila

National Theatre offers opera, drama, ballet and other performances

Výstaviště compound contains Průmyslový palác, Křižík's Light Fountain and host funfair Lunapark

Old New Synagogue is Europe's oldest active synagogue. Legend has Golem lying in the loft

National Monument on Vítkov Hill, the statue of Jan Žižka is the third largest bronze equestrian statue in the world

Prague Zoo, selected in 2015 as the fourth best zoo in the world by TripAdvisor

It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV (r.

Another view to the origin of name is also related to the Czech word práh (with the meaning of a threshold) and a legendary etymology connects the name of the city with princess Libuše, prophetess and a wife of mythical founder of the Přemyslid dynasty.

Duchy of Bohemia

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Monarchy and a principality of the Holy Roman Empire in Central Europe during the Early and High Middle Ages.

Duchy of Bohemia within the Holy Roman Empire, 11th century

Great Moravia under the rule of Svatopluk I (871–894)

Duchy of Bohemia under Boleslaus I. and Boleslaus II.

Duchy of Bohemia within Central Europe in 919-1125

Territory under the control of the Přemyslid dynasty around 1301

While the Bohemian dukes of the Přemyslid dynasty, at first ruling at Prague Castle and Levý Hradec, brought further estates under their control, the Christianization initiated by Saints Cyril and Methodius was continued by the Frankish bishops of Regensburg and Passau.

The Duchy of Bohemia was raised to a hereditary Kingdom of Bohemia, when Duke Ottokar I ensured his elevation by the German king Philip of Swabia in 1198.