Lahore and Related Topics

Punjab, Pakistan

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One of the four provinces of Pakistan.

Punjab was part of the Vedic Civilization

Location of Punjab, Pakistan and the extent of the Indus Valley Civilisation sites in and around it

Modern painting of Bulleh Shah (1680–1757), a Punjabi Muslim Sufi poet who has hugely impacted the region

Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s court at Lahore Fort, by August Schoefft

The Faisalabad Clock Tower was built during the rule of the British Empire

Punjab features mountainous terrain near the hill station of Murree.

The route from Dera Ghazi Khan to Fort Munro

A demonstration by Punjabis at Lahore, Pakistan, demanding to make Punjabi as official language of instruction in schools of the Punjab.

Main entrance to The university of Sargodha

Government college for Women, Rawalpindi

Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, Multan (1320 AD)

Punjab is famous for various shrines of Sufi saints and Data durbar in particular

Badshahi Mosque, built by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb at Lahore

Camel saddle created in Multan or in other parts of Pakistan. It is very different from Multani Khussa

Matki earthen pot, a clay vase exhibition

Lahore Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Katas Raj Temples (Sardar of Hari Singh's Haveli)

Clock Tower at Govt College University, Lahore

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Auditorium in Faisalabad

A view of Murree, a famous hill station of Punjab

Different shapes of clay pots mostly made in Gujrat

Tilla Jogian Jhelum, scenic peak in Punjab considered sacred by Hindus

The province's capital is Lahore—a cultural, historical, economic, and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan, where the country's cinema industry and much of its fashion industry are based.

Pakistan

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Country in South Asia.

Indus Priest King Statue from Mohenjo-Daro.

Standing Buddha from Gandhara, Greco-Buddhist art, 1st–2nd century AD.

Clock Tower, Faisalabad, built by the British government in the 19th century

Queen Elizabeth II was the last monarch of independent Pakistan, before it became a republic in 1956.

Signing of the Tashkent Declaration to end hostilities with India in 1965 in Tashkent, USSR, by President Ayub alongside Bhutto (centre) and Aziz Ahmed (left)

President George W. Bush meets with President Musharraf in Islamabad during his 2006 visit to Pakistan.

The Friday Prayers at the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore

A satellite image showing the topography of Pakistan

Köppen climate classification of Pakistan

President of Pakistan Ayub Khan with US President John F. Kennedy in 1961

Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan at the 2019 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit

Pakistan Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signing the Treaty of Friendship Between China and Pakistan. Pakistan is host to China's largest embassy.

The areas shown in green are the Pakistani-controlled areas.

Hunza Valley in the Gilgit-Baltistan region is part of Pakistani-controlled Kashmir.

Pakistan Air Force's JF-17 Thunder flying in front of the 26660 ft Nanga Parbat

Statue of a bull outside the Pakistan Stock Exchange, Islamabad, Pakistan

Surface mining in Sindh. Pakistan has been termed the 'Saudi Arabia of Coal' by Forbes.

Television assembly factory in Lahore. Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 20.3% of the GDP, and is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises.

Rising skyline of Karachi with several under construction skyscrapers.

Lake Saiful Muluk, located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley, near the town of Naran in the Saiful Muluk National Park.

Badshahi Mosque was commissioned by the Mughals in 1671. It is listed as a World Heritage Site.

Tarbela Dam, the largest earth filled dam in the world, was constructed in 1968.

Pakistan produced 1,135 megawatts of renewable energy for the month of October 2016. Pakistan expects to produce 3,000 megawatts of renewable energy by the beginning of 2019.

The motorway passes through the Salt Range mountains

Port of Karachi is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum)

Track of Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metrobus with adjoining station

Central Library of University of Sargodha

Malala Yousafzai at the Women of the World festival in 2014.

Pakistan hosts the second largest refugee population globally after Turkey. An Afghan refugee girl near Tarbela Dam

Faisal Mosque, built in 1986 by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay on behalf of King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia

Havana at Shri Hinglaj Mata temple shakti peetha, the largest Hindu pilgrimage centre in Pakistan. The annual Hinglaj Yathra is attended by more than 250,000 people.

Truck art is a distinctive feature of Pakistani culture.

People in traditional clothing in Neelum District

Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistan's national poet who conceived the idea of Pakistan

The Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam is part of Pakistan's Sufi heritage.

Minar-e-Pakistan is a national monument marking Pakistan's independence movement.

Located on the bank of Arabian Sea in Karachi, Port Grand is one of the largest food streets of Asia.

Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore is the 3rd largest cricket stadium in Pakistan with a seating capacity of 27,000 spectators.

In the region of modern-day Pakistan, key cities during the Mughal period were Lahore and Thatta, both of which were chosen as the site of impressive Mughal buildings.

Multan

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City and capital of Multan Division located in Punjab, Pakistan.

Multan is famous for its large number of Sufi shrines, including the unique rectangular tomb of Shah Gardez that dates from the 1150s and is covered in blue enameled tiles typical of Multan.

The shrine of Shamsuddin Sabzwari dates from 1330, and has a unique green dome.

The Mausoleum of Shah Ali Akbar dating from the 1580s was built in the regional style that is typical of Multan's shrines.

Multan's Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam is considered to be the earliest Tughluq era monument.

The 15th century Multani Caravanserai in Baku, Azerbaijan, was built to house visiting Multani merchants in the city.

Multan's Shahi Eid Gah Mosque dates from 1735 and is decorated with elaborate and intricate Mughal era frescoes.

Diwan Sawan Mal Chopra, the governor of Multan and Lahore.

Multan's "Bloody Bastion" was the site of fierce fighting during the Siege of Multan in 1848–49.

Multan's Ghanta Ghar dates from the British colonial period, and was built in the Indo-Saracenic style.

Multan's is home to a significant Christian minority.

Multan's Sufi shrines are often decorated during annual Urs festivals. Pictured is the Wali Muhammad Shah shrine.

Multan Cantonment railway station serves as the city's main railway station.

Multan International Airport offers flights throughout Pakistan, and direct flights to Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

The tomb of Khawaja Awais Kagha displays use of traditional Multan tile-work on both its exterior and interior.

The 10th century Hudud al-'Alam notes that Multan's rulers were also in control of Lahore, though that city was then lost to the Hindu Shahi.

Punjab

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Geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India.

Taxila in Pakistan is a World Heritage Site

Menander I Soter (165/155 – 130 BCE), conqueror of the Punjab, carved out a Greek kingdom in the Punjab and ruled the Punjab until his death in 130BC.

A section of the Lahore Fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar

Dominant Mother Tongue in each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

Historically, Lahore has been the capital of the Punjab region and continues to be the most populous city in the region at 11 million cities' proper population.

Sikh Empire

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State originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Ranjit Singh, who established an empire based in the Punjab.

Sikh Empire in 1839 (shown on map with modern national borders)

The expanding empire in 1809 CE. The Cis-Sutlej states are visible south of the Sutlej river

The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh is located in Lahore, Pakistan, adjacent to the iconic Badshahi Mosque

Ranjit Singh, {{Circa|1830}}.<ref>Miniature painting from the photo album of princely families in the Sikh and Rajput territories by Colonel James Skinner (1778–1841)</ref>

{{center|1=Ranjit Singh listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited near the Akal Takht and Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India.}}

Sikh warrior helmet with butted mail neckguard, 1820–1840, iron overlaid with gold with mail neckguard of iron and brass

The empire existed from 1799, when Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered in the Second Anglo-Sikh War.

The Neevin Mosque is one of Lahore's few remaining medieval era buildings.

Walled City of Lahore

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The Walled City's Hazuri Bagh is a quadrangle at the centre of an ensemble of monuments including the Badshahi Mosque, Lahore Fort, Roshnai Gate, and the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh.

The Tomb of Jahangir was built just outside the Walled City, in an area known as Shahdara Bagh.

The Shah Jahan period Wazir Khan Mosque is considered to be the most ornately decorated Mughal-era mosque.

The Gurdwara Janam Asthan Guru Ram Das was built within the Walled City at the birthplace and childhood home of Guru Ram Das, the 4th Guru of Sikhism.

The area around the Wazir Khan Mosque exemplifies the Walled City's urban form

Gali Surjan Singh typifies the Walled City's dense construction along narrow passageways.

The Alamgiri Gate serves as the main entrance to the Lahore Fort, and faces the Hazuri Bagh quadrangle.

Lahore's Badshahi Mosque dates from the late 1600s, and was the last of the grand Mughal imperial mosques to be built.

Wazir Khan Mosque is renowned for its intricate and extensive embellishment.

The Sunehri Mosque is named for its gilded domes.

The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh was built next to the iconic Badshahi Mosque.

The Gurdwara Dera Sahib was built where the 5th Guru of Sikhism is believed to have died in 1606.

The Haveli of Nau Nihal Singh is the most notable surviving example of Sikh architecture in Lahore.

The Shahi Hammam is known for its extensive collection of Mughal frescoes.

Outlets on the Fort Road Food Street specialize in Lahori cuisine.

Façades along the first phase of the Shahi Guzargah project near Delhi Gate have been rehabilitated, while power lines were placed underground.

The Walled City of Lahore (Punjabi &, "Inner City"), also known as Old City, forms the historic core of Lahore, Pakistan.

A view of the fort's iconic Alamigiri Gate

Lahore Fort

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Lahore Fort is located across the Hazuri Bagh from the Badshahi Mosque (foreground).

A picture showing the Lahore Fort (Alamgiri Gate in background) and Hazuri Bagh Pavilion (foreground) in 1870.

The use of elephant-shaped column brackets in buildings of the Lahore Fort reflects the influence of Hindu motifs on Mughal architecture during the reign of Akbar.

The fort's massive Picture Wall dates from the Jahangir period.

The fort's iconic Alamgiri Gate was built during the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb.

Ath Dara, built during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and used as his court.

The fort, as seen from the northeast minaret of the Badshahi Mosque.

The marble Naulakha Pavilion is one of the most iconic sights at the fort.

The Picture Wall features mosaics depicting a myriad of scenes.

The Sheesh Mahal is elaborately decorated with a myriad of reflective glass tiles.

The Summer Palace is a labyrinth of chambers that was used as a residence during the hot summer months.

The Diwan-i-Khas is where the Emperor would attend to state affairs.

The current Diwan-i-Aam is a reconstruction undertaken during the British era.

The Sikh-era Sehdari, or "Three-doored pavilion" served as an office for Faqir Syed Noor-ud-din, a trusted Governor of Ranjit Singh.

Lahore's Moti Masjid is the earliest of three Mughal "Pearl Mosques." The two others are the one in Agra and the other in Delhi.

Akbari Gate as seen from within the fort complex.

The Lahore Fort is a citadel in the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited at the Golden Temple, Amritsar

Sikhs ( or ; ਸਿੱਖ, ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian Subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak.

Gurdwara Janam Asthan, the birthplace of Guru Nanak

The Samadhi of Emperor Ranjit Singh in Lahore, Pakistan

A Sikh Khalsa Army sowar's battle helmet

Kanga, Kara and Kirpan: three of the five Sikh articles of faith

India's Sikh population and their percentage of the total population

Map showing world Sikh population areas and historical migration patterns (2004 estimate)

Sikhs in the First World War, marching with their scripture, Guru Granth Sahib

French postcard depicting the arrival of the 15th Sikh Regiment in France during World War I; the bilingual postcard reads, "Gentlemen of India marching to chasten the German hooligans"

Indian sikh soldiers in Italian campaign

Sikh soldier with captured Swastika flag of Nazi Germany

Japanese soldiers shooting blindfolded Sikh prisoners in World War II

Sikhs in London protesting against Indian government actions

Opaque watercolour-on-paper Nakashi art; about 1880, by an unknown artist from Lahore or Amritsar, and used to decorate the walls of Harmandir Sahib

Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the founder of Sikhism, was born, in a Hindu family to Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta in the village of Talwandi, present-day Nankana Sahib, near Lahore.

Prevailing religions of the British Indian Empire (1901)

Partition of India

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The partition of India in 1947 divided British India into two independent dominions: India and Pakistan.

British Indian Empire in The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909. British India is shaded pink, the princely states yellow.

Indian medical orderlies attending to wounded soldiers with the Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force in Mesopotamia during World War I

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (seated in the carriage, on the right, eyes downcast, with black flat-top hat) receives a big welcome in Karachi in 1916 after his return to India from South Africa

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, seated, third from the left, was a supporter of the Lucknow Pact, which, in 1916, ended the three-way rift between the Extremists, the Moderates and the League

Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, and Maulana Azad at the 1940 Ramgarh session of the Congress in which Azad was elected president for the second time

Chaudhari Khaliquzzaman (left) seconding the 1940 Lahore Resolution of the All-India Muslim League with Jinnah (right) presiding, and Liaquat Ali Khan centre

The Partition of India: green regions were all part of Pakistan by 1948, and orange ones part of India. The darker-shaded regions represent the Punjab and Bengal provinces partitioned by the Radcliffe Line. The grey areas represent some of the key princely states that were eventually integrated into India or Pakistan.

Mountbatten with a countdown calendar to the Transfer of Power in the background

A refugee special train at Ambala Station during the partition of India

A crowd of Muslims at the Old Fort (Purana Qila) in Delhi, which had been converted into a vast camp for Muslim refugees waiting to be transported to Pakistan. Manchester Guardian, 27 September 1947.

Four nations (India, Pakistan, Dominion of Ceylon, and Union of Burma) that gained independence in 1947 and 1948

1909 Percentage of Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains.

In March 1940, in the League's annual three-day session in Lahore, Jinnah gave a two-hour speech in English, in which were laid out the arguments of the two-nation theory, stating, in the words of historians Talbot and Singh, that "Muslims and Hindus...were irreconcilably opposed monolithic religious communities and as such, no settlement could be imposed that did not satisfy the aspirations of the former."