A report on Lake

Lake Toba in North Sumatra, Indonesia is the largest volcanic lake in the world

Lake Sevan is the largest body of water in Armenia and the Caucasus region. It is one of the largest freshwater high-altitude (alpine) lakes in Eurasia.

Lake Tahoe on the border of California and Nevada

Atro/Attar Lake and pass, Ishkoman Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan

There are some 187,888 lakes in Finland larger than 500 square metres. Isojärvi is Finland's 97th-largest lake.

The shores of Lake Peipus, the fifth-largest lake in Europe, near the town of Kallaste in Estonia

The Seven Rila Lakes are a group of glacial lakes in the Bulgarian Rila mountains.

The crater lake of Mount Rinjani, Indonesia

Lake Kaniere is a glacial lake in the West Coast region of New Zealand.

The Nowitna River in Alaska. Two oxbow lakes – a short one at the bottom of the picture and a longer, more curved one at the middle-right.

These kettle lakes in Alaska were formed by a retreating glacier.

Lakes can have significant cultural importance. The West Lake of Hangzhou has inspired romantic poets throughout the ages, and has been an important influence on garden designs in China, Japan and Korea.

Lake of Flowers (Liqeni i Lulëve), one of the Lurë Mountains glacial lakes, Albania

Cross sectional diagram of limnological lake zones (left) and algal community types (right)

Ephemeral 'Lake Badwater', a lake only noted after heavy winter and spring rainfall, Badwater Basin, Death Valley National Park, 9 February 2005. Landsat 5 satellite photo

Badwater Basin dry lake, 15 February 2007. Landsat 5 satellite photo

Titan's north polar hydrocarbon seas and lakes, as seen in a false-color Cassini synthetic aperture radar mosaic

The Caspian Sea is either the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea

Area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.

- Lake

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Visualisation of the distribution (by volume) of water on Earth. Each tiny cube (such as the one representing biological water) corresponds to approximately 1400 cubic km of water, with a mass of approximately 1.4 trillion tonnes (235000 times that of the Great Pyramid of Giza or 8 times that of Lake Kariba, arguably the heaviest man-made object). The entire block comprises 1 million tiny cubes.

Fresh water

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Any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids.

$A graphical distribution of the locations of water on Earth. Only 3% of the Earth's water is fresh water. Most of it is in icecaps and glaciers (69%) and groundwater (30%), while all lakes, rivers and swamps combined only account for a small fraction (0.3%) of the Earth's total freshwater reserves.$

Fresh water may encompass frozen and meltwater in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, snowfields and icebergs, natural precipitations such as rainfall, snowfall, hail/sleet and graupel, and surface runoffs that form inland bodies of water such as wetlands, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, as well as groundwater contained in aquifers, subterranean rivers and lakes.

River

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Melting toe of Athabasca Glacier, Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada

The Colorado River at Horseshoe Bend, Arizona

The Porvoo River (Porvoonjoki) in the medieval town of Porvoo, Finland

Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. The Nile is an example of a wave-dominated delta that has the classic Greek letter delta (Δ) shape after which river deltas were named.

A radar image of a 400 km river of methane and ethane near the north pole of Saturn's moon Titan

Flash flooding caused by a large amount of rain falling in a short amount of time

The mouth of the River Seaton in Cornwall after heavy rain caused flooding and significant erosion of the beach.

Leisure activities on the River Avon at Avon Valley Country Park, Keynsham, United Kingdom. A boat giving trips to the public passes a moored private boat.

A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.

Groundwater

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Water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

Dzherelo, a common source of drinking water in a Ukrainian village

The entire surface water flow of the Alapaha River near Jennings, Florida, going into a sinkhole leading to the Floridan Aquifer groundwater

Groundwater may be extracted through a water well

Diagram of a water balance of the aquifer

Iron (III) oxide staining (after water capillary rise in a wall) caused by oxidation of dissolved iron (II) and its subsequent precipitation, from an unconfined aquifer in karst topography. Perth, Western Australia.

Groundwater withdrawal rates from the Ogallala Aquifer in the Central United States

Center-pivot irrigated fields in Kansas covering hundreds of square miles watered by the Ogallala Aquifer

Groundwaters sustain rivers, wetlands, and lakes, as well as subterranean ecosystems within karst or alluvial aquifers.

Pond

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A man made pond at sunset in Montgomery County, Ohio.

Stereoscopic image of a pond in Central City Park, Macon, GA, circa 1877.

Vegetated pond within the sand dunes of the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil

The Pond in Central Park in Manhattan, New York City

Pond formation through seeping groundwater in South Tufa, California

Ornamental pond with waterfall in Niagara Falls Rock Garden

A small agricultural retention pond in Swarzynice, Poland

Siddha Pokhari, a reservoir pond in Bhaktapur, Nepal

Azalea flowers around a still pond in London's Richmond Park

Common freshwater fish species include the Large Mouth and Small Mouth Bass, Catfish, Bluegill, and Sunfish such as the Pumpkinseed Sunfish shown above

Lakes are stratified into three separate sections: I. The Epilimnion II. The Metalimnion III. The Hypolimnion.
The scales are used to associate each section of the stratification to their corresponding depths and temperatures. The arrow is used to show the movement of wind over the surface of the water which initiates the turnover in the epilimnion and the hypolimnion.

A pond in winter experiencing inverse stratification

Artificial pond in front of the Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany

During the last thirty years of his life, the main focus of Claude Monet's artistic production was a series of about 250 oil paintings depicting the lily pond in his flower garden.

A pond is an area filled with water, either natural or artificial, that is smaller than a lake.

Limnology

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Study of inland aquatic ecosystems.

Lake cross-sectional diagram of the factors influencing lake metabolic rates and concentration of dissolved gases within lakes. Processes in gold text consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide while processes in green text produce oxygen and consume carbon dioxide.

Lake George, New York, United States, an oligotrophic lake

This includes the study of lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, springs, streams, wetlands, and groundwater.

Volcanic crater lake

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Landsat image of Lake Toba, Indonesia, the largest volcanic crater lake in the world

Mount Dendi double crater lake, Ethiopia (seen from the ISS)

Heaven Lake, the crater lake of Paektu Mountain on the China–North Korea border

Lake Pinatubo, Philippines, formed after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo

Maderas crater lake (Ometepe Island), Nicaragua

Coatepeque Caldera, El Salvador, crater lake

A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a volcanic eruption.

Raw sewage and industrial waste in the New River as it passes from Mexicali (Mexico) to Calexico, California

Water pollution

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Contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, so that it negatively affects its uses.

Poster to teach people in South Asia about human activities leading to the pollution of water sources

Bauxite residue is an industrial waste that is dangerously alkaline and can lead to water pollution if not managed appropriately (photo from Stade, Germany).

Solid waste and plastics in the Lachine Canal, Canada.

The Brayton Point Power Station in Massachusetts discharges heated water to Mount Hope Bay.

A polluted river draining an abandoned copper mine on Anglesey

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a global pollutant that has been found in drinking water. It appears not to biodegrade.

Environmental scientists preparing water autosamplers.

Oxygen depletion, resulting from nitrogen pollution and eutrophication is a common cause of fish kills.

Fecal sludge collected from pit latrines is dumped into a river at the Korogocho slum in Nairobi, Kenya.

View of secondary treatment reactors (activated sludge process) at the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C., United States. Seen in the distance are the sludge digester building and thermal hydrolysis reactors.

Silt fence installed on a construction site.

Share of water bodies with good water quality in 2020 (a water body is classified as "good" quality if at least 80% of monitoring values meet target quality levels, see also SDG 6, Indicator 6.3.2)

Plastic waste on the big drainage, and air pollution in the far end of the drainage in Ghana

Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater.

Aubach (Wiehl) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Stream

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Continuous body of surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.

Frozen stream in Enäjärvi, Pori, Finland

Stream near Montriond in southeastern France

A small stream in Lake Parramatta, Sydney

Stream with low gradient surrounded by natural riparian vegetation (Rhineland-Palatinate)

A low level stream in Macon County, Illinois, US

Small tributary stream, Diamond Ridge, Alaska, US

Australian creek, low in the dry season, carrying little water. The energetic flow of the stream had, in flood, moved finer sediment further downstream. There is a pool to lower right and a riffle to upper left of the photograph.

A small, narrow stream flowing down a tiny dell in Pennsylvania.

Distributaries are often found where a stream approaches a lake or an ocean.

Coastal sea waves at Paracas National Reserve, Ica, Peru

Sea

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Body of salty water that covers approximately 71 percent of the Earth's surface.

Animated map exhibiting the world's oceanic waters. A continuous body of water encircling Earth, the World Ocean is divided into a number of principal areas with relatively uninhibited interchange among them. Five oceanic divisions are usually defined: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern; the last two listed are sometimes consolidated into the first three.

Marginal seas as defined by the International Maritime Organization

Composite images of the Earth created by NASA in 2001

Salinity map taken from the Aquarius Spacecraft. The rainbow colours represent salinity levels: red = 40 ‰, purple = 30 ‰

When the wave enters shallow water, it slows down and its amplitude (height) increases.

The global conveyor belt shown in blue with warmer surface currents in red

High tides (blue) at the nearest and furthest points of the Earth from the Moon

The Baltic Sea in the archipelago of Turku, Finland

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse habitats in the world.

Map showing the seaborne migration and expansion of the Austronesians beginning at around 3000 BC

Gerardus Mercator's 1569 world map. The coastline of the old world is quite accurately depicted, unlike that of the Americas. Regions in high latitudes (Arctic, Antarctic) are greatly enlarged on this projection.

Naval warfare: The explosion of the Spanish flagship during the Battle of Gibraltar, 25 April 1607 by Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen, formerly attributed to Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom

Shipping routes, showing relative density of commercial shipping around the world

Scuba diver with face mask, fins and underwater breathing apparatus

Tidal power: the 1 km Rance Tidal Power Station in Brittany generates 0.5 GW.

Minerals precipitated near a hydrothermal vent

Great wave off the coast of Kanagawa by Katsushika Hokusai, c. 1830

Dutch Golden Age painting: The Y at Amsterdam, seen from the Mosselsteiger (mussel pier) by Ludolf Bakhuizen, 1673

The Oceanids (The Naiads of the Sea), a painting by Gustave Doré (c. 1860)

Seas are generally larger than lakes and contain salt water, but the Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake.

Water supply

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Provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.

Engine room of municipal water works in Toledo, Ohio, 1908

1880s model of pumping engine, in Herne Bay Museum

Cape Town water crisis warning, July 2018

The sole water supply of this section of Wilder, Tennessee, 1942

Water supplied by a truck in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

Shipot, a common source of drinking water in Dzyhivka, Ukraine

Wasserkunst and fountain from 1602 in Wismar, Germany. It's an example of pre-industrialization waterworks and fountain.

Water supply systems get water from a variety of locations after appropriate treatment, including groundwater (aquifers), surface water (lakes and rivers), and the sea through desalination.