A report on Lifting gas

The de Lana-Terzi's vacuum airship (1670)
MAXIS: a balloon that has been able to reach a height of 36 km

Gas that has a lower density than normal atmospheric gases and rises above them as a result.

- Lifting gas
The de Lana-Terzi's vacuum airship (1670)

10 related topics with Alpha

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A hot air balloon in flight

Balloon (aeronautics)

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Unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy.

Unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy.

A hot air balloon in flight
In 1999, Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones achieved the first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in Breitling Orbiter 3.
Hot air balloons, San Diego
Gas balloons at the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta
A tethered helium balloon gives the public rides to 500 feet (150 m) above the city of Bristol, England. The inset shows detail of the gondola.
A modern Kongming Lantern
Bartolomeu de Gusmão's prototype airship Passarola devised 1709.
A model of the Montgolfier brothers balloon at the London Science Museum
Henri Giffard's tethered passenger balloon prior to an ascent from Tuilerie Garden in 1878.
Balloon landing in Mashgh square, Iran (Persia), at the time of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, around 1850.
Close-up view of an American major in the basket of an observation balloon flying over territory near front lines during World War I.
A special-shape hot air balloon – Chubb fire extinguisher
Lana's aeronautic machine

The balloon is a fabric envelope filled with a gas that is lighter than the surrounding atmosphere.

A modern airship, Zeppelin NT D-LZZF in 2010

Airship

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Type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power.

Type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power.

A modern airship, Zeppelin NT D-LZZF in 2010
The LZ 129 Hindenburg was the largest airship ever built and destroyed in 1937
Dirigible airships compared with related aerostats, from a turn-of-the-20th-century encyclopedia
Ballon-Poisson, a navigable balloon designed by aeronaut Ferdinand Lagleize, ca. 1850
U.S. Navy airships and balloons, 1931: in the background, ZR-3, in front of it, (l to r) J-3 or 4, K-1, ZMC-2, in front of them, "Caquot" observation balloon, and in foreground free balloons used for training
A gondola fitted with twin propellers
Francesco Lana de Terzi's Aerial Ship design of 1670
Crossing of the English Channel by Blanchard in 1785
A model of the 1852 Giffard Airship at the London Science Museum
The navigable balloon developed by Henri Dupuy de Lôme in 1872
Dyer Airship 1874 Patent Drawing Page 1
Santos-Dumont No.6 rounding the Eiffel Tower in 1901
LZ1, Count Zeppelin's first airship
An Astra-Torres airship
Italian military airship, 1908
German airship Schütte Lanz SL2 bombing Warsaw in 1914
View from a French dirigible approaching a ship in 1918
Wreckage of Zeppelin L31 or L32 shot down over England, 23 September 1916
The Bodensee 1919
The Nordstern 1920
"Norge" airship in flight 1926
Rescuers scramble across the wreckage of British R-38/USN ZR-2, 24 August 1921.
USS Shenandoah (ZR-1) during construction, 1923
USS Los Angeles (ZR-3) beside tender USS Patoka February 1931
USS Macon over Lower Manhattan, 1933
The Hindenburg catches fire, 6 May 1937
Control car (gondola) of the Goodyear ZNPK (K-28) later operated by Goodyear as Puritan VI
A view of six helium-filled blimps being stored in one of the two massive hangars located at NAS Santa Ana, during World War II
K-class blimps of USN Blimp Squadron ZP-14 conducted antisubmarine warfare operations at the Strait of Gibraltar in 1944–45.
Interior view of Carlsen Field's LTA hangar built by African American Seabees of the 80th Naval Construction in 1943
One of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company's blimp fleet, being replaced by Zeppelin NT semirigids
The Spirit of Dubai approaches its motorized mooring mast
A-N400 (A-NSE company)
A Zeppelin NT airship
Yokoso! Japan passenger airship at the Malmi Airport in Helsinki, Finland
Thermal airship (manufacturer GEFA-FLUG/Germany)
The largest airship, the LZ 129 Hindenburg at 245 meters length and 41 meters diameter, dwarfs the size of the largest historic and modern passenger and cargo aeroplanes.
Artist's rendering of a NASA manned floating outpost in the atmosphere of Venus
Aerosail
Mlle Louise pedal Airship by Stephane Rousson
Zeppy 3 by Stephane Rousson
Zeppy One

Aerostats gain their lift from a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air.

A modern aerostat used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Tethered Aerostat Radar System (TARS)

Aerostat

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A modern aerostat used by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Tethered Aerostat Radar System (TARS)
A free-flying hot air balloon
The Goodyear blimps are non-rigid airships

An aerostat (from Greek ἀήρ aer (air) + στατός statos (standing), through French) is a lighter-than-air aircraft that gains its lift through the use of a buoyant gas.

Hot air balloon in flight

Hot air balloon

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Hot air balloon in flight
Novelty hot air balloons resembling anthropomorphized bees
Novelty hot air balloon resembling the Abbey of Saint Gall – Kubicek Balloons
A sky lantern
A model of the Montgolfier brothers' balloon at the London Science Museum
A hot air balloon over the city of Helsinki in September 2009
Hot air balloons, Cappadocia sunrise
A pair of Hopper balloons
Bristol International Balloon Fiesta
A hot air balloon is inflated partially with cold air from a gasoline-powered fan, before the propane burners are used for final inflation.
Hot air balloon safari in Maasai Mara
The parachute vent at the top of an envelope, as seen from below through the mouth
Hot air balloon basket in flight
A wicker basket capable of holding 16 passengers
A burner directing a flame into the envelope
Burner
Stainless steel fuel tanks, wrapped in red insulating covers, mounted vertically, and with fuel gauges, during refueling
Thermal image showing temperature variation in a hot air balloon
A Virgin hot air balloon flying over Cambridge
A 4-meters-high solar balloon floating over a meadow
Taken from the basket, the reflection of the balloon can be seen in the lake below. Obstacles in the landscape can inhibit smooth retrieval of the balloon upon landing.
A commercial balloon ride approaching its landing site at Bird-in-Hand, Pennsylvania
Top of balloon during inflation. Crew is securing parachute vent.
New 2017 Cameron hot air balloon in flight
One of the last Aerostar International, Inc. RX8 balloons
Souvenir Hot air balloon

A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air.

Spectral lines of helium

Helium

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Chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2.

Chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2.

Spectral lines of helium
Sir William Ramsay, the discoverer of terrestrial helium
The cleveite sample from which Ramsay first purified helium
Historical marker, denoting a massive helium find near Dexter, Kansas
The helium atom. Depicted are the nucleus (pink) and the electron cloud distribution (black). The nucleus (upper right) in helium-4 is in reality spherically symmetric and closely resembles the electron cloud, although for more complicated nuclei this is not always the case.
Binding energy per nucleon of common isotopes. The binding energy per particle of helium-4 is significantly larger than all nearby nuclides.
Helium discharge tube shaped like the element's atomic symbol
Liquefied helium. This helium is not only liquid, but has been cooled to the point of superfluidity. The drop of liquid at the bottom of the glass represents helium spontaneously escaping from the container over the side, to empty out of the container. The energy to drive this process is supplied by the potential energy of the falling helium.
Unlike ordinary liquids, helium II will creep along surfaces in order to reach an equal level; after a short while, the levels in the two containers will equalize. The Rollin film also covers the interior of the larger container; if it were not sealed, the helium II would creep out and escape.
Structure of the helium hydride ion, HHe+
Structure of the suspected fluoroheliate anion, OHeF−
The largest single use of liquid helium is to cool the superconducting magnets in modern MRI scanners.
A dual chamber helium leak detection machine
Because of its low density and incombustibility, helium is the gas of choice to fill airships such as the Goodyear blimp.

A well-known but minor use is as a lifting gas in balloons and airships.

During 1999, Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones achieved the first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in Breitling Orbiter 3, a Rozière balloon.

Rozière balloon

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During 1999, Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones achieved the first non-stop balloon circumnavigation in Breitling Orbiter 3, a Rozière balloon.

A Rozière balloon (or simply Rozière) is a type of hybrid balloon that has separate chambers for a non-heated lifting gas (such as hydrogen or helium) as well as for a heated lifting gas (as used in a hot air balloon or Montgolfière).

The Space Shuttle Main Engine burnt hydrogen with oxygen, producing a nearly invisible flame at full thrust.

Hydrogen

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Chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1.

Chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1.

The Space Shuttle Main Engine burnt hydrogen with oxygen, producing a nearly invisible flame at full thrust.
Depiction of a hydrogen atom with size of central proton shown, and the atomic diameter shown as about twice the Bohr model radius (image not to scale)
Hydrogen gas is colorless and transparent, here contained in a glass ampoule.
Phase diagram of hydrogen. The temperature and pressure scales are logarithmic, so one unit corresponds to a 10x change. The left edge corresponds to 105 Pa, which is about atmospheric pressure.
A sample of sodium hydride
Hydrogen discharge (spectrum) tube
Deuterium discharge (spectrum) tube
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
Hydrogen emission spectrum lines in the visible range. These are the four visible lines of the Balmer series
NGC 604, a giant region of ionized hydrogen in the Triangulum Galaxy
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But the damage to hydrogen's reputation as a lifting gas was already done and commercial hydrogen airship travel ceased.

Ball-and-stick model of the diamminesilver(I) cation, [Ag(NH3)2]+

Ammonia

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Compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

Compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

Ball-and-stick model of the diamminesilver(I) cation, [Ag(NH3)2]+
Ball-and-stick model of the tetraamminediaquacopper(II) cation, [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2](2+)
Jabir ibn Hayyan
This high-pressure reactor was built in 1921 by BASF in Ludwigshafen and was re-erected on the premises of the University of Karlsruhe in Germany.
A train carrying Anhydrous Ammonia.
Liquid ammonia bottle
Household ammonia
Ammoniacal Gas Engine Streetcar in New Orleans drawn by Alfred Waud in 1871.
The X-15 aircraft used ammonia as one component fuel of its rocket engine
Anti-meth sign on tank of anhydrous ammonia, Otley, Iowa. Anhydrous ammonia is a common farm fertilizer that is also a critical ingredient in making methamphetamine. In 2005, Iowa used grant money to give out thousands of locks to prevent criminals from getting into the tanks.
The world's longest ammonia pipeline (roughly 2400 km long), running from the TogliattiAzot plant in Russia to Odessa in Ukraine
Hydrochloric acid sample releasing HCl fumes, which are reacting with ammonia fumes to produce a white smoke of ammonium chloride.
Production trend of ammonia between 1947 and 2007
Main symptoms of hyperammonemia (ammonia reaching toxic concentrations).
Ammonia occurs in the atmospheres of the outer giant planets such as Jupiter (0.026% ammonia), Saturn (0.012% ammonia), and in the atmospheres and ices of Uranus and Neptune.

It is lighter than air, its density being 0.589 times that of air.

A super pressure balloon in flight

Superpressure balloon

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A super pressure balloon in flight
Flight profile of super-pressure balloons versus zero-pressure balloons
NASA Super Pressure Balloon Wanaka Airport, New Zealand

A superpressure balloon (SPB) is a style of aerostatic balloon where the volume of the balloon is kept relatively constant in the face of changes in ambient pressure outside the balloon, and the temperature of the contained lifting gas.

Francesco Lana de Terzi

Francesco Lana de Terzi

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Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician, naturalist and aeronautics pioneer.

Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician, naturalist and aeronautics pioneer.

Francesco Lana de Terzi
Francesco Lana de Terzi's design for a flying boat, 1670
Francesco Lana de Terzi's flying boat concept c.1670

Encouraged by the experiments of Otto von Guericke with the Magdeburg hemispheres, in 1663 Lana de Terzi developed an idea for a lighter than air vessel.