A report on Visual perception, Visible spectrum and Light

The visual dorsal stream (green) and ventral stream (purple) are shown. Much of the human cerebral cortex is involved in vision.

White light is dispersed by a prism into the colors of the visible spectrum.

A triangular prism dispersing a beam of white light. The longer wavelengths (red) and the shorter wavelengths (blue) are separated.

Leonardo da Vinci: The eye has a central line and everything that reaches the eye through this central line can be seen distinctly.

The electromagnetic spectrum, with the visible portion highlighted

Eye movement first 2 seconds (Yarbus, 1967)

Newton's color circle, from Opticks of 1704, showing the colors he associated with musical notes. The spectral colors from red to violet are divided by the notes of the musical scale, starting at D. The circle completes a full octave, from D to D. Newton's circle places red, at one end of the spectrum, next to violet, at the other. This reflects the fact that non-spectral purple colors are observed when red and violet light are mixed.

Newton's observation of prismatic colors (David Brewster 1855)

Beam of sun light inside the cavity of Rocca ill'Abissu at Fondachelli-Fantina, Sicily

How visible light interacts with objects to make them colorful

$Due to refraction, the straw dipped in water appears bent and the ruler scale compressed when viewed from a shallow angle.$

Approximation of spectral colors on a display results in somewhat distorted chromaticity

Hong Kong illuminated by colourful artificial lighting.

Earth's atmosphere partially or totally blocks some wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, but in visible light it is mostly transparent

$Thomas Young's sketch of a double-slit experiment showing diffraction. Young's experiments supported the theory that light consists of waves.$

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment.

- Visual perception

The visible spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.

- Visible spectrum

Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation within the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceived by the human eye.

- Light

Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light.

- Visible spectrum

Generally, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is classified by wavelength into radio waves, microwaves, infrared, the visible spectrum that we perceive as light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.

- Light

The human visual system is generally believed to be sensitive to visible light in the range of wavelengths between 370 and 730 nanometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 meters) of the electromagnetic spectrum.

- Visual perception

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Electromagnetic spectrum

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Range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.

A diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum, showing various properties across the range of frequencies and wavelengths

Plot of Earth's atmospheric opacity to various wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. This is the surface-to-space opacity, the atmosphere is transparent to longwave radio transmissions within the troposphere but opaque to space due to the ionosphere.

Plot of atmospheric opacity for terrestrial to terrestrial transmission showing the molecules responsible for some of the resonances

The amount of penetration of UV relative to altitude in Earth's ozone

This frequency range is divided into separate bands, and the electromagnetic waves within each frequency band are called by different names; beginning at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.

If radiation having a frequency in the visible region of the EM spectrum reflects off an object, say, a bowl of fruit, and then strikes the eyes, this results in visual perception of the scene.

The wavelength of UV rays is shorter than the violet end of the visible spectrum but longer than the X-ray.