A report on Locus coeruleus, Major depressive disorder and Post-traumatic stress disorder

Rhomboid fossa. (Locus coeruleus not labeled, but is very near [just lateral to] the colliculus facialis, which is labeled at center left.)
Sorrowing Old Man (At Eternity's Gate) by Vincent van Gogh (1890)
Service members use art to relieve PTSD symptoms.
Locus coeruleus and its influence pathways
An 1892 lithograph of a woman diagnosed with melancholia
No quieren (They do not want to) by Francisco Goya (1746–1828) depicts an elderly woman wielding a knife in defense of a girl being assaulted by a soldier.
A cup analogy demonstrating the diathesis–stress model that under the same amount of stressors, person 2 is more vulnerable than person 1, because of their predisposition.
Regions of the brain associated with stress and post-traumatic stress disorder
Caricature of a man with depression
The diagram depicts how emotions, thoughts, and behaviors all influence each other. The triangle in the middle represents CBT's tenet that all humans' core beliefs can be summed up in three categories: self, others, future.
Physical exercise is one recommended way to manage mild depression.
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C.
Sertraline (Zoloft) is used primarily to treat major depression in adults.
Statue, Three Servicemen, Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Diagnoses of depression go back at least as far as Hippocrates.
Disability-adjusted life year rates for post-traumatic stress disorder per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 no data < 43.5 43.5–45 45–46.5 46.5–48 48–49.5 49.5–51 51–52.5 52.5–54 54–55.5 55.5–57 57–58.5 > 58.5
The 16th American president, Abraham Lincoln, had "melancholy", a condition that now may be referred to as clinical depression.

The locus coeruleus may figure in clinical depression, panic disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and anxiety.

- Locus coeruleus

Psychiatric research has documented that enhanced noradrenergic postsynaptic responsiveness in the neuronal pathway (brain circuit) that originates in the locus coeruleus and ends in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is a major factor in the pathophysiology of most stress-induced fear-circuitry disorders and especially in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

- Locus coeruleus

Third, decreased size of the locus coeruleus, decreased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, increased density of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, and evidence from rat models suggest decreased adrenergic neurotransmission in depression.

- Major depressive disorder

PTSD causes biochemical changes in the brain and body, that differ from other psychiatric disorders such as major depression.

- Post-traumatic stress disorder

The maintenance of fear has been shown to include the HPA axis, the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic systems, and the connections between the limbic system and frontal cortex.

- Post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression often co-occur.

- Major depressive disorder
Rhomboid fossa. (Locus coeruleus not labeled, but is very near [just lateral to] the colliculus facialis, which is labeled at center left.)

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