A report on Locus coeruleus

Rhomboid fossa. (Locus coeruleus not labeled, but is very near [just lateral to] the colliculus facialis, which is labeled at center left.)
Locus coeruleus and its influence pathways

Nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic.

- Locus coeruleus
Rhomboid fossa. (Locus coeruleus not labeled, but is very near [just lateral to] the colliculus facialis, which is labeled at center left.)

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Overall
Animation showing the fourth ventricle (in red) in relation to the ventricular system.

Fourth ventricle

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One of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain.

One of the four connected fluid-filled cavities within the human brain.

Animation showing the fourth ventricle (in red) in relation to the ventricular system.
Fourth ventricle location shown in red (E), pons (B); the floor of the ventricle is to the right, the roof to the left
Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive.
Scheme of roof of fourth ventricle.
Rhomboid fossa.
Median sagittal section of brain.
Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side.
Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisternæ.
Fourth ventricle

In the superior region of the pons is the locus coeruleus, which due to its concentration of noradrenaline has a sky blue appearance, visible (in a colour closer to teal) through the floor of the ventricle, superiorly to the superior fovea.

Someone with a panic attack, being reassured by another person.

Panic disorder

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Mental and behavioral disorder, specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks.

Mental and behavioral disorder, specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks.

Someone with a panic attack, being reassured by another person.
Age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rates for panic disorder per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004. no data less than 95 95–96.5 96.5–98 98–99.5 99.5–101 101–102.5 102.5–104 104–105.5 105.5–107 107–108.5 108.5–110 more than 110

This circuit consists of the amygdala, central gray matter, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the locus ceruleus.

Outline of the nucleus raphes dorsalis: DRif interfascicular subnucleus, DRv ventral subnucleus, DRvl ventrolateral subnucleus, DRd dorsal subnucleus, mlf medial longitudinal fasciculus, Aq cerebral aqueduct, IVn trochlear nucleus.

Dorsal raphe nucleus

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Characteristic of humans and other primates.

Characteristic of humans and other primates.

Outline of the nucleus raphes dorsalis: DRif interfascicular subnucleus, DRv ventral subnucleus, DRvl ventrolateral subnucleus, DRd dorsal subnucleus, mlf medial longitudinal fasciculus, Aq cerebral aqueduct, IVn trochlear nucleus.

The nucleus raphes dorsalis have been known to project to the lateral hypothalamus, along with the locus coeruleus and the tuberomammillary nucleus.

MECP2

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Gene that encodes the protein MECP2.

Gene that encodes the protein MECP2.

The genetic loss of MECP2 has been identified as changing the properties of cells in the locus ceruleus the exclusive source of noradrenergic innervation to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

Nucleus paragigantocellularis

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Part of the brain, located in the rostral ventral medulla.

Part of the brain, located in the rostral ventral medulla.

The nPGi is one of two major afferents of the locus coeruleus (LC), and sends collateral projections to the LC and to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS).

Reil the anatomist: a portrait from 1811

Johann Christian Reil

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German physician, physiologist, anatomist, and psychiatrist.

German physician, physiologist, anatomist, and psychiatrist.

Reil the anatomist: a portrait from 1811
Reil's tomb on the Reilberg in Halle (Saale), Germany, today Bergzoo Halle

He is frequently and erroneously crediting with discovering the locus coeruleus, which was first described by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr.

Félix Vicq-d'Azyr

Félix Vicq-d'Azyr

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French physician and anatomist, the originator of comparative anatomy and discoverer of the theory of homology in biology.

French physician and anatomist, the originator of comparative anatomy and discoverer of the theory of homology in biology.

Félix Vicq-d'Azyr
Observations sur les moyens que l'on peut employer, pour préserver les animaux sains de la contagion, et pour en arréter les progrès, 1774

He described the locus coeruleus, the locus niger (substantia nigra) in the brain, in 1786, and the band of Vicq d'Azyr, a fiber system between the external granular layer and the external pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex, as well as the Mamillo-thalamic tract, which bears his name.