A report on Yan'an, Long March and Shaanxi

Overview map of the route of the Long March
Light red areas show Communist enclaves. Areas marked by a blue "X" were overrun by Kuomintang forces during the Fourth Encirclement Campaign, forcing the Fourth Red Army (north) and the Second Red Army (south) to retreat to more western enclaves (dotted lines). The dashed line is the route of the First Red Army from Jiangxi. The withdrawal of all three Red Armies ends in the northeast enclave of Shaanxi.

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek encircled the Communists in Jiangxi in 1934.

Map drawn by the Red Army Command before the Battle of Xiangjiang

Mao with visiting foreign journalists in 1944

Conference room; tourists can rent and dress in Chinese Red Army garb

Tiger Leaping Gorge in the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain massif of western Yunnan province

Education Department of Shaanxi Province

A Communist leader addressing Long March survivors

Temple of the Chenghuangshen (City God) of Weinan.

A scene at the Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall

Guangren Temple of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition in Xi'an.

Road to the stupa of the Famen Temple (Chinese Buddhist).

Yan'an (Mandarin pronunciation: ), alternatively spelled as Yenan is a prefecture-level city in the Shaanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Shanxi to the east and Gansu to the west.

- Yan'an

Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March, and became the center of the Chinese Communist revolution from late 1935 to early 1947.

- Yan'an

However, the most famous began in the Jiangxi (Jiangxi) province in October 1934 and ended in the Shaanxi province in October 1935.

- Long March

The other prefecture-level cities into which the province is divided are Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yan'an and Yulin.

- Shaanxi

In the Republican era of China, the city of Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March which destroyed the Chinese Soviet Republic in Jiangxi by the Kuomintang armies, and became the birthplace of the Chinese Communist Revolution from late 1935 to early 1947 and the Communists formed the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region in constituent parts of Shaanxi.

- Shaanxi

The Long March most commonly refers to the transfer of the main group of the First (or Central) Red Army, which included the leaders of the CCP, from Yudu in the province of Jiangxi to Yan'an in Shaanxi.

- Long March

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Mao Zedong

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Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he led as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from the establishment of the PRC in 1949 until his death in 1976.

Mao Zedong's childhood home in Shaoshan, in 2010, by which time it had become a tourist destination

Students in Beijing rallying during the May Fourth Movement

Location of the first Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in July 1921, in Xintiandi, former French Concession, Shanghai

Mao Zedong around the time of his work at Guangzhou's PMTI in 1925

Third Plenum of the KMT Central Executive Committee in March 1927. Mao is third from the right in the second row.

Flag of the HistoryChinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army

Chinese Communist revolutionaries in the 1920s

Military parade on the occasion of the founding of a Chinese Soviet Republic in 1931

Zhang Guotao (left) and Mao Zedong in Yan'an, 1937

In an effort to defeat the Japanese, Mao (left) agreed to collaborate with Chiang (right).

PLA troops, supported by captured M5 Stuart light tanks, attacking the Nationalist lines in 1948

Mao Zedong declares the founding of the modern People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949

Mao with his fourth wife, Jiang Qing, called "Madame Mao", 1946

Mao at Joseph Stalin's 70th birthday celebration in Moscow, December 1949

Mao and Zhou Enlai meeting with Dalai Lama (right) and Panchen Lama (left) to celebrate Tibetan New Year, Beijing, 1955

Photo of Mao Zedong sitting, published in "Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung", ca. 1955

Mao with Nikita Khrushchev, Ho Chi Minh and Soong Ching-ling during a state dinner in Beijing, 1959

Early in the Great Leap Forward, commune members were encouraged to eat their fill in communal canteens, but many canteens shut down as they ran out of food and fuel.

Mao with Henry Kissinger and Zhou Enlai, Beijing, 1972

U.S. President Gerald Ford watches as Henry Kissinger shakes hands with Mao during their visit to China, December 2, 1975

A public appearance of Chairman Mao and Lin Biao among Red Guards, in Beijing, during the Cultural Revolution (November 1966)

Statue of young Mao in Changsha, the capital of Hunan

In 1978, the classroom of a kindergarten in Shanghai putting up portraits of then- Chairman Hua Guofeng and former Chairman Mao Zedong

Mao greets U.S. President Richard Nixon during his visit to China in 1972.

Mao with Jiang Qing and daughter Li Na in the 1940s

Mao Zedong with his nephew Mao Yuanxin, and daughters Li Min (second from left) and Li Na

Mao's calligraphy: a bronze plaque of a poem by Li Bai. (Chinese: 白帝城毛澤東手書李白詩銅匾 )

During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the CCP, Mao helped to found the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, led the Jiangxi Soviet's radical land policies, and ultimately became head of the CCP during the Long March.

Insisting that they operate as a guerrilla force, he laid out a destination: the Shenshi Soviet in Shaanxi, Northern China, from where the Communists could focus on fighting the Japanese.

Mao's troops arrived at the Yan'an Soviet during October 1935 and settled in Pao An, until spring 1936.