A report on Malaria and Mosquito

Malaria parasite connecting to a red blood cell
Main symptoms of malaria
Mosquito head
The life cycle of malaria parasites. Sporozoites are introduced by a mosquito bite. They migrate to the liver, where they multiply into thousands of merozoites. The merozoites infect red blood cells and replicate, infecting more and more red blood cells. Some parasites form gametocytes, which are taken up by a mosquito, continuing the life cycle.
Image of pitcher plant mosquito Wyeomyia smithii, showing segmentation and partial anatomy of circulatory system
Micrograph of a placenta from a stillbirth due to maternal malaria. H&E stain. Red blood cells are anuclear; blue/black staining in bright red structures (red blood cells) indicate foreign nuclei from the parasites.
Electron micrograph of a mosquito egg
Electron micrograph of a Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cell (center), illustrating adhesion protein "knobs"
An egg raft of a Culex species, partly broken, showing individual egg shapes
The blood film is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis.
Anatomy of a Culex larva
Ring-forms and gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum in human blood
Anatomy of an adult mosquito
An Anopheles stephensi mosquito shortly after obtaining blood from a human (the droplet of blood is expelled as a surplus). This mosquito is a vector of malaria, and mosquito control is an effective way of reducing its incidence.
Adult yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, typical of subfamily Culicinae. Note bushy antennae and longer palps of male on left vs. females at right.
Man spraying kerosene oil in standing water, Panama Canal Zone, 1912
Aedes aegypti, a common vector of dengue fever and yellow fever
Walls where indoor residual spraying of DDT has been applied. The mosquitoes remain on the wall until they fall down dead on the floor.
Mosquitoes feeding on a reptile
A mosquito net in use.
Here an Anopheles stephensi female is engorged with blood and beginning to pass unwanted liquid fractions of the blood to make room in its gut for more of the solid nutrients.
An advertisement for quinine as a malaria treatment from 1927.
Female Ochlerotatus notoscriptus feeding on a human arm, Tasmania, Australia
Deaths due to malaria per million persons in 2012
Anopheles albimanus mosquito feeding on a human arm – this mosquito is the sole vector of malaria, and mosquito control is a very effective way of reducing the incidence of malaria.
Past and current malaria prevalence in 2009
Mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, a natural mosquito predator
Ancient malaria oocysts preserved in Dominican amber
A warning sign about mosquitoes in Sodankylä, Finland
British doctor Ronald Ross received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on malaria.
A still from Winsor McCay's pioneering 1912 animated film How a Mosquito Operates
Chinese medical researcher Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for her work on the antimalarial drug artemisinin.
Anopheles larva from southern Germany, about 8 mm long
Artemisia annua, source of the antimalarial drug artemisinin
Culex larva and pupa
U.S. Marines with malaria in a field hospital on Guadalcanal, October 1942
Culex larvae plus one pupa
Members of the Malaria Commission of the League of Nations collecting larvae on the Danube delta, 1929
1962 Pakistani postage stamp promoting malaria eradication program
Malaria clinic in Tanzania
Child with malaria in Ethiopia
World War II poster
Disability-adjusted life year for malaria per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 no data <10 0–100 100–500 500–1000 1000–1500 1500–2000 2000–2500 2500–2750 2750–3000 3000–3250 3250–3500 ≥3500

Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.

- Malaria

In this way, mosquitoes are important vectors of parasitic diseases such as malaria and filariasis, and arboviral diseases such as yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile, dengue fever, and Zika.

- Mosquito
Malaria parasite connecting to a red blood cell

14 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Anopheles stephensi

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Anopheles stephensi is a primary mosquito vector of malaria in urban India and is included in the same subgenus as Anopheles gambiae, the primary malaria vector in Africa.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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National public health agency of the United States.

National public health agency of the United States.

The Communicable Disease Center moved to its current headquarters in 1960. Building 1 is pictured in 1963.
Arlen Specter Headquarters and Emergency Operations Center
CDC's Roybal campus in Atlanta, Georgia
Tom Harkin Global Communications Center
CDC Building 17 in Atlanta, Georgia, as seen from Emory University
David Sencer points to a depiction of Triatomine sp., which transmits Chagas disease
Donald Henderson as part of the CDC's smallpox eradication team in 1966
CDC and MSF staff preparing to enter an Ebola treatment unit in Liberia, August 2014

Preceding its founding, organizations with global influence in malaria control were the Malaria Commission of the League of Nations and the Rockefeller Foundation.

With a budget at the time of about $1million, 59 percent of its personnel were engaged in mosquito abatement and habitat control with the objective of control and eradication of malaria in the United States (see National Malaria Eradication Program).

Vector control taking place in the Southern United States during the 1920s.

Vector control

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Any method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods which transmit disease pathogens.

Any method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods which transmit disease pathogens.

Vector control taking place in the Southern United States during the 1920s.

Despite being treatable, malaria has by far the greatest impact on human health from vectors.

Using fish that eat mosquito larvae, the use cat fish to eat up mosquito larve in pond can eradicate the mosquito population, or reducing breeding rates by introducing sterilized male tsetse flies have been shown to control vector populations and reduce infection risks.

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Gene drive

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Natural process and technology of genetic engineering that propagates a particular suite of genes throughout a population by altering the probability that a specific allele will be transmitted to offspring .

Natural process and technology of genetic engineering that propagates a particular suite of genes throughout a population by altering the probability that a specific allele will be transmitted to offspring .

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Molecular mechanism of gene drive.

Proposed applications include exterminating insects that carry pathogens (notably mosquitoes that transmit malaria, dengue, and zika pathogens), controlling invasive species, or eliminating herbicide or pesticide resistance.

In 2015, researchers published successful engineering of CRISPR-based gene drives in Saccharomyces , Drosophila, and mosquitoes.