A report on Massachusetts Bay Colony

Map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Map depicting tribal distribution in southern New England, circa 1600; the political boundaries shown are modern
Map of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
John Winthrop led the first large wave of colonists from England in 1630 and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years
The Dominion of New England in 1688
Constructed in 1641, the Fairbanks House is a First Period home with clapboard siding
Salem Common was established as a village green in 1667
Quaker Mary Dyer was hanged on Boston Common in 1660

English settlement on the east coast of America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

- Massachusetts Bay Colony

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Plymouth Colony town locations

Plymouth Colony

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English colonial venture in America from 1620 to 1691 at a location that had previously been surveyed and named by Captain John Smith.

English colonial venture in America from 1620 to 1691 at a location that had previously been surveyed and named by Captain John Smith.

Plymouth Colony town locations
The village of Scrooby, England circa 1911, home to the "Saints" until 1607
Plymouth Colony town locations
The Embarkation of the Pilgrims from Delfthaven in Holland (1844) by Robert Walter Weir
Title page of Captain John Smith's 1616 work A Description of New England, the first text to use the name "New Plymouth" to describe the site of the future colony
"Interview of Samoset with the Pilgrims", book engraving, 1853
"Signing of the Mayflower Compact" (c. 1900) by Edward Percy Moran
The Landing of the Pilgrims (1877) by Henry A. Bacon
Jennie Augusta Brownscombe, The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth (1914), Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, Massachusetts
Jennie Augusta Brownscombe, Thanksgiving at Plymouth (1925), National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, D.C.
John Robinson memorial, placed outside of St. Peter's Church in Leiden
Pilgrims Going to Church by George Henry Boughton (1867)
The Book of the General Laws of the Inhabitants of the Jurisdiction of New-Plimouth, Boston, by Samuel Green, 1685
1677 map of New England by William Hubbard showing the location of Plymouth Colony. The map is oriented with west at the top.
1890 Map of Barnstable County, Massachusetts showing the location and dates of incorporation of towns
Front page of William Bradford's manuscript for Of Plimoth Plantation
1863 letter from Sarah Josepha Hale to President Abraham Lincoln discussing the creation of a Thanksgiving holiday
Plymouth Rock, inscribed with 1620, the year of the Pilgrims' landing in the Mayflower

Plymouth played a central role in King Philip's War (1675–1678), one of several Indian Wars, but the colony was ultimately merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other territories in 1691 to form the Province of Massachusetts Bay.

Boston

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Capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States and 24th-most populous city in the country.

Capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States and 24th-most populous city in the country.

In 1773, a group of angered Bostonian citizens threw a shipment of tea by the East India Company into Boston Harbor as a response to the Tea Act, in an event known as the Boston Tea Party.
Map showing a British tactical evaluation of Boston in 1775.
Boston, as the Eagle and the Wild Goose See It, 1860, by J.W. Black, the first recorded aerial photograph
State Street, 1801
View of downtown Boston from Dorchester Heights, 1841
Tremont Street, 1843
The was home to the Boston city council from 1865 to 1969.
General view of Boston, by J. J. Hawes, c. 1860s–1880s
Haymarket Square, 1909
Back Bay neighborhood
Boston as seen from ESA Sentinel-2. Boston Harbor, at the center, has made Boston a major shipping port since its founding.
Panoramic map of Boston (1877)
200 Clarendon Street is the tallest building in Boston, with a roof height of 790 ft.
Boston's skyline in the background, with fall foliage in the foreground
A graph of cumulative winter snowfall at Logan International Airport from 1938 to 2015. The four winters with the most snowfall are highlighted. The snowfall data, which was collected by NOAA, is from the weather station at the airport.
Per capita income in the Greater Boston area, by US Census block group, 2000. The dashed line shows the boundary of the City of Boston.
Map of racial distribution in Boston, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people:
Chinatown, with its paifang gate, is home to many Chinese and also Vietnamese restaurants.
U.S. Navy sailors march in Boston's annual St. Patrick's Day Parade. Irish Americans constitute the largest ethnicity in Boston.
Boston gay pride march, held annually in June
Old South Church, a United Church of Christ congregation first organized in 1669
Boston Latin School was established in 1635 and is the oldest public high school in the US.
Map of Boston-area universities
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is often cited as among the world's top universities
Harvard Business School, one of the country's top business schools
A Boston Police cruiser on Beacon Street
The Old State House, a museum on the Freedom Trail near the site of the Boston massacre
In the nineteenth century, the Old Corner Bookstore became a gathering place for writers, including Emerson, Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. Here James Russell Lowell printed the first editions of The Atlantic Monthly.
Symphony Hall, home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra
Museum of Fine Arts
Population density and elevation above sea level in Greater Boston (2010)
Fenway Park is the oldest professional baseball stadium still in use.
The Celtics play at the TD Garden.
Harvard Stadium, the first collegiate athletic stadium built in the U.S.
An aerial view of Boston Common
Chamber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the Massachusetts State House
Boston City Hall is a Brutalist landmark in the city
Harvard Medical School, one of the most prestigious medical schools in the world
An MBTA Red Line train departing Boston for Cambridge. Bostonians depend heavily on public transit, with over 1.3 million Bostonians riding the city's buses and trains daily (2013).
South Station, the busiest rail hub in New England, is a terminus of Amtrak and numerous MBTA rail lines.
Bluebikes in Boston
Michelle Wu, the 55th Mayor of Boston
Headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston

In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city.

John Winthrop

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Winthrop's eldest son John Winthrop the Younger
John Endecott preceded Winthrop as governor in Massachusetts
The coat of arms of John Winthrop
Engraving showing Winthrop's arrival at Salem
Engraving depicting Winthrop being carried across the Mystic River
Site of the "Great House" near the corner of New Rutherford Avenue and Chelsea Avenue, Charlestown, Massachusetts. This was the home of John Winthrop and also served as the first seat of government in the colony.
Depiction of Anne Hutchinson's trial, c. 1901
The 19th century Fort Winthrop, constructed on Governors Island and formerly owned by Winthrop
Winthrop's tomb in King's Chapel Burying Ground

John Winthrop (January 12, 1587/88 – March 26, 1649) was an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the second major settlement in New England following Plymouth Colony.

New England

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Region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

Region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

Indigenous territories, circa 1600 in present-day southern New England
Soldier and explorer John Smith coined the name "New England" in 1616.
A 1638 engraving depicting the Mystic massacre
An English map of New England c. 1670 depicts the area around modern Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
The New England Ensign, one of several flags historically associated with New England. This flag was reportedly used by colonial merchant ships sailing out of New England ports, 1686 – c. 1737.
New England's Siege of Louisbourg (1745) by Peter Monamy
The Slater Mill Historic Site in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Bread and Roses Strike. Massachusetts National Guard troops surround unarmed strikers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1912.
Autumn in New England, watercolor, Maurice Prendergast, c.1910–1913
Cambridge, Massachusetts, has a high concentration of startups and technology companies.
A political and geographical map of New England shows the coastal plains in the southeast, and hills, mountains and valleys in the west and the north.
A portion of the north-central Pioneer Valley in Sunderland, Massachusetts
Köppen climate types in New England
The White Mountains of New Hampshire are part of the Appalachian Mountains.
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Montpelier, Vermont, is the smallest state capital in the United States.
Largest self-reported ancestry groups in New England. Americans of Irish descent form a plurality in most of Massachusetts, while Americans of English descent form a plurality in much of the central parts of Vermont and New Hampshire as well as nearly all of Maine.
World's largest Irish flag in Boston. People who claim Irish descent constitute the largest ethnic group in New England.
Southeastern New England is home to a number of Lusophone ethnic enclaves.
The Port of Portland in Portland, Maine, is the largest tonnage seaport in New England.
The Hartford headquarters of Aetna is housed in a 1931 Colonial Revival building.
A plowed field in Bethel, Vermont
Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant in Seabrook, New Hampshire
A New England town meeting in Huntington, Vermont
Flag of the New England Governor's Conference (NEGC)
Alumni Hall at Saint Anselm College has served as a backdrop for media reports during the New Hampshire primary.
New England is home to four of the eight Ivy League universities. Pictured here is Harvard Yard of Harvard University.
Phillips Exeter Academy and Phillips Academy are two prestigious New England secondary schools founded in the late 18th century
Flag of New England flying in Massachusetts. New Englanders maintain a strong sense of regional and cultural identity.
A classic New England Congregational church in Peacham, Vermont
Boston's Symphony Hall is the home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra—the second-oldest of the Big Five American symphony orchestras.
New England regionalist poet Robert Frost
Wes Anderson's Moonrise Kingdom is set on a fictional New England island and was largely filmed in Rhode Island
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
A Hartford Line Train at Hartford Union Station
The MBTA Commuter Rail serves eastern Massachusetts and parts of Rhode Island, radiating from downtown Boston, with planned service to New Hampshire. The CTrail system operates the Shore Line East and Hartford Line, covering coastal Connecticut, Hartford, and Springfield, Massachusetts.
1. Boston, Massachusetts
2. Worcester, Massachusetts
3. Providence, Rhode Island
4. Springfield, Massachusetts
5. Bridgeport, Connecticut
6. Stamford, Connecticut
7. New Haven, Connecticut
8. Hartford, Connecticut
9. Cambridge, Massachusetts
10. Manchester, New Hampshire
Harvard vs. Yale football game in 2003
Fenway Park
Bill Russell and Red Auerbach of the Boston Celtics
The New England Patriots are the most popular professional sports team in New England.
The Middlebury College rowing team in the 2007 Head of the Charles Regatta
Köppen climate types in New England

Ten years later, more Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony north of Plymouth Colony.

Salem, Massachusetts

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Historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, located in the North Shore region.

Historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, located in the North Shore region.

Statue of Roger Conant, founder of Salem, on North Washington Square.
Nathaniel Hawthorne by Bela Pratt
Scene along the Salem waterfront, c. 1770–1780
Title page of A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft by John Hale (Boston, 1702)
Salem Harbor, oil on canvas, Fitz Hugh Lane, 1853, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Map of Salem, c. 1820
Coast Guard Air Station patch
First Muster, Spring 1637, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
The Salem Ferry approaching its dock off Blaney Street
Veterans Memorial Bridge between Salem and Beverly
Map of Salem and Harbor, 1883
Original Salem Harbor Station in 2012
The original coal plant (at left) being demolished in 2016, as the single smokestack of the new plant rises
The Friendship of Salem replica docked off of Derby Street
The Peabody Essex Museum
Old Salem Jail after renovations
Salem Willows
Naturalization ceremony on the stairs of the Custom House, Salem Maritime National Historic Site
Salem Depot, 1910
Peabody House, {{circa|1905}}
Salem Harbor in 1907
Lafayette Street in 1910
Naumkeag Mills, {{circa|1910}}
Roger Williams House (The Witch House) {{circa|1910}}
Sampler (needlework) made in Salem in 1791. Art Institute of Chicago textile collection.
Pickering House, {{circa|1905}}
Essex Street, {{circa|1920}}
Town House Square, 1891
The House of the Seven Gables
Gallows Hill Park. Popular legend places the execution of the Salem Witches near this site.
The Pickman House, built {{circa|1664}}, believed to be Salem's oldest surviving building
The Gedney House (1665) on High Street
Salem Common bandshell in 2005
Hamilton Hall (1805), 9 Chestnut Street
Peirce-Nichols House (1782), 80 Federal Street
Phillips House (1800), 34 Chestnut Street
John Ward House (1684)
Pioneer Village, a recreation of the first Puritan settlement in 1630.
Frank Weston Benson
Nathaniel Bowditch
Elias Hasket Derby
John Endecott
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Jones Very
Frederick W. Lander
Charles Grafton Page
Timothy Pickering
Sarah Parker Remond
Samuel McIntire

It was not until 1686, when the Massachusetts Bay Colony Charter was recalled by the King in the creation of the Dominion of New England that Wenepoykin's heirs pressed their claim to the land of Salem, for which they were paid twenty pounds.

Gallery of famous 17th-century Puritan theologians: Thomas Gouge, William Bridge, Thomas Manton, John Flavel, Richard Sibbes, Stephen Charnock, William Bates, John Owen, John Howe and Richard Baxter

Puritans

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The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.

The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.

Gallery of famous 17th-century Puritan theologians: Thomas Gouge, William Bridge, Thomas Manton, John Flavel, Richard Sibbes, Stephen Charnock, William Bates, John Owen, John Howe and Richard Baxter
The Westminster Assembly, which saw disputes on Church polity in England (Victorian history painting by John Rogers Herbert).
Interior of the Old Ship Church, a Puritan meetinghouse in Hingham, Massachusetts. Puritans were Calvinists, so their churches were unadorned and plain.
Death's head, Granary Burial Ground. A typical example of early Funerary art in Puritan New England
Polemical popular print with a Catalogue of Sects, 1647.
The Snake in the Grass or Satan Transform'd to an Angel of Light, title page engraved by Richard Gaywood, ca. 1660
Pilgrims Going to Church by George Henry Boughton (1867)
Cotton Mather, influential New England Puritan minister, portrait by Peter Pelham
1659 public notice in Boston deeming Christmas illegal
Quaker Mary Dyer led to execution on Boston Common, 1 June 1660, by an unknown 19th century artist
Second version of The Puritan, a late 19th-century sculpture by Augustus Saint-Gaudens
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland

Some Puritans left for New England, particularly from 1629 to 1640 (the Eleven Years' Tyranny under King Charles I), supporting the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other settlements among the northern colonies.

Dominion of New England

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Administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for Delaware Colony and the Province of Pennsylvania).

Administrative union of English colonies covering New England and the Mid-Atlantic Colonies (except for Delaware Colony and the Province of Pennsylvania).

Map of the Dominion, represented in dark red, as of 1688. Names of the constituent and neighboring colonies also shown.
King James II
Map of the Dominion, represented in dark red, as of 1688. Names of the constituent and neighboring colonies also shown.
Joseph Dudley
Sir Edmund Andros
Francis Nicholson
Engraving depicting Andros under arrest

The Dominion encompassed a very large area from the Delaware River in the south to Penobscot Bay in the north, composed of the Province of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut Colony, Province of New York, and Province of New Jersey, plus a small portion of Maine.

Province of Massachusetts Bay

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Colony in British America which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States.

Colony in British America which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States.

Map depicting the colonial claims related to the province
Illustration of the Boston Tea Party
Map depicting the colonial claims related to the province
John Trumbull's 1834 painting of Joseph Warren's death at the Battle of Bunker Hill

The charter took effect on May 14, 1692, and included the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony, the Province of Maine, Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the direct successor.

An artist's rendition of Indians attacking a garrison house

King Philip's War

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Armed conflict in 1675–1678 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their indigenous allies.

Armed conflict in 1675–1678 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their indigenous allies.

An artist's rendition of Indians attacking a garrison house
"King Philip's Seat," a meeting place on Mount Hope, now in Bristol, Rhode Island.
Engraving depicting the colonial assault on the Narragansetts' fort in the Great Swamp Fight in December 1675
Site of "Nine Men's Misery" in Cumberland, Rhode Island, where Captain Pierce's troops were tortured
Colonists defending their settlement (non-contemporary depiction)
Benjamin Church: Father of American Rangers
Native revenge on Richard Waldron for his role in King Philip's War, Dover, New Hampshire (1689)
The site of King Philip's death in Misery Swamp on Mount Hope (Rhode Island)

They pushed back the borders of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Rhode Island colonies, burning towns as they went, including Providence in March 1676.

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

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One of the original Thirteen Colonies established on the east coast of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean.

One of the original Thirteen Colonies established on the east coast of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean.

The original 1636 deed to Providence, signed by Chief Canonicus
Roger Williams returning with the royal charter
Four-time governor of the colony and first chancellor of Brown University Stephen Hopkins, was influential in his support of the American Revolution
The Pawcatuck River defined the southeastern border between colonial Connecticut and Rhode Island

He was exiled under religious persecution from the Massachusetts Bay Colony; he and his fellow settlers agreed on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule "in civil things" with liberty of conscience on spiritual matters.