A report on Materialism
Form of philosophical monism which holds matter to be the fundamental substance in nature, and all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions.
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Karl Marx
6 linksGerman philosopher, critic of political economy, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.
German philosopher, critic of political economy, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.
This work contains Marx's criticism of materialism (for being contemplative), idealism (for reducing practice to theory), and, overall, philosophy (for putting abstract reality above the physical world).
Idealism
4 linksIndistinguishable and inseparable from human perception and understanding; that reality is a mental construct closely connected to ideas.
Indistinguishable and inseparable from human perception and understanding; that reality is a mental construct closely connected to ideas.
In contrast to materialism, idealism asserts the primacy of consciousness as the origin and prerequisite of phenomena.
Mind–body dualism
4 linksIn the philosophy of mind, mind–body dualism denotes either the view that mental phenomena are non-physical, or that the mind and body are distinct and separable.
In the philosophy of mind, mind–body dualism denotes either the view that mental phenomena are non-physical, or that the mind and body are distinct and separable.
Substance dualism is contrasted with all forms of materialism, but property dualism may be considered a form of emergent materialism or non-reductive physicalism in some sense.
Atheism
5 linksAbsence of belief in the existence of deities.
Absence of belief in the existence of deities.
Historically, metaphysical monism took the form of philosophical materialism, the view that matter formed the basis of all reality; this naturally omitted the possibility of a non-material divine being.
Charvaka
4 linksCharvaka (चार्वाक; IAST: '), also known as ', is an ancient school of Indian materialism or hedonism.
Atomism
4 linksNatural philosophy proposing that the physical universe is composed of fundamental indivisible components known as atoms.
Natural philosophy proposing that the physical universe is composed of fundamental indivisible components known as atoms.
427 – c. 347 BCE), if he had been familiar with the atomism of Democritus, would have objected to its mechanistic materialism.
Mind
4 linksSet of faculties responsible for mental phenomena.
Set of faculties responsible for mental phenomena.
Dualism holds that the mind exists independently of the brain; materialism holds that mental phenomena are identical to neuronal phenomena; and idealism holds that only mental phenomena exist.
Dialectical materialism
4 linksPhilosophy of science, history, and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Philosophy of science, history, and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
In contrast to the conventional Hegelian dialectic of the day, which emphasized the idealist observation that human experience is dependent on the mind's perceptions, Marx developed Marxist dialectics, which emphasized the materialist view that the world of the concrete shapes socioeconomic interactions and that those in turn determine sociopolitical reality.
Dialectic
3 linksDiscourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned argumentation.
Discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned argumentation.
Dialectical materialism, a theory or set of theories produced mainly by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, adapted the Hegelian dialectic into arguments regarding traditional materialism.
Panpsychism
4 linksView that the mind or a mindlike aspect is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality.
View that the mind or a mindlike aspect is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality.
David Chalmers and Philip Goff have each described panpsychism as an alternative to both materialism and dualism.