Max Skladanowsky and Related Topics

Bioscop

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The Bioscop is a movie projector developed in 1895 by German inventors and filmmakers Max Skladanowsky and his brother Emil Skladanowsky (1866–1945).

Movie projector

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Opto-mechanical device for displaying motion picture film by projecting it onto a screen.

An early projector and seats from a movie theater

1910's 35mm hand-cranked tinplate toy movie projector manufactured by Leonhard Müller in Nuremberg, Germany.

35 mm Kinoton FP30ST movie projector, with parts labeled. (Click thumbnail for larger text.)

Mechanical sequence when image is shown twice and then advanced.
Outer sprockets rotate continuously while the frame advance sprockets are controlled by the mechanism shown – a Geneva drive.

Imaging lens Diastar of an Askania 35 mm movie projector (focal length: 400 mm)

Christie AW3 platter, BIG SKY Industries console, and Century SA projector

Simulated wide screen image with 1.96 to 1 ratio as it would be seen in a camera viewfinder or on a theater screen

Simulated anamorphed image with 1.33 to 1 ratio (4:3) as it would appear on a frame of film

Max and Emil Skladanowsky projected motion pictures with their Bioscop, a flickerfree duplex construction, from 1 to 31 November 1895.

Die Serpentintänzerin (also known as Serpentinen Tanz) is an 1895 German short black-and-white silent documentary film, directed and produced by Max Skladanowsky, one of the German-born brothers responsible for inventing the Bioscop.

Kinetoscope

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Early motion-picture exhibition device.

Sheet of images from one of the three Monkeyshines films (c. 1889–90) produced as tests of an early version of the Kinetoscope

An acre in size, Edison's exhibit at the Exposition Universelle included an entire electrical power station. (Smithsonian Institution/William J. Hammer Collection)

Charles Kayser of the Edison lab seated behind the Kinetograph. Portability was not among the camera's virtues.

35 mm filmstrip of the Edison production Butterfly Dance (c. 1894–95), featuring Annabelle Whitford Moore, in the format that would become standard for both still and motion picture photography around the world.

Construction of the imposing Black Maria began in December 1892. In order to take full advantage of sunlight, the tar paper–lined studio was equipped with a hinged, flip-up roof and the entire structure could rotate on a track. "It obeys no architectural rules," declared Dickson, who found it "productive of the happiest effects in the films."

A San Francisco Kinetoscope parlor, c. 1894–95.

Advertisement announcing the initial Kinetoscope exhibition in London, held on October 17, 1894.

The 1895 version of the Kinetophone in use, showing the earphones that lead to the cylinder phonograph within the cabinet

Reverse side of a kinetophone, showing a wax cylinder phonograph driven by a belt.

In the first decade of the 1900s, years before developing the compact Home Projecting Kinetoscope, Edison marketed an essentially theatrical 35 mm Projecting Kinetoscope for domestic use.

Image of a Projecting Kinetoscope published in 1914

Promotion of Kinetophone system, January 1913

European inventors, most prominently the Lumières and Germany's Skladanowsky brothers, were moving forward with similar systems.

Auguste and Louis Lumière

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The Lumière brothers, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière (19 October 1862 – 10 April 1954) and Louis Jean Lumière (5 October 1864 – 6 June 1948), were French manufacturers of photography equipment, best known for their Cinématographe motion picture system and the short films they produced between 1895 and 1905, which places them among the earliest filmmakers.

Cinématographe Lumière at the Institut Lumière, France

Tomb of the Lumière brothers in the New Guillotière Cemetery in Lyon

Lumière ou Projection privée (2010), by the French painter Arnaud Courlet de Vregille, displayed in l'Eden-Théâtre, the first cinema in the world, in La Ciotat.

Lumières La Sortie de l'Usine Lumière à Lyon 1895

Cinématographe advertising poster with image from L'Arroseur arrosé

Autochrome colour picture by Jean-Baptiste Tournassoud of North-African soldiers, Oise, France, 1917.

Their house in Lyon is now the Institut Lumière museum.

Max and Emil Skladanowsky, inventors of the Bioscop, had offered projected moving images to a paying public in Berlin from 1 November 1895 until the end of the month.

Berlin Wintergarten theatre

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Large variety theatre in Berlin-Mitte.

The Skladanowsky brothers showcased the first short film presentation at the theatre in 1895, making it the first Bioscop movie theater in history.

Bauerntanz zweier Kinder

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Bauerntanz zweier Kinder (also known as Italienischer Bauerntanz or Italian Folk dance) is an 1895 German short black-and-white silent documentary film directed by Max Skladanowsky.

Akrobatisches Potpourri

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Akrobatisches Potpourri (also known as Gymnastikerfamilie Grunato) is an 1895 German short black-and-white silent documentary film directed and produced by Max and Emil Skladanowsky and starring the Grunato family.

illustration of the Kineograph in Linnett's 1868 patent

Flip book

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Booklet with a series of images that very gradually change from one page to the next, so that when the pages are viewed in quick succession, the images appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change.

The German film pioneer, Max Skladanowsky, first exhibited his serial photographic images in flip book form in 1894, as he and his brother Emil did not develop their own film projector until the following year.