A report on Saudi ArabiaQatar and Middle East

Map of the Middle East between Africa, Europe, Central Asia, and Southern Asia.
Excavation of a Kassite dye site on Al Khor Island
Middle East map of Köppen climate classification.
Anthropomorphic stela (4th millennium BC), sandstone, 57x27 cm, from El-Maakir-Qaryat al-Kaafa (National Museum of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh)
Western Wall and Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850.
Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem
The "Worshipping Servant" statue (2500 BC), above 1 m in height, is much taller than any possible Mesopotamian or Harappan models. Photo courtesy of the National Museum of Korea.
A 1794 map depicting Catura in the Historical region of Bahrain.
The Kaaba, located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Qaṣr Al-Farīd, the largest of the 131 rock-cut monumental tombs built from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD, with their elaborately ornamented façades, at the extensive ancient Nabatean archaeological site of Hegra located in the area of Al-'Ula within Al Madinah Region in the Hejaz. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008.
A partially restored section of the ruined town of Zubarah.
Islam is the largest religion in the Middle East. Here, Muslim men are prostrating during prayer in a mosque.
Colossal statue from Al-'Ula in the Hejaz (6th–4th century BC), it followed the standardized artistic sculpting of the Lihyanite kingdom, the original statue was painted with white
Qatar in an 1891 Adolf Stieler map
Oil and gas pipelines in the Middle-East
At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) covered 11100000 km2 and 62 million people (29 per cent of the world's population), making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population. It was also larger than any previous empire in history.
Old city of Doha, January 1904.
Abu Dhabi – United Arab Emirates
The Battle of Badr, 13 March 624 CE
Zubarah Fort built in 1938.
Amman – Jordan
Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founding father and first king of Saudi Arabia
A British Wilding series stamp, issued 1 April 1957, and overprinted for use in Qatar.
Ankara – Turkey
Political map of Saudi Arabia
Traditional dhows in front of the West Bay skyline as seen from the Doha Corniche.
Baghdad, Iraq
Map of Saudi Arabian administrative regions and roadways
Amiri Diwan of the State of Qatar, administrative office of the Emir.
Beirut – Lebanon
Map of oil and gas pipelines in the Middle-East
Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani with U.S. President Joe Biden in January 2022.
Cairo – Egypt
King Fahd with US President Ronald Reagan and future US President Donald Trump in 1985. The US and Saudi Arabia supplied money and arms to the anti-Soviet mujahideen fighters in Afghanistan.
Two Qatari Mirage 2000s fly in formation during Air Defense Exercise.
Damascus – Syria
As many as 500 princes, government ministers, and business people, including Prince Fahd bin Abdullah, were arrested by Saudi Arabian authorities as part of the 2017 Saudi Arabian purge
Migrant workers in Doha.
Doha – Qatar
Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh with Bogdan Borusewicz in the Polish Senate, 26 May 2014
Ad Dawhah (Doha), the most populous municipality in Qatar.
Dubai – United Arab Emirates
Verses from the Quran. The Quran is the official constitution of the country and a primary source of law. Saudi Arabia is unique in enshrining a religious text as a political document.
Municipalities of Qatar as of 2014
Istanbul – Turkey
U.S. President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah Al Sisi, 21 May 2017
Commercial district in Doha.
Jerusalem – Israel
U.S. President Barack Obama meets King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, July 2014
High-rise buildings in Doha.
Kuwait City – Kuwait
Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is named after a Saudi king. The kingdom is a strong ally of Pakistan. WikiLeaks claimed that Saudis are "long accustomed to having a significant role in Pakistan's affairs".
Qatar Central Bank's office in Doha.
Manama – Bahrain
Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir with then British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson (now Prime Minister) in London, 16 October 2016
Tourist resort at Banana Island in Qatar
Mecca – Saudi Arabia
Major Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict locations
Oryx GTL plant in Qatar
Muscat – Oman
Flag of Al-Qaeda, a transnational terrorist group formed by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Arabian national of Yemeni and Syrian extraction who was stripped of his Saudi passport in 1994.
A proportional representation of Qatar exports, 2019
Nicosia – Cyprus
"The Saudi pilots training in Italy 1935"—a scene from 'Our Eagles', one of four video wall shows made for the Royal Saudi Air Force Museum
Hamad International Airport
Ramallah – Palestine
Saudi soldiers from the First Airborne Brigade.
Qatar Airways Airbus A380, Qatar Airways, one of the world's largest airlines, links over 150 international destinations from its base in Doha.
Sana'a – Yemen
Deera Square, central Riyadh. It is a former site of public be-headings.
Doha Metro
Tehran – Iran
Saudi Arabia topography
Residential buildings at the Pearl
Tel Aviv – Israel
Harrat Khaybar seen from the International Space Station. Saudi Arabia is home to more than 2000 dormant volcanoes. Lava fields in Hejaz, known locally by their Arabic name of harrat (the singular is harrah), form one of Earth's largest alkali basalt regions, covering some 180000 km2, an area greater than the state of Missouri.
Mosque in Qatar
Some henges at Göbekli Tepe were erected as far back as 9600 BC, predating those of Stonehenge, England, by over seven millennia. The site of the oldest known man-made religious structure.
A proportional representation of Saudi Arabia exports, 2019
National Museum of Qatar in Doha
Western Wall and Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
Office of Saudi Aramco, the world's most valuable company and the main source of revenue for the state
Museum of Islamic Art in Doha
1911 Ottoman calendar shown in several different languages such as: Ottoman Turkish (in Arabic script), Greek, Armenian, Hebrew, Bulgarian, and French.
The hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims.
Qatar National Library in Doha
King Abdullah Financial Center is one of the largest investment centres in the Middle East, located in Riyadh
The news desk of Al Jazeera English, a Qatari news channel
Al-Hasa is known for its palm trees and dates. Al-Hasa has over 30 million palm trees which produce over 100 thousand tons of dates every year.
Lusail Sports Arena
Saudi Arabia population density (people per km2)
Al-Rayyan Stadium
Laboratory buildings at KAUST
Lusail Iconic Stadium with capacity of 80,000 seats.
The Al-Yamamah Private University in Riyadh
Student Center in Education City. Education City houses various educational facilities, including satellite campuses of eight international universities.
UIS literacy rate Saudi Arabia population, 15 plus, 1990–2015
Qatar University
Historical development of life expectancy in Saudi Arabia
Supplicating pilgrim at Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque) in Mecca. The Kaaba is the cubic building in front of the pilgrim.
Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the Islamic holy city of Mecca
Sarah Attar is a track and field athlete who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics as one of the first two female Olympians representing Saudi Arabia.
The Masjid al-Haram is the holiest Islamic site, located in Mecca
The Mosque of the Prophet in Medina containing the tomb of Muhammad
King Abdullah practising falconry, a traditional pursuit in the country
Arabic coffee is a traditional beverage in Arabian cuisine
Uruguay – Saudi Arabia match at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia
The 3000-year-old ancient historical city of Dumat al-Jandal in Al Jawf Province
The old city of Jeddah
Jabal Sawda ({{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}) located in the 'Asir subrange of the Sarat Mountains
Abha City, located {{convert|2270|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level in the 'Asir Region
Beach promenade in Al-Wajh
Dhi 'ain village located in Al Bahah Province
The desert of Al-Rub' Al-Khali (The Empty Quarter)
Saad Khader from left and right Mohammad Al-Ali in 1979

It occupies the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and shares its sole land border with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf.

- Qatar

It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south.

- Saudi Arabia

The most populous countries in the region are Egypt, Iran, and Turkey, while Saudi Arabia is the largest Middle Eastern country by area.

- Middle East

The kingdom spends 8% of its GDP on the military (highest in the world after Oman), which places it as the world's third biggest military spender behind the United States and China, and the world's largest arms importer from 2015 to 2019, receiving half of all the US arms exports to the Middle East.

- Saudi Arabia

In 1958, the State Department explained that the terms "Near East" and "Middle East" were interchangeable, and defined the region as including only Egypt, Syria, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar.

- Middle East

Qatar has become one of the most open countries in the Middle East due to its recent visa facilitation improvements, including allowing nationals of 88 countries to enter visa-free and free-of charge.

- Qatar

5 related topics with Alpha

Overall

United Arab Emirates

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2nd century BCE era jar found in Mleiha Archaeological site in Sharjah.
A painting of the Portuguese Empire Doba Fortress in Dibba Al-Hisn in 1620.
Purple – Portuguese in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th century. Main cities, ports and routes.
A painting depicting the burning of the coastal town and port of Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah during the Persian Gulf campaign of 1809.
Dhayah Fort at the hill top. In 1819 it was the last Al-Qasimi stronghold to fall in the Persian Gulf campaign of 1819. The fall of Dhayah was to pave the way for the signing of the General Maritime Treaty of 1820.
Dubai in 1950; the area in this photo shows Bur Dubai in the foreground (centered on Al-Fahidi Fort); Deira in middle-right on the other side of the creek; and Al Shindagha (left) and Al Ras (right) in the background across the creek again from Deira
Historic photo depicting the first hoisting of the United Arab Emirates flag by the rulers of the emirates at The Union House, Dubai on 2 December 1971
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the first President of the United Arab Emirates and is recognised as the father of the nation.
View of Dubai
Satellite image of United Arab Emirates
Roads leading to Jebel Jais, the highest mountain in the UAE (1,892 m), in Ras Al Khaimah.
Acacia trees growing in desert suburbs near Fujairah
Entrance to Qasr Al Watan, the presidential palace in Abu Dhabi.
Emirati Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan (furthest right) at the signing of the Abraham Accords.
United Arab Emirates Air Force F-16 Block 60 "Desert Falcon", taking off from the Lockheed Martin plant in Fort Worth, Texas.
Dubai Police helicopter flying at sunset.
A man pictured with alcoholic beverages in Dubai. Alcoholic beverages were not widely available in the UAE before 2020
Dubai Police super-car motorcade at Jumeirah Road
Protest against the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, March 2018
Two south Asian blue-collar workers posing for a picture with Burj Khalifa on the background.
Dubai construction workers having lunch break.
Dubai Media City is home to diverse news and tech companies.
Burj Khalifa is the tallest human-made structure in the world.
Abu Dhabi skyline
A proportional representation of United Arab Emirates exports, 2019
Dubai Marina Skyline
Ruwais Refinery is the fourth-largest single-site oil refinery in the world and the biggest in the Middle East.
Dubai Marina Beach
E 311, one of major roads in the UAE.
A Dubai Metro train. Dubai Metro is the Arabian peninsula's first rapid transit system and was the world's longest driverless metro network until 2016.
An Emirati folk dance, the women flip their hair sideways in brightly coloured traditional dress.
A band performs Yowlah in an Emirati wedding. Yowlah is a cultural dance derived from Arab tribes sword battles.
Arabic coffee with lugaimat; a traditional Emirati sweet.
Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi
Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi.
Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi
University City Hall is the largest hall located in University City in Sharjah. Graduation ceremonies of American University of Sharjah, University of Sharjah, and Higher Colleges of Technology are notably held here.
Abu Dhabi University
Residential villas in the Palm Jumeirah palm fronds in Dubai.
Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Abu Dhabi.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE; الإمارات العربية المتحدة ), or simply the Emirates (الإمارات ), is a country in Western Asia (The Middle East).

It is located at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula and shares borders with Oman and Saudi Arabia, while having maritime borders in the Persian Gulf with Qatar and Iran.

Arab world

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The Arab world (العالم العربي '), formally the Arab homeland (الوطن العربي '), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states''', consists of the 22 Arab countries which are members of the Arab League.

The Arab world (العالم العربي '), formally the Arab homeland (الوطن العربي '), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية '), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states''', consists of the 22 Arab countries which are members of the Arab League.

Salah Zulfikar and Faten Hamama in the premiere of Bain Al-Atlal ("Among the Ruins") in Cairo, 1959
The Great Mosque of Kairouan (also called the Mosque of Uqba) was founded in 670 by the Arab general and conqueror Uqba ibn Nafi. The Great Mosque of Kairouan is located in the historic city of Kairouan in Tunisia.
The Maghreb (Western Arab world)
Abbasid caliphate (750 – 1258 CE)

In Saudi Arabia, Ismailite pockets are also found in the eastern Al-Hasa region and the southern city of Najran.

Elsewhere in North Africa and the Middle East, film production was scarce until the late 1960s and early 1970s when filmmakers began to received funding and financial assistance from state organizations.

In terms of GDP per capita, Qatar is the richest developing country in the world.

Arabian Peninsula

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Peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.

Peninsula of Western Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.

Satellite view of the Arabian Peninsula
The geographical and political boundaries of the Arabian Peninsula
The constituent countries of Arabia
The Haraz Mountains in western Yemen include Arabia's highest mountain, Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb or Jabal Hadhur near Sanaa
Ancient coins from Failaka Island, Kuwait
Sabaean inscription addressed to the god Almaqah, mentioning five Ancient Yemeni gods, two reigning sovereigns and two governors, 7th century BC
Age of the Caliphs
Arab tribes before the spread of Islam
Portuguese colonies in Arabia.
Ottoman territories on the Arabian Peninsula acquired between 1517 and 1590 (See: list of territories)
Arabian peninsula during 1900s.
The peninsula in right before World War I.
Jebel Hafeet on the border of Oman and the UAE, near the city of Al Ain. It can be considered an outlier of Al Hajar Mountains.<ref name="Gardner 01-2004"/>
The northeastern Hajar Mountains, shared by Oman and the UAE, as seen from the desert of Sharjah
The Dhofar mountainous region in southeastern Oman, where the city of Salalah is located, is a tourist destination known for its annual khareef season
The Hadhramaut Mountains of eastern Yemen, contiguous with the Omani Dhofar range, as seen from the city of Al-Mukalla
Terraced fields in the Harazi subrange of the Sarawat Mountains in western Yemen
Jabal Sawdah of the 'Asir range in southwestern Saudi Arabia, in Asir Region near the border with Yemen
The Faifa mountains in the Jazan Region, southwestern Saudi Arabia.
The Midian Mountains of Tabuk Province, in northwestern Saudi Arabia, near the border with Jordan
The Aja subrange of the Shammar Mountains in the region of Ha'il, northern Saudi Arabia
The Tuwaiq Escarpment or Tuwayr mountainous region in the Najd, southwest of the Saudi capital city of Riyadh
The old city of Sanaa, Yemen. Peninsular Arabs trace their lineage to Qahtan, who was reportedly based in Yemen.
A map of the peninsula made in 1720 by the German publisher Christoph Weigel
Ain Zubaydah was built to water the pilgrims in Mecca by order of Zubaidah bint Ja'far
Omar Mosque in Dumat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia.
The facade of a tomb with its details and architectural elements.
Qasr al Farid, tomb in Archeological site Mada'in Saleh, Al-`Ula, Saudi Arabia
Diriyah the capital of the first Saudi state
Dam of Ma'rib
Himyarite King Dhamar'ali Yahbur II
Arad Fort in Bahrain
Nizwa Fort in Oman
The ruins of Umayyad city in the historic Jumeirah district of Dubai.
Bull's head, made of copper in the early period of Dilmun (ca. 2000 BC), Bahrain.
The head and body of a Saluki is made of stone from the Al-Magar civilization, in the Neolithic period, (about 8000 BC).
Midian

Geographically, the Arabian Peninsula includes Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen, as well as the southern portions of Iraq and Jordan.

Muhammad established a new unified polity in the Arabian peninsula which under the subsequent Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion of Arab power well beyond the Arabian peninsula in the form of a vast Muslim Arab Empire with an area of influence that stretched from the northwest Indian subcontinent, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, southern Italy, and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees.

Bahrain

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Island country in Western Asia.

Island country in Western Asia.

A 1745 Bellin map of the historical region of Bahrain
Map showing the locations of the ancient burial mounds. There are an estimated 350,000 burial mounds.
The Persian Empire in Sassanid era on the eve of the Arab conquest, c. 600 AD.
Facsimile of a letter sent by Muhammad to Munzir ibn-Sawa al-Tamimi, governor of Bahrain, in AD 628
The Portuguese Fort of Barém, built by the Portuguese Empire while it ruled Bahrain from 1521 to 1602.
Arad Fort in Arad; constructed before the Portuguese assumed control.
Purple – Portuguese in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th centuries. Main cities, ports and routes.
This photograph shows the coronation of Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa as the Hakim of Bahrain in February 1933.
Map of Bahrain in 1825.
Manama harbor, c. 1870
A photograph of the First Oil Well in Bahrain, with oil first being extracted in 1931
Overview of Manama, 1953.
Manama souq in 1965
Satellite view of Bahrain and eastern Saudi Arabia in 2016.
Bahrain map 2014
Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) are native to Bahrain.
Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the King of Bahrain
of the Royal Bahraini Navy taking part in a multilateral sea exercise
King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa meets U.S. President Donald Trump, May 2017
Bahraini protests against the ruling Al Khalifa family in 2011
Several people held a sit-in in solidarity with human rights activist Nabeel Rajab
GDP per capita development in Bahrain
A proportional representation of Bahrain exports, 2019
Manama skyline as viewed from Juffair
The cities of Muharraq (foreground) and Manama (background)
The Tree of Life, a 9.75 meters high Prosopis cineraria tree that is over 400 years old
The King Fahd Causeway as seen from space
Bahrainis observing public prayers in Manama
Gudaibiya mosque, in Manama
Female students at the University of Bahrain dressed in traditional garb
Ambulance in International Hospital of Bahrain
The Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa house is an example of traditional architecture in Bahrain.
An artisan making pottery using the traditional mud and water mixture on a revolving wheel.
The Bahrain national football team playing Australia on June 10, 2009, in a World Cup qualifier
The podium ceremony at the 2007 Bahrain Grand Prix

Bahrain is situated between Qatar and the northeastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the King Fahd Causeway.

It is one of three countries in the Middle East in which Shiites are the majority, the other two being Iraq and Iran.

OPEC

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Intergovernmental organization of countries.

Intergovernmental organization of countries.

OPEC Conference delegates at Swissotel, Quito, Ecuador, December 2010.
OPEC headquarters in Vienna
(2009 building).
An undersupplied US gasoline station, closed during the oil embargo in 1973.
A woman uses wood in a fireplace for heat. A newspaper headline in the foreground shows a story regarding a lack of heating oil in the community.
Fluctuations of OPEC net oil export revenues since 1972
One of the hundreds of Kuwaiti oil fires set by retreating Iraqi troops in 1991
Fluctuations of Brent crude oil price, 1988–2015
OPEC members' net oil export revenues, 2000–2020
Countries by net oil exports (2008).
Countries by oil production (2013)
Gusher well in Saudi Arabia: conventional source of OPEC production
Shale "fracking" in the US: important new challenge to OPEC market share
Logo for JODI, in which OPEC is a founding member.
Sulfur content and API gravity of different types of crude oil.

Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state.

Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar are former OPEC members.

As of January 2020, OPEC has 13 member countries: five in the Middle East (Western Asia), seven in Africa, and one in South America.