A report on Morphine and WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

A localized reaction to intravenous morphine caused by histamine release in the veins
2017 marked the 40th anniversary of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
Before the Morphine by Santiago Rusiñol
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of aspirin
Morphine Hydrochloride Ampoule for Veterinary Use
A skeletal model of the chemical structure of albendazole
Latex bleeding from a freshly-scored seed pod
Pure crystals of ethambutol
Morphine biosynthesis in the opium poppy
Two capsules of atazanavir
Chemical structure of morphine. The benzylisoquinoline backbone is shown in green.
Bag containing one unit of fresh frozen plasma
Morphine structure showing its standard ring lettering and carbon numbering system.
A vial of oral cholera vaccine
Same structure, but in a three-dimensional perspective.
First generation production of alkaloids from licit latex-derived opium
Friedrich Sertürner
Advertisement for curing morphine addiction, c. 1900
An ampoule of morphine with integral needle for immediate use. Also known as a "syrette". From WWII. On display at the Army Medical Services Museum.
Example of different morphine tablets
Two capsules (5 mg & 10 mg) of morphine sulfate extended- release
1 milliliter ampoule containing 10 mg of morphine

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

- Morphine

Morphine

- WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
A localized reaction to intravenous morphine caused by histamine release in the veins

5 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Fentanyl

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Powerful opioid used as a pain medication and, together with other medications, for anesthesia.

Powerful opioid used as a pain medication and, together with other medications, for anesthesia.

A fentanyl nasal spray with a strength of 100 μg per use
A fentanyl transdermal patch with a release rate of 12 micrograms per hour, on a person's arm
US yearly overdose deaths, and some of the drugs involved. Among the more than 70,200 deaths estimated in 2017, the sharpest increase occurred among deaths related to fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (other ) with over 28,400 overdose deaths.
US yearly deaths involving other, predominantly fentanyl.
A package of 30 tablets, 600 mcg of fentanyl, each
Fentanyl powder (23% fentanyl) seized by a sheriff

It is around 100 times stronger than morphine and about 50 times stronger than heroin.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Naloxone

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Medication used to reverse the effects of opioids.

Medication used to reverse the effects of opioids.

A naloxone kit as distributed in British Columbia, Canada

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Oxymorphone, in turn, was derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic and naturally occurring constituent of the opium poppy.

Major routes of ketamine metabolism.

Ketamine

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Medication primarily used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.

Medication primarily used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia.

Major routes of ketamine metabolism.
Preparation of Ketamine.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Adjunctive to morphine or on its own, ketamine reduces morphine use, pain level, nausea, and vomiting after surgery.

The recreational drug lean can be created with codeine syrup (pictured).

Codeine

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The recreational drug lean can be created with codeine syrup (pictured).

Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Ball-and-stick model of loperamide molecule

Loperamide

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Medication used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea.

Medication used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea.

Ball-and-stick model of loperamide molecule

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

It works like morphine, decreasing the activity of the myenteric plexus, which decreases the tone of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscles of the intestinal wall.