A report on Mount Kailash

Thangka depicting Mount Kailash

6714 m high peak in the Kailash Range (Gangdisê Mountains), which forms part of the Transhimalaya in the Ngari Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region of China, close to India and Nepal borders in the South.

- Mount Kailash
Thangka depicting Mount Kailash

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Yungdrung is a left-facing swastika, a sacred symbol of Bon religion.

Bon

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Tibetan religious tradition with many similarities to Tibetan Buddhism and also many unique features.

Tibetan religious tradition with many similarities to Tibetan Buddhism and also many unique features.

Yungdrung is a left-facing swastika, a sacred symbol of Bon religion.
A statue of Tonpa Shenrab, the central Buddha in Yungdrug Bon
Tonpa Shenrab life story, 19th-century painting, Rubin Museum of Art
Tapihritsa, a Bon siddha from Zhangzhung.
A manuscript containing a Buddhist criticism of an ancient Bon funeral ritual.
The Bon terton (treasure discoverer) Shenchen Luga (11th century), a key figure of the renaissance period.
Sanggye Lingpa (1705-1735), Tibet, 19th century, Rubin Museum of Art
Menri Monastery, India
Yungdrung Bon Lamas
14th Dalai Lama and Tenzin Namdak in 1978
The Bon monastery of Nangzhik Gompa at Ngawa Town, in Sichuan.
Lopön Tenzin Namdak, abbot of a Bon monastery in Nepal and a well known teacher of Bonpo Dzogchen
A thangka depicting the lineage lamas of the Aural Tradition of Zhangzhung.
Kunzang Akor, Central Tibet, 16th century.
Trowo Tsochog Khagying

Followers of Bon, known as Bonpos (Wylie: bon po), believe that the religion originated in a land called Bonitwa-Himalayas perhaps also the area around Mount Kailash in Tibet.

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

Jainism

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Ancient Indian religion.

Ancient Indian religion.

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).
Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism
Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)
Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850
Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant
A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering
Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka
Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali
Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.
Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City
The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)
Shikharji
Idol of Suparśvanātha
A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.
Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.
The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.
Ranakpur Jain Temple
Dilwara Temples
Parshvanath Temple in Khajuraho
Girnar Jain temples
Jal Mandir, Pawapuri
Lodhurva Jain temple
Palitana temples
Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka
Jain temple, Antwerp, Belgium
Brahma Jinalaya, Lakkundi
Hutheesing Jain Temple

Siddhakshetra – Site of the moksha of an arihant (kevalin) or tirthankara, such as: Ashtapada of Rishabhanatha, Shikharji of 20 Tirthankara, Girnar of Neminatha, Pawapuri of Mahaveera, Champapuri (capital of Anga) of Vasupujya, Mangi-Tungi of Ram, Palitana of 3 Pandavas.

Mother-Goddess Parvati with her infant son Ganesha

Parvati

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Supreme divinity and the Hindu goddess of power, energy, nourishment, harmony, love, beauty, devotion, and motherhood.

Supreme divinity and the Hindu goddess of power, energy, nourishment, harmony, love, beauty, devotion, and motherhood.

Mother-Goddess Parvati with her infant son Ganesha
Coinage of Kushan ruler Huvishka with, on the reverse, the divine couple Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, and Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva) with four arms holding attributes. Circa 150-180 CE.
12th century Parvati sculpture from Odisha.
Wall carvings in the 6th-century Ellora Caves: A scene depicting Kalyanasundara – the wedding of Shiva (four-armed figure, right) and Parvati (two-armed, left).
Parvati with Shiva and sons Ganesha (leftmost) and Kartikeya (rightmost). Parvati is depicted with green complexion, denoting dark complexion.
Shiva and Parvati as Uma-Maheshvara; 11th-century sculpture.
Parvati being celebrated at Gauri Festival, Rajasthan.
Attributed to Khushala The Gods Sing and Dance for Shiva and Parvati (late 18th century)
Meenakshi Amman temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu is a major temple dedicated to Meenakshi, an aspect of Hindu goddess Parvati.
Pillar temple with offerings to Dewi Sri. She is variously interpreted as Parvati or as Lakshmi.
Parvati with Shiva and sons Ganesha (leftmost) and Kartikeya (rightmost). Parvati is depicted with green complexion, denoting dark complexion.
Shiva and Parvati as Uma-Maheshvara; 11th-century sculpture.
Parvati being celebrated at Gauri Festival, Rajasthan.
Meenakshi Amman temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu is a major temple dedicated to Meenakshi, an aspect of Hindu goddess Parvati.

After the marriage, Parvati moves to Mount Kailash, the residence of Shiva.

Ravananugraha, Annamalaiyar Temple, Thiruvannamalai

Ravananugraha

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Ravananugraha, Annamalaiyar Temple, Thiruvannamalai
Ravananugraha panel at the Hoysaleswara temple, Halebid, Karnataka (c. 1150 CE)
An elaborate portrayal of the Ravananugraha scene at Banteay Srei. A multi-tiered Kailash depicts many sages, divinities on it, while animals run terrified in the bottom tier. On the top of the Mount, a Shiva calm sits with a scared Parvati on his lap.
Ravana places his head-veena beneath Kailash as Shiva and Parvati sit atop it.

Ravananugraha or Ravananugraha-murti ("form showing favour to Ravana" ) is a benevolent aspect of the Hindu god Shiva, depicted seated on his abode Mount Kailash with his consort Parvati, while the rakshasa-king (demon-king) Ravana of Lanka tries to shake it.

thumb |Location of Transhimalaya which includes Lhasa Terrane. In the north, Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone separates Transhimalaya from the Qiangtang terrane. In the south, Indus-Yarlung suture zone separates it from Himalayas.

Transhimalaya

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1600 km mountain range in China, India and Nepal, extending in a west–east direction parallel to the main Himalayan range.

1600 km mountain range in China, India and Nepal, extending in a west–east direction parallel to the main Himalayan range.

thumb |Location of Transhimalaya which includes Lhasa Terrane. In the north, Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone separates Transhimalaya from the Qiangtang terrane. In the south, Indus-Yarlung suture zone separates it from Himalayas.
thumb |Tectonic map of the Himalaya, modified after {{Harvtxt|Le Fort|Cronin|1988}}. Red is Transhimalaya. Green is Indus-Yarlung suture zone, north of which lies Lhasa terrane, follow by Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone and then Qiangtang terrane.

These include the Kangrinboqê National Forest Park in China, the Pin Valley National Park (675 sq. km.) and Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary (1400 sq. km.) in India and parts of the Annapurna Conservation Area (7,629 sq. km.) in Nepal.

Map including Gangdise Shan (labeled as KANG-TI-SSU SHAN (KAILAS RANGE)) (ATC, 1971)

Gangdise Shan

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Mountain range on the Tibetan Plateau in Tibet and the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Mountain range on the Tibetan Plateau in Tibet and the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Map including Gangdise Shan (labeled as KANG-TI-SSU SHAN (KAILAS RANGE)) (ATC, 1971)

One of the Gangdise Shan's peaks, Mount Kailash, is a sacred place in four religions.

Sculpture of Ravana from the 18th century CE

Ravana

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Rakshasa (a demonic creature in Hindu mythology) king of the island of Lanka, and the chief antagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana and its adaptations.

Rakshasa (a demonic creature in Hindu mythology) king of the island of Lanka, and the chief antagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana and its adaptations.

Sculpture of Ravana from the 18th century CE
Statue of Ravana at Koneswaram Hindu Temple, Sri Lanka
Ravananugraha theme
Queen Mandodari and the women of Lanka mourning the death of Ravana. Bas-relief of 9th century Prambanan temple, Java, Indonesia.
Ravana in Sanskrit drama of Kerala, India- Kutiyattam. Artist: Guru Nātyāchārya Māni Mādhava Chākyār.
Thotsakan (Ravana)'s sculpture as a guardian of Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand
Ravana with Hanuman in tholu bommalata, a shadow puppet tradition of Andhra Pradesh, India
A carnival of Ravana
An effigy of Ravana with burning sparklers on Dusshera. Dashehra Diwali Mela in Manchester, England, 2006.
Ravana on a brass chariot of Searsole Rajbari, West Bengal, India

One of the most popular images of Shiva is called "Ravananugraha", which was popular in the Gupta era and depicts Ravana beneath Mount Kailash playing the veena made out of his head and hand with strings made out of his tendons while Shiva and Parvati sit on top of the mountain.

Bhutanese thangka of Mount Meru and the Buddhist universe, 19th century, Trongsa Dzong, Trongsa, Bhutan

Mount Meru (Buddhism)

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Bhutanese thangka of Mount Meru and the Buddhist universe, 19th century, Trongsa Dzong, Trongsa, Bhutan
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a lotus.

Mount Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.

Draupadi and the Pandavas worshipping Shiva

Pandava

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The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, IAST: pāṇḍava) refers to the five brothers, Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva, who are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu and central to the epic of Mahabharata.

The Pandavas (Sanskrit: पाण्डव, IAST: pāṇḍava) refers to the five brothers, Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva, who are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu and central to the epic of Mahabharata.

Draupadi and the Pandavas worshipping Shiva
Portrait of the Pandavas in Mayasabha
Indra blesses Kunti with a son.
Pandavas' Journeying With Their Mother
Draupadi is presented in a pachisi game where Yudhishthira has gambled away all his material wealth.
Pandava Caves: According to the mythological sources Pandavas stayed here during their exile.
Yudhishthira and Yama (in form of a dog) ascending to Heaven
Five Pandavas in Wayang form. From left to right: Bhima, Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Nakula and Sahadeva. Indonesia Museum, Jakarta.
Pandu shoots Kindama, who is disguised as a deer

For this purpose, they all climbed Mount Kailash, which leads to the Swarga Loka.

Different degrees of bowing and prostration, here drawn from Eastern Orthodox religious liturgical use

Prostration

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Placement of the body in a reverentially or submissively prone position as a gesture.

Placement of the body in a reverentially or submissively prone position as a gesture.

Different degrees of bowing and prostration, here drawn from Eastern Orthodox religious liturgical use
During a Good Friday liturgy, a Christian clergyman prostrates himself in accordance with the rubrics in the Book of Worship. The processional cross is veiled in black, the liturgical colour associated with Good Friday in many Western Christian denominations.
Buddhist pilgrims prostrating at the Jokhang.
White-clad deacon candidates prostrate before the altar of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles during their ordination liturgy
Eastern Orthodox pilgrims making prostrations at Golgotha in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem.
In Islam, sajadat (prostrations) occupy a quintessential position in the five obligatory (fardh) daily ritual prayers.
The prophet Abraham prostrates himself before three visitors
Kowtow in China
Actors prostrating in dogeza. The Actors, Ichikawa Ebizo III and Ichikawa Shinnosuke, woodblock color print by Toyokuni c. 1800.

This is often done round a stupa, and in an extremely arduous pilgrimage, Mount Kailash is circumnavigated entirely by this method, which takes about four weeks to complete the 52 kilometre route.