Movie projector and Related Topics

A modern 4K digital cinema camera in 2018, Canon EOS C700 MultiDyne

Movie camera

Type of photographic camera that rapidly takes a sequence of photographs, either on an image sensor or onto film stock, in order to produce a moving image to project onto a movie screen.

The chronophotographic gun invented by Étienne-Jules Marey.

Charles Kayser of the Edison lab seated behind the Kinetograph. Portability was not among the camera's virtues.

Film-gun at the Institut Lumière, France

The Aeroscope (1909) was the first hand-held movie camera.

The Red EPIC camera has been used to shoot numerous feature filmsincluding The Amazing Spiderman and The Hobbit.

Basic operation: When the shutter inside the camera is opened, the film is illuminated. When the shutter is completely covering the film gate, the film strip is being moved one frame further by one or two claws which advance the film by engaging and pulling it through the perforations.

Multiple cameras to take surround images (1900 Cinéorama system, for modern version see Circle-Vision 360°

Various German Agfa Movex Standard 8 home movie cameras

The strips of frames are projected through a movie projector at a specific frame rate (number of frames per second) to show a moving picture.

Film gauge

Physical property of photographic or motion picture film stock which defines its width.

Larger film gauge is generally associated with higher image quality, higher image detail, greater materials expense, heavier camera equipment, larger and most costly projection equipment, as well as greater bulk and weight for distribution and storage (both interim and archival).

Projection screen

Installation consisting of a surface and a support structure used for displaying a projected image for the view of an audience.

Home theater projection screen displaying a high-definition television image

An overhead projector projecting onto a pull-down screen

Different markets exist for screens targeted for use with digital projectors, movie projectors, overhead projectors and slide projectors, although the basic idea for each of them is very much the same: front projection screens work on diffusely reflecting the light projected on to them, whereas back-projection screens work by diffusely transmitting the light through them.

Animated GIF of Prof. Stampfer's Stroboscopische Scheibe No. X (Trentsensky & Vieweg 1833)

Film

Work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images.

An animated GIF of a photographic sequence shot by Eadweard Muybridge in 1878. His chronophotographic works can be regarded as very short movies that were recorded before there was a proper way to replay the material in motion.

A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest surviving film produced using a motion picture camera, by Louis Le Prince, 1888

A famous shot from Georges Méliès Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film and also an early science fiction film.

Salah Zulfikar, one of the most popular actors in the golden age of Egyptian Cinema

This 16 mm spring-wound Bolex "H16" Reflex camera is a popular entry level camera used in film schools.

Founded in 1912, the Babelsberg Studio near Berlin was the first large-scale film studio in the world, and the forerunner to Hollywood. It still produces global blockbusters every year.

The Lumière Brothers, who were among the first filmmakers

Salah Zulfikar and Faten Hamama in the premiere of Bain Al-Atlal ("Among the Ruins") in Cairo, 1959

An animated image of a horse, made using eight pictures.

An animation of the retouched Sallie Garner card from The Horse in Motion series (1878–1879) by Muybridge. His chronophotographic works can be regarded as very short movies that were recorded before there was a proper way to replay the material in motion.

The images are transmitted through a movie projector at the same rate as they were recorded, with a Geneva drive ensuring that each frame remains still during its short projection time.

Video projector

About home and business projectors; for video projectors used in movie theaters, see digital cinema.

A Zenith Electronics 1200 CRT Projector based home theater, ca. 2006.

Video projectors are used for many applications such as conference room presentations, classroom training, home cinema, movie theaters and concerts, having mostly replaced overhead, slide and conventional film projectors.

Digital cinema

This article focuses on digital projection and distribution in cinemas.

Texas Instruments, DLP Cinema Prototype Projector, Mark V, 2000

AMC Theatres former corporate headquarters in Kansas City, prior to their 2013 move to Leawood, Kansas.

Digital movies are projected using a digital video projector instead of a film projector, are shot using digital movie cameras and edited using a non-linear editing system (NLE).

Eadweard Muybridge

Galloping horse, animated using photos by Muybridge

Muybridge's childhood home in Kingston upon Thames

Photo of Vernal Falls at Yosemite by Eadweard Muybridge, 1872

One of a series of Muybridge photos documenting the construction of the San Francisco Mint

Albumen silver print photograph of Muybridge in 1867 at base of the Ulysses S. Grant tree "71 Feet in Circumference" in the Mariposa Grove, Yosemite, by Carleton Watkins

Animated gif from frame 1 to 11 of The Horse in Motion. "Sallie Gardner", owned by Leland Stanford, running at a 1:40 pace over the Palo Alto track, 19 June 1878

Plate 175. Crossing brook on stepping-stones with a fishing pole and can, 1887

American bison canteringanimated using 1887 photos by Eadweard Muybridge

Patent model of one of Muybridge's machines for photographing objects in motion, 1879

Eadweard Muybridge statue at the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio of San Francisco

Title page of the first edition of Descriptive Zoopraxography

Cooking eggs at the Witches' Cauldron (c. 1867–1871)

South Farallon Island, Sea Lions in Main Top Bay (c. 1867–1872)

Animation of original Muybridge sequence (1887)

Eadweard Muybridge (9 April 1830 – 8 May 1904, born Edward James Muggeridge) was an English photographer known for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection.

Zoopraxiscope

The zoopraxiscope (initially named zoographiscope and zoogyroscope) is an early device for displaying moving images and is considered an important predecessor of the movie projector.

Kinetoscope

Early motion-picture exhibition device.

Sheet of images from one of the three Monkeyshines films (c. 1889–90) produced as tests of an early version of the Kinetoscope

An acre in size, Edison's exhibit at the Exposition Universelle included an entire electrical power station. (Smithsonian Institution/William J. Hammer Collection)

35 mm filmstrip of the Edison production Butterfly Dance (c. 1894–95), featuring Annabelle Whitford Moore, in the format that would become standard for both still and motion picture photography around the world.

Construction of the imposing Black Maria began in December 1892. In order to take full advantage of sunlight, the tar paper–lined studio was equipped with a hinged, flip-up roof and the entire structure could rotate on a track. "It obeys no architectural rules," declared Dickson, who found it "productive of the happiest effects in the films."

A San Francisco Kinetoscope parlor, c. 1894–95.

Advertisement announcing the initial Kinetoscope exhibition in London, held on October 17, 1894.

The 1895 version of the Kinetophone in use, showing the earphones that lead to the cylinder phonograph within the cabinet

Reverse side of a kinetophone, showing a wax cylinder phonograph driven by a belt.

In the first decade of the 1900s, years before developing the compact Home Projecting Kinetoscope, Edison marketed an essentially theatrical 35 mm Projecting Kinetoscope for domestic use.

Image of a Projecting Kinetoscope published in 1914

Promotion of Kinetophone system, January 1913

The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but it introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video.

Max and Emil Skladanowsky in front of a projection screen

Max Skladanowsky

German inventor and early filmmaker.

Max Skladanowsky (right) in 1934 with his brother Eugen and the Bioscop

Along with his brother Emil, he invented the Bioscop, an early movie projector the Skladanowsky brothers used to display the first moving picture show to a paying audience on 1 November 1895, shortly before the public debut of the Lumière Brothers' Cinématographe in Paris on 28 December 1895.