A report on Muromachi period

Hana-no-Gosho (Flower Palace) in Kyoto
Muromachi samurai (1538)
A ship of the Muromachi period (1538)
Muromachi-era illustration to a fictional narrative
Music scene during the Muromachi period (1538)
Nanban ships arriving for trade in Japan. 16th-century painting.
A Japanese votive altar, Nanban style. End of 16th century. Guimet Museum.
Ryōan-ji rock garden

Division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573.

- Muromachi period
Hana-no-Gosho (Flower Palace) in Kyoto

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Ashikaga shogunate

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Structure of the bakufu
Marker for the site of the Flower Palace, Kyoto

The Ashikaga shogunate (足利幕府), also known as the Muromachi shogunate (室町幕府), was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.

19th century-painting by Utagawa Yoshitora, depicting a battle of the war

Ōnin War

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19th century-painting by Utagawa Yoshitora, depicting a battle of the war
Situation in 1467. Areas loyal to or allied with Hosokawa Katsumoto in pink, areas loyal to or allied with Yamana Sōzen in light green.
Painting depicting a battle during the Ōnin War
Marker at location of outbreak of the Ōnin War

The Ōnin War (応仁の乱), also known as the Upheaval of Ōnin and Ōnin-Bunmei war, was a civil war that lasted from 1467 to 1477, during the Muromachi period in Japan.

Kanji that make up the word shogun

Shogun

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The title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868.

The title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868.

Kanji that make up the word shogun
Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811) was one of the first shoguns of the early Heian period
Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun (1192–1199) of the Kamakura shogunate
Ashikaga Takauji (1336/1338–1358) established the Ashikaga shogunate
Ukiyo-e of Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder of the Tokugawa shogunate
Shogun hearing a lawsuit at Fukiage (of Edo Castle) by Toyohara Chikanobu
Imperial Seal of Japan
Ashikaga Takauji (1336/1338–1358) established the Ashikaga shogunate

The Ashikaga had their headquarters in the Muromachi district of Kyoto, and the time during which they ruled is also known as the Muromachi period.

Kyoto

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Capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan.

Capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan.

Kyoto seen from Mount Atago in the northwest corner of the city
Light blue represents the Kyoto metropolitan area defined by Kyōto Toshiken Jichitai Network and blue represents Kyoto MEA.
Kyoto International Conference Center
Kyoto City Hall
Kyoto Economic Center
Nintendo main headquarters
Kyoto University
Kansai Airport express Haruka at Kyōto Station
Inside Kyōto Station
Railway map around Kyoto City
Shinkansen at Kyoto Station
An express service bound for Kokusaikaikan Station of the Karasuma Line is running on Kintetsu Kyoto Line
Platform screen doors at Higashiyama Station of the Tōzai Line
A typical Kyoto Municipal Bus
Shijō Street
Kyoto and Karasuma Street seen from Kyoto Tower
Expressway map around Kyoto City. Roads and junctions under planning are shown by dotted lines.
Tourists on street near Kiyomizu-dera
Umekoji Steam Locomotive Museum
Kyoto Botanical Garden
A tsukemono shop on Nishiki Street
A monk by the Katsura River in Arashiyama
Ponto-chō Street
Geishas in Kyoto
Sanga Stadium by Kyocera, home of Kyoto Sanga FC.
18th-century map with the Japanese capital "Meaco"
Kyōto Station (2018)
Teramachi (2018)
Kawaramachi (2017)
Kyoto Skylines from Kiyomizu-dera(2015)
Kyoto International Manga Museum (2008)
Rakutō (Yamashina)
Rakutō (Lake Biwa Canal)
Rakusai (Katsura)
Rakusai (Arashiyama)
Rakunan (Momoyama)
Rakunan (Fushimi)
Rakuhoku (Kitaōji)
Rakuhoku (Kamigamo)
Shimogamo Shrine
Kamigamo Shrine(Kamo Shrine)
Emperor Kanmu
Daidairi (palace in the center) and the cityscape of Heian-kyō
Ōnin War
Nijō Castle
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Jurakudai
Sanjō Ōhashi (The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō)
Perspective Pictures of Places in Japan: Sanjūsangen-dō in Kyoto
Fushimi Castle
Kinmon incident
Battle of Toba–Fushimi (Boshin War)
View of Kyoto from beside the Hondō of Kiyomizudera. – 1879<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://coololdphotos.com/beautiful-kiyomizu-dera-temple-in-kyoto-japan-c-1879/ |title=Beautiful Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto, Japan c. 1879 |last=Tom |date=2015-08-25 |website=Cool Old Photos |language=en-US |access-date=2019-03-03 |archive-date=2019-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043552/https://coololdphotos.com/beautiful-kiyomizu-dera-temple-in-kyoto-japan-c-1879/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Nanzenji aqueduct
Kamigamo Shrine
Tō-ji
Kiyomizu-dera
Saihō-ji
Tenryū-ji
Kinkaku-ji
Ryōan-ji
Nishi Hongan-ji
Nijō Castle
Daigo-ji
Ginkaku-ji
Ninna-ji
Kōzan-ji
Gion Matsuri
Aoi Matsuri
Jidai Matsuri
Gozan no Okuribi
Kyocera Sanga Stadium (Kameoka)
Takebishi Stadium Kyoto (Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Park)
Wakasa Stadium Kyoto (Kyoto Nishikyogoku Athletic Park)
Hannaryz Arena (Kyoto Municipal Gymnasium)
Kyoto Racecourse
Scenes in and around Kyoto (circa 1615)
View of Kyoto from beside the Hondō of Kiyomizudera. – 1870s<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://sova.si.edu/details/FSA.A1999.35#ref124 |website=Smithsonian |title=FSA A1999.35 092: Kyoto: View from Kiyomizudera |author=Lyman, Benjamin Smith |date=2020-08-03|language=en-US |access-date=2022-07-16 |archive-date=2021-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626222834/https://sova.si.edu/details/FSA.A1999.35 |url-status=live }}</ref>

It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Honnō-ji Incident, the Kinmon incident and the Battle of Toba–Fushimi.

Kenmu Restoration

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Emperor Go-Daigo
A portrait of Ashikaga Takauji bearing his son Yoshiakira's cipher
Prince Morinaga's statue at Kamakura-gū in Kamakura

The Kenmu Restoration (建武の新政) was a three-year period of Imperial rule in Japanese history between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period from 1333 to 1336.

Reconstruction of a Jōmon family from the Sannai-Maruyama Site.

History of Japan

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The first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago have been traced to prehistoric times around 30,000 BCE.

The first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago have been traced to prehistoric times around 30,000 BCE.

Reconstruction of a Jōmon family from the Sannai-Maruyama Site.
A Yayoi period bronze bell (dōtaku) of the 3rd century CE
Daisenryō Kofun, Osaka
Territorial extent of Yamato court during the Kofun period
Buddhist temple of Horyu-ji is the oldest wooden structure in the world. It was commissioned by Prince Shotoku and represents the beginning of Buddhism in Japan.
The word Nihon written in kanji (horizontal placement of characters). The text means "Japan" in Japanese.
Prince Shōtoku was a semi-legendary regent of the Asuka period, and considered to be the first major sponsor of Buddhism in Japan.
The Daibutsu-den, within the complex of Tōdai-ji. This Buddhist temple was sponsored by the Imperial Court during the Nara period.
Miniature model of the ancient capital Heian-kyō
Later Three-Year War in the 11th century.
A handscroll painting dated c. 1130, illustrating a scene from the "Bamboo River" chapter of The Tale of Genji
Minamoto no Yoritomo was the founder of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192. This was the first military government in which the shogun with the samurai were the de facto rulers of Japan.
Portrait of Ashikaga Takauji who was the founder and first shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate
Kinkaku-ji was built in 1397 by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
Map showing the territories of major daimyō families around 1570 CE
Japan (Iapam) and Korea, in the 1568 Portuguese map of the cartographer João Vaz Dourado.
The Black Ship Portuguese traders that came from Goa and Macau once a year.
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Japan in 1582, showing territory conquered by Oda Nobunaga in gray
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Samurai could kill a commoner for the slightest insult and were widely feared by the Japanese population. Edo period, 1798.
Samurai of the Satsuma Domain during the Boshin War
Emperor Meiji, the 122nd Emperor of Japan
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The Japanese Empire in 1939
Japanese experts inspect the scene of the 'railway sabotage' on South Manchurian Railway, leading to the Mukden Incident and the Japanese occupation of Manchuria.
Planes from the Japanese aircraft carrier Shōkaku preparing the attack on Pearl Harbor
The Empire of Japan at its peak in 1942:
Atomic cloud over Hiroshima, 1945
General Douglas MacArthur and Emperor of Japan, Hirohito, at their first meeting, September 1945
US Secretary of State Dean Acheson signing the Treaty of Peace with Japan, 8 September 1951
Shigeru Yoshida was one of the longest serving PMs in Japanese history (1946–1947 and 1948–1954).
Tokyo in 2010
Wreckage at a railway station destroyed during the 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
Social structure of the Edo period
A vase from the early Jōmon period (11000–7000 BC)
Middle Jōmon vase (2000 BC)
Dogū figurine of the late Jōmon period (1000–400 BC)
Ancient drawing depicting a samurai battling forces of the Mongol Empire
Samurai Mitsui Sukenaga (right) defeating the Mongolian invasion army (left)
Shiraishi clan
Japan at the Last Glacial Maximum in the Late Pleistocene about 20,000 years ago
regions above sea level
unvegetated
sea
black outline indicates present-day Japan
Daisenryō Kofun, Osaka

In 1274 and 1281, the Kamakura shogunate withstood two Mongol invasions, but in 1333 it was toppled by a rival claimant to the shogunate, ushering in the Muromachi period.

Ashikaga Takauji

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The founder and first shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate.

The founder and first shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate.

Portrait traditionally identified as that of Ashikaga Takauji
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Tomb of Ashikaga Takauji at Tōji-in in Kyoto

His rule began in 1338, beginning the Muromachi period of Japan, and ended with his death in 1358.

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu

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Kinkakuji Temple, the Golden Pavilion at Kinkaku-ji, originated as the villa of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (足利 義満) was the third shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate, ruling from 1368 to 1394 during the Muromachi period of Japan.

Map of the territories of the Sengoku daimyos around the first year of the Genki era (1570 AD).

Daimyo

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Daimyo (大名) were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings.

Daimyo (大名) were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings.

Map of the territories of the Sengoku daimyos around the first year of the Genki era (1570 AD).
Shiba Yoshimasa of Shiba clan, one of the Shugo-daimyo.
Kamei Koremi, a daimyō during the bakumatsu period.
Date Munenari, eighth head of the Uwajima Domain

From the shugo of the Muromachi period through the Sengoku to the daimyo of the Edo period, the rank had a long and varied history.

Oda Nobunaga in a 16th-century portrait by Kanō Motohide (detail)

Oda Nobunaga

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Japanese daimyo and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period.

Japanese daimyo and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period.

Oda Nobunaga in a 16th-century portrait by Kanō Motohide (detail)
Oda Clan Mon (emblem)
A photocopy of a portrait of Nobunaga allegedly drawn by a missionary. Collection of Sanpoji Temple.
Kiyosu Castle (清州城)
Statue of Oda Nobunaga at Kiyosu Castle.
Ukiyo-e of Oda Nobunaga by Kuniyoshi Utagawa.
Oda Nobunaga's armour.
Battle of Nagashino in 1575
Map of locations
Honnō-ji temple main hall
An ukiyo-e by Yoshitoshi depicting Nobunaga fighting in the Honnō-ji Incident
Grave of Oda Nobunaga at Mount Kōya, Wakayama Prefecture.
Site of Nagoya Castle (那古野城跡).
Political situation in Japan circa 1582. Purple area was territory controlled by the Oda in 1560, grey area was territory Nobunaga controlled at the time of his death in 1582.
Oda Nobunaga's breech-loading swivel gun, 16th century. This gun is thought to have been cast in Portuguese Goa, India. Caliber: 95 mm, length: 2880 mm.
The Swallowtail butterfly mon of the Taira is called Ageha-chō (揚羽蝶) in Japanese.
Azuchi-jō-zu, a drawing of the Azuchi castle
Portrait of Oda Nobunaga in Kobe City Museum, circa 1583

The goal of national unification and a return to the comparative political stability of the earlier Muromachi period was widely shared by the multitude of autonomous daimyos during the Sengoku period.