A report on National Guard (United States)

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1953 postage stamp
Seal of the National Guard Bureau, 2013 to present
Army National Guard soldiers at New York City's Penn Station in 2004
First muster of the East Regiment (present-day Massachusetts Army National Guard) in Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Spring 1637
A National Guardsman in 1917
Following the 1992 Los Angeles riots, 4,000 National Guardsmen patrolled the city.
The National Guard Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C.
A South Carolina Army National Guard CH-47 Chinook supporting the South Carolina Forestry Commission to contain a remote fire near the top of Pinnacle Mountain in Pickens County, South Carolina, November 17, 2016
An Army National Guardsman of the 1st Battalion, 151st Infantry Regiment in Parun, Afghanistan. Note that he is wearing a 10th Mountain Division Former Wartime Service SSI.
A National Guardsman guarding the World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C. during the George Floyd protests, June 2020.

State-based military force that becomes part of the reserve components of the United States Army and the United States Air Force when activated for federal missions.

- National Guard (United States)
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Charles Dick, for whom the Militia Act of 1903 was named.

Militia Act of 1903

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Charles Dick, for whom the Militia Act of 1903 was named.
Governor Martin Chitenden unsuccessfully attempted to recall Vermont Militia from New York during War of 1812.
Secretary of War Elihu Root worked to reform Army after Spanish–American War.
James Parker, first head of Division of Militia Affairs.
Company A, 1st Arkansas Infantry, near Deming, New Mexico, during Pancho Villa Expedition.
John M. Palmer, advocate of National Guard following World War I.

The Militia Act of 1903, also known as the Efficiency in Militia Act of 1903 or the Dick Act, was legislation enacted by the United States Congress to create an early National Guard and which codified the circumstances under which the Guard could be federalized.

State Adjutant General Texas historical marker in Camp Mabry

State adjutant general

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State Adjutant General Texas historical marker in Camp Mabry

Each state in the United States has a senior military officer, as the state adjutant general, who is the de facto commander of a state's military forces, including the National Guard residing within the state, the state's naval militia, and any state defense forces.

The Hempstead Rifles, a volunteer militia company from Arkadelphia, Arkansas, 1861

Militia

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Generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel; or, historically, to members of a warrior-nobility class .

Generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel; or, historically, to members of a warrior-nobility class .

The Hempstead Rifles, a volunteer militia company from Arkadelphia, Arkansas, 1861
Armenian fedayi were Armenian irregular militia formed in the late 19th and early 20th century to defend Armenian villages.
Republikanischer Schutzbund was an Austrian militia formed in 1923, one of several militias formed in post-World War I Austria.
Depiction of the 2nd Regiment of York Militia during the Battle of Queenston Heights. The regiment was one of several Canadian militia units during the War of 1812.
Uniforms of the Canadian Militia in 1898. The force included the Permanent Active Militia, a full-time professional land force which became the Canadian Army in 1940.
A joint patrol between Arizona National Guard and the Danish Home Guard during the Golden Coyote training exercise.
Members of the White Guard after the Battle of Varkaus. The White Guard was a voluntary militia that fought for the Whites in the Finnish Civil War.
The Lützow Free Corps during the Napoleonic Wars. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Freikorps referred to volunteer forces that fought against the French.
The Volkssturm was a national militia formed by Nazi Germany in the last months of World War II.
Hashomer in 1909
Members of the Latvian National Guard during a training exercise. The Guard was created in 1991 as a voluntary military self-defense force.
Member of the Armed Constabulary shot during the New Zealand Wars. The Constabulary was a law enforcement agency and a militia until it was reoriented into a police force in 1886.
Members of the Norwegian Home Guard.
Banner of Saint Petersburg militia from Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
The Sri Lanka Civil Security Force is a paramilitary militia tasked to serve as an auxiliary to the Sri Lanka Police.
A mounted Janjaweed militiaman. The Janjaweed are a militia operating in western Sudan and eastern Chad.
Captain John Smith's 1624 map of the Somers Isles (Bermuda), showing St. George's Town and related fortifications, including the Castle Islands Fortifications with their garrisons of militia infantry and volunteer artillery.
A review of the Northampton Militia. Formed in 1763, its men were selected by ballot to serve for a period of time.
Recruitment poster for the British Territorial Army during World War II. The reserve force was formed after the militias were reorganized in 1907.
A non-commissioned officer of the Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey. The unit is one of two regiments in the Territorial Army that maintain their militia designation.
Uniformed American militiamen during the American Civil War.
Members of the United States National Guard undergoing self-defense training. The force was created in 1903 as an organized militia.
Basic orientation for the Texas State Guard. The Guard is a state defense force, military units under the sole authority of the state government.

A basic part of it is the militia, which is a regular reservists force of the Bundesheer, comparable to the national guard units of the United States.

Ethnic minority governors

Governor (United States)

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In the United States, a governor serves as the chief executive and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently inhabited territories, functioning as head of government therein.

In the United States, a governor serves as the chief executive and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently inhabited territories, functioning as head of government therein.

Ethnic minority governors
Party affiliation of current United States Governors: Democratic New Progressive/Democratic Republican

The governor may also have additional roles, such as that of commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard (when not federalized) and of that state's respective defense force (which is not subject to federalization).

Seal of the NGB

National Guard Bureau

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Seal of the NGB
Seal of the NGB

The National Guard Bureau is the federal instrument responsible for the administration of the National Guard established by the United States Congress as a joint bureau of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force.

The Michigan Naval Militia standing at attention (at present arms).

Naval militia

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Reserve military organization administered under the authority of a state government in the United States.

Reserve military organization administered under the authority of a state government in the United States.

The Michigan Naval Militia standing at attention (at present arms).
New York Naval Militia members respond to Hurricane Sandy.
An officer with the New York Naval Militia prepares his vessel for transport.
Florida Naval Militia sailors from Sarasota, Florida pose for a photo.
Naval militiamen boarding {{USS|Alabama|BB-8|6}} circa 1910.
Members of the naval militia respond to a roll-call in 1913.
Naval militiamen in the early twentieth century.
Exercises at a Naval Militia Camp in Somersville, New York.
A naval militia bugler in 1917, deploying during World War I.
Naval Militia guarding a bridge during World War I.
New York Naval Militia Major General Robert Wolf (right), is congratulated by Major General Joseph Taluto (left).
Members of the New York National Guard take the helm of a New York State Naval Militia patrol boat.
A New York Naval Militia officer works alongside a United States Border Patrol agent.
Members of the New York National Guard join members of the New York State Naval Militia, the Port Authority Police Department and the Coast Guard Reserve.
Boatswain Mate 2 Robert Quinones of the New York State Naval Militia prepares for a joint random anti-terrorism measures program patrol.
The New York State Naval Militia's Patrol Boat 400 is docked on the Hudson River prior to a random anti-terrorism measures program patrol.

Like members of the National Guard, the Navy and Marine Reservists who constitute most of the membership in naval militias serve in a dual federal and state capacity; they operate as a component of their state's military force, and are subject to be called up and deployed by the governor of their respective states during emergencies.

Coat of Arms

101st Engineer Battalion

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Unit of the Massachusetts Army National Guard and one of the oldest serving units of the United States Army.

Unit of the Massachusetts Army National Guard and one of the oldest serving units of the United States Army.

Coat of Arms

As the first muster was held on the green in Salem, Massachusetts, Salem is seen as the birthplace of the National Guard.

Seal of the Massachusetts National Guard

Massachusetts National Guard

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Seal of the Massachusetts National Guard
First muster of the Massachusetts Bay Colonial Militia, spring of 1637
The Lexington Minuteman monument
Veterans of the 'Minutemen of 1861', those among the first to answer President Abraham Lincoln's call to arms on April 15, 1861, in a group photograph on the 36th anniversary on April 15, 1897
Massachusetts National Guardsmen north of Bütgenbach, Belgium during World War II
Soldiers of the 211th Anti-Aircraft, Massachusetts National Guard in mobilization training for World War II in Texas
A SSG of the 182nd Infantry Regiment during deployment in Afghanistan
Massachusetts National Guardsmen during Annual Training (JRTC, Fort Polk, Louisiana)
Troops of the 181st Infantry Regiment preparing to fire mortars
A Specialist of the Massachusetts National Guard from the 182d Infantry with Afghan police

The Massachusetts National Guard is the National Guard component for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

(clockwise from top left) Signal Corps extending telegraph lines USS Iowa (BB-4) Filipino soldiers wearing Spanish pith helmets outside Manila The Spanish signing the Treaty of Paris Roosevelt and his Rough Riders at San Juan Hill Replacing of the Spanish flag at Fort San Antonio Abad (Fort Malate)

Spanish–American War

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Period of armed conflict between Spain and the United States.

Period of armed conflict between Spain and the United States.

(clockwise from top left) Signal Corps extending telegraph lines USS Iowa (BB-4) Filipino soldiers wearing Spanish pith helmets outside Manila The Spanish signing the Treaty of Paris Roosevelt and his Rough Riders at San Juan Hill Replacing of the Spanish flag at Fort San Antonio Abad (Fort Malate)
Cuban War of Independence
A Spanish satirical drawing published in La Campana de Gràcia (1896) criticizing U.S. behavior regarding Cuba by Manuel Moliné. Upper text reads (in old Catalan): "Uncle Sam's craving", and below: "To keep the island so it won't get lost".
An American cartoon published in Judge, February 6, 1897: Columbia (representing the American people) reaches out to the oppressed Cuba (the caption under the chained child reads "Spain's 16th Century methods") while Uncle Sam (representing the U.S. government) sits blindfolded, refusing to see the atrocities or use his guns to intervene (cartoon by Grant E. Hamilton).
Illustrated map published by the Guardia Civil showing the Kingdom of Spain and its remaining colonial possessions in 1895 (Caroline and Mariana Islands, as well as Spanish Sahara, Morocco, Guinea and Guam are not included.)
The American transport ship Seneca, a chartered vessel that carried troops to Puerto Rico and Cuba
Spanish Vessels captured up to evening of May 1, 1898
CHAP. 189. – An Act Declaring that war exists between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain on April 25, 1898.
The last stand of the Spanish Garrison in Cuba by Murat Halstead, 1898
The Pacific theatre of the Spanish–American War
Spanish Marines trenched during the Battle of Manila Bay
The Battle of Manila Bay
Spanish artillery regiment during the Philippine Campaign
Group of Tagalog Filipino revolutionaries during the Spanish-American War of 1898
Spanish infantry troops and officers in Manila
The Spanish armored cruiser, which was destroyed during the Battle of Santiago on July 3, 1898
Detail from Charge of the 24th and 25th Colored Infantry and Rescue of Rough Riders at San Juan Hill, July 2, 1898, depicting the Battle of San Juan Hill
Mauser Model 1893 rifle, used by the Spanish infantry and superior to American rifles; the Springfield Model 1892-99 and the Krag-Jørgensen rifle. Because of this superiority the US Army developed the M1903 Springfield.
Charge of the Rough Riders
Receiving the news of the surrender of Santiago
The Santiago Campaign (1898)
Crewmen pose under the gun turrets of USS Iowa (BB-4) in 1898.
Spanish troops before they departed to engage the American forces at Hormigueros, Puerto Rico
A monument in Guánica, Puerto Rico, for the U.S. infantrymen who lost their lives in the Spanish–American War in 1898.
Oil on canvas painted and signed with initials A.A. by Antonio Antón and Antonio Iboleón, around 1897. It is an ideal view of the Spanish Squadron of Instruction in 1896, before the war of 1898, since the ships represented never sailed together. On the left the Battleship Pelayo with insignia, followed by the cruisers Cristóbal Colón, Infanta María Teresa and Alfonso XIII; on the right, the cruiser Carlos V with insignia, Almirante Oquendo and Vizcaya. On the starboard side of the Pelayo sails the torpedo boat Destructor; Two Furor-class destroyer boats sail along the bows of the Carlos V. Stormy sea and partly cloudy skies.
Cámara's squadron in the Suez Canal in July 1898. His flagship, the battleship Pelayo, can be seen in the foreground. The last ship of the line is the armored cruiser Carlos V. Finally this squad would not fight in the war.
Jules Cambon, the French ambassador to the United States, signing the memorandum of ratification on behalf of Spain
US Army "War with Spain" campaign streamer
Cross of Military Merit for Combat in Cuba

The Army wanted 50,000 new men but received over 220,000 through volunteers and the mobilization of state National Guard units, even gaining nearly 100,000 men on the first night after the explosion of USS Maine.

Distinctive Unit Insignia: 198 Sig Bn

Army National Guard units with campaign credit for the War of 1812

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Twenty-four current units of the Army National Guard perpetuate the lineages of militia units mustered into federal service during the War of 1812.

Twenty-four current units of the Army National Guard perpetuate the lineages of militia units mustered into federal service during the War of 1812.

Distinctive Unit Insignia: 198 Sig Bn
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 372 MP Bn
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 118 FA
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 130 Inf
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 175 Inf
Distinctive Unit Insignia:101 Eng Bn
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 101 FA
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 181 Inf
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 182 Inf
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 211 MP BN
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 133 Eng Bn
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 155 Inf
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 113 Inf
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 53 ADLT
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 258 FA
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 103 Eng Bn
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 104 Cav
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 111 Inf
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 263 ADA
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 183 Cav
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 276 Eng Bn
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 150 Cav
Distinctive Unit Insignia: 201 FA

Militia units from nine states that were part of the Union by the end of the War of 1812 (Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia), plus the District of Columbia, are the predecessors of eighteen units that currently exist in the Army National Guard.