Netherlands

The name of the historic County of Holland is currently used as a pars pro toto for the Netherlands.

Oak figurine found in Willemstad (4500 BC)

Franks, Frisians and Saxons (710s AD) with Traiecturm and Dorestad in the middle

Rorik of Dorestad, Viking ruler of Friesland (romantic 1912 depiction)

A Medieval Tombe of the Brabantian knight Arnold van der Sluijs

Map of the Habsburg dominions. From 1556 the dynasty's lands in the Low Countries were retained by the Spanish Habsburgs.

Dutch East India Company factory in Hugli-Chuchura, Mughal Bengal by Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665

Winter landscape with skaters near the city of Kampen by Hendrick Avercamp (1620s)

Map of the Dutch colonial empire. Light green: territories administered by or originating from territories administered by the Dutch East India Company; dark green: the Dutch West India Company. In yellow are the territories occupied later, during the 19th century.

The submission of Diponegoro to General De Kock at the end of the Java War in 1830. Painting by Nicolaas Pieneman

Rotterdam after German air raids in 1940

Former Prime Ministers Wim Kok, Dries van Agt, Piet de Jong, Ruud Lubbers and Jan Peter Balkenende with Prime Minister Mark Rutte, in 2011

The Christmas flood of 1717 was the result of a northwesterly storm that resulted in the death of thousands.

Map illustrating areas of the Netherlands below sea level

The Delta Works are located in the provinces of South Holland and Zeeland.

Common seals on Terschelling, a Wadden Sea island

The Binnenhof, where the lower and upper houses of the States General meet

De Wallen, Amsterdam's red-light district, offers activities such as legal prostitution and a number of coffeeshops that sell marijuana, symbolising the Dutch political culture and tradition of tolerance.

The Netherlands has a culture of respectful and friendly debate. From left to right, members of the House of Representatives Sander de Rouwe (CDA), Ineke van Gent (GL), Han ten Broeke (VVD), Kees Verhoeven (D66) and Farshad Bashir (SP), 2010

Provinces and territories of the Netherlands

The Peace Palace (Vredespaleis), in The Hague

General Onno Eichelsheim is the current Chief of Defence.

Zr. Ms. Holland, a Royal Netherlands Navy offshore patrol vessel

Historical GDP per capita development (Our World in Data)

A proportional representation of Netherlands exports, 2019

The Netherlands is part of a monetary union, the Eurozone (dark blue), and the EU single market.

Natural gas concessions in the Netherlands. Today the Netherlands accounts for more than 25% of all natural gas reserves in the EU.

The Groningen gas field whose discovery in 1959 transformed the Dutch economy, generating €159 billion in revenue since the mid-1970s.

Population of the Netherlands from 1900 to 2000

Population pyramid of the Netherlands in 2017

In Rotterdam almost half the population has an immigrant background.

Population density in the Netherlands by municipality. The largest urban area, the Randstad is clearly visible along the west coast.

Knowledge of foreign languages in the Netherlands, in per cent of the population over the age of 15, in 2006

An international primary school in The Hague

View on the Utrecht Science Park of Utrecht University. The building in the centre is the library.

Portrait of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), known as "the father of microbiology"

A regional train operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)

Bike passage at Rotterdam Centraal station

Dutch people in orange celebrating King's Day in Amsterdam, 2017

Johan Cruyff Arena, the largest Dutch concert venue

Dutch star football players Arjen Robben and Robin van Persie during a game with the Netherlands against Denmark at Euro 2012

New Amsterdam as it appeared in 1664. Under British rule it became known as New York.

Eustachius De Lannoy of the Dutch East India Company surrenders to Maharaja Marthanda Varma of the Indian Kingdom of Travancore after the Battle of Colachel. (Depiction at Padmanabhapuram Palace)

A Dutch doctor vaccinating Indonesian patients

Transcontinental country located in north-western Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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Sint Eustatius

Island in the Caribbean.

Map of Sint Eustatius from the Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië 1914–1917

Historical engraving showing the view from out in the Caribbean Sea, approaching the island of Sint Eustatius

17th-century Fort Oranje (Sint Eustatius), with the island of Saba visible in the distance

Andrew Doria receives a salute from the Dutch fort at Sint Eustatius, 16 November 1776.

The island of St. Eustatius taken by the English fleet in February 1781. Admiral Rodney's sailors and troops pillaged the island.

The restored and stabilized walls of the 1737 synagogue

Surrender of the British to George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia (19 October 1781)

Sint Eustatius as photographed from the International Space Station

View looking southeast along the Atlantic coast, showing the airport runway in the middle distance, Lynch Beach beyond that, then the Quill, St. Eustatius' dormant volcano, and over the water in the distance, the northern end of the island of St. Kitts

Ruins of numerous warehouses on Oranje Bay

The solar park on Sint Eustatius in 2016

It is a special municipality (officially "public body") of the Netherlands.

Caribbean Netherlands

Age Sex Pyramid for the Caribbian Netherlands in the year 2016

The special territories of the European Union (pre-Brexit)

Map showing Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba

Relative distance between mainland Netherlands in Europe and the Caribbean Netherlands

The Caribbean BES islands are subdivisions of the country of the Netherlands and are therefore referred to as the "Caribbean Netherlands."

The Caribbean Netherlands (Caribisch Nederland, ) are the three special municipalities of the Netherlands that are located in the Caribbean Sea.

Saba

Map of Saba from the Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië 1914-1917

Saba island as viewed from the north, with Mount Scenery's peak in the clouds

The Saban anole is endemic to the island.

Queen of The Holy Rosary Church in Zions Hill, Saba

View of the village of Windwardside, taken from Mount Scenery

Saba lace at the Harry L Johnson Museum, Windwardside

Saba (Saba, ) is a Caribbean island which is the smallest special municipality (officially “public body”) of the Netherlands.

West Frisian, or simply Frisian (Frysk or Westerlauwersk Frysk; Fries, also Westerlauwers Fries), is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry.

Friesland

Map of the North Sea coast, ca. 150 AD. (erroneously shows late 20th century land masses)

Pier Gerlofs Donia in 1516 as depicted in a 19th-century painting by Johannes Hinderikus Egenberger

The Frisian representative refusing to kneel before Philip II at his coronation

Seat of the provincial government in Leeuwarden

Leeuwarden railway station is a national heritage site

Friesland (, , ; official ), historically known as Frisia, is a province of the Netherlands located in the country's northern part.

Germany

Country in Central Europe.

Martin Luther (1483–1546), Protestant Reformer

Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany (1933–1945)

German-occupied Europe in 1942 during World War II

American, Soviet, British, and French occupation zones in Germany and the French-controlled Saar Protectorate, 1947. Territories east of the Oder-Neisse line were transferred to Poland and the Soviet Union under the terms of the Potsdam Conference.

The Berlin Wall during its fall in 1989, with the Brandenburg Gate in the background

German TPz Fuchs armoured personnel carrier

Frankfurt is a leading business centre in Europe and the seat of the European Central Bank.

An ICE 3 on the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line

Cologne Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Heidelberg University is Germany's oldest institution of higher learning and generally counted among its most renowned.

The Hospital of the Holy Spirit in Lübeck, established in 1286, is a precursor to modern hospitals.

A typical German Weihnachtsmarkt (Christmas market) in Dresden

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), composer

The Brothers Grimm collected and published popular German folk tales.

Babelsberg Studio in Potsdam near Berlin, the world's first large-scale film studio

Bavarian Bratwurst with mustard, a pretzel and beer

The German national football team after winning the FIFA World Cup for the fourth time in 2014. Football is the most popular sport in Germany.

Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south and France, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west.

Amsterdam

The Oude Kerk was consecrated in 1306 AD.

Amsterdam citizens celebrating the Peace of Münster, 30 January 1648. Painting by Bartholomeus van der Helst

Courtyard of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange by Emanuel de Witte, 1653. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange was the first stock exchange to introduce continuous trade in the early 17th century.

View of Vijzelstraat looking towards the Muntplein, 1891

Photochrom of Amsterdam's Dam Square at the beginning of the 20th century

People celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands at the end of World War II on 8 May 1945

The 17th-century Canals of Amsterdam were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2010, contributing to Amsterdam's fame as the "Venice of the North". Along with De Wallen, the canals are the focal-point for tourists in the city.

Satellite picture of Amsterdam and North Sea Canal

Large-scale map of the city centre of Amsterdam, including sightseeing markers,.

Nieuwendammerdijk en Buiksloterdijk, Amsterdam-Noord, winter 2010

The Westerkerk in the Centrum borough, one of Amsterdam's best-known churches

A 1538 painting by Cornelis Anthonisz showing a bird's-eye view of Amsterdam. The famous Grachtengordel had not yet been established.

The Egelantiersgracht lies west of the Grachtengordel, in the Jordaan neighbourhood.

The Scheepvaarthuis, by architects Johan van der Mey, Michel de Klerk, Piet Kramer is characteristic of the architecture of the Amsterdam School.

The Begijnhof is one of the oldest hofjes in Amsterdam.

The Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam and Conservatorium van Amsterdam, two examples of 21st-century architecture in the centre of the city

The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the oldest stock exchange in the world

The Zuidas, the city's main business district

Boats give tours of the city, such as this one in front of the EYE Film Institute Netherlands.

De Wallen, Amsterdam's Red-light district, offers activities such as legal prostitution and a number of coffee shops that sell cannabis. It is one of the main tourist attractions.

An Amsterdammer waits for a traffic light to change at the Muntplein in the heart of Amsterdam.

The Rijksmuseum houses Rembrandt's The Night Watch.

The Van Gogh Museum houses the world's largest collection of Van Gogh's paintings and letters.

The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam is an international museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art and design.

Coldplay performing at the Amsterdam Arena, 2016

The Concertgebouw or Royal Concert Hall houses performances of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and other musical events.

Stadsschouwburg, Amsterdam's best-known theatre

One of the decorated boats participating in the 2013 Canal Parade of the Amsterdam Gay Pride

Femke Halsema has been the Mayor of Amsterdam since 2018.

King Willem-Alexander, Princess Beatrix, and Queen Máxima greeting Amsterdammers from the Royal Palace of Amsterdam during Willem-Alexanders inauguration in 2013

The Amsterdam Metro is a mixed subway and above ground rapid transit system consisting of five lines.

Amsterdam Centraal station, the city's main train station

Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ranks as Europe's third-busiest airport for passenger traffic.

Police bicyclist crossing a bridge over the Prinsengracht

The Agnietenkapel Gate at the University of Amsterdam, founded in 1632 as the Athenaeum Illustre

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands; with a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban area and 2,480,394 in the metropolitan area.