Northeast China and Related Topics

Liaoning

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Liaodong (Leao-Tong) in the early Qing, surrounded by the Willow Palisade. This map, published in 1734, was based on data collected by Jesuits in the early 18th century. The capital is in Shenyang (Chinyang); most other cities mentioned in Governor Zhang's report are shown as well

Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning Province

Dalian, second largest city in Liaoning Province

Liaoning, is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region.

Manchuria

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Deprecated in the People's Republic China after 1949 due to its association with Manchurian nationalism and the breakaway of Manchukuo.

One of the earliest European maps using the term "Manchuria" (Mandchouria) (John Tallis, 1851). Previously, the term "Chinese Tartary" had been commonly applied in the West to Manchuria and Mongolia

Climate map of Manchuria or Northeast China.

Hailang River near Hailin City in Heilongjiang

A 12th-century Jurchen stone tortoise in today's Ussuriysk

The Three Kingdoms of Korea occupied roughly half of Manchuria, 5th century AD

The Mongol Yuan province of Liaoyang included northern Korea

Manchuria is the homeland of the Jurchens who became the Manchus.

A Jurchen man hunting from his horse, from a 15th-century ink-and-color painting on silk

The Manchu-led Qing dynasty circa 1820. Later Jin area in purple line

Map showing the original border (in pink) between Manchuria and Russia according to the Treaty of Nerchinsk 1689, and subsequent losses of territory to Russia in the treaties of Aigun 1858 (beige) and Peking 1860 (red)

Harbin's Kitayskaya Street (Russian for "Chinese Street"), now Zhongyang Street (Chinese for "Central Street"), before 1945

Map of the three provinces of Northeast China (1911) {{sfnp|EB|1911}}

Map of Manchukuo and its rail network, c.{{nbsp}}1945

Map with the historic extent of Manchuria. Inner Manchuria lies in Northeast China, colored in red. Outer Manchuria to the north and the part today in Inner Mongolia to the west are in lighter red.

(most often) Northeast China, specifically the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, but broadly also including the eastern Inner Mongolian prefectures of Hulunbuir, Hinggan, Tongliao, and Chifeng, and sometimes Xilin Gol;

Jilin

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Languages spoken in Jilin: yellow: Mandarin; blue: Korean; red: Mongolian

Jilin (alternately romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China.

Heilongjiang

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Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces on a 1734 French map

Seal of the Guard General of Heilongjiang at the Heilongjiang General Mansion

Heilongjiang Province People's Government

Ji Le Temple (Temple of Bliss), a Buddhist temple in Harbin

A Siberian tiger at Harbin Siberian Tiger Park

Heilongjiang, formerly romanized as Heilungkiang, is a province in northeast China.

Manchukuo

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Manchukuo (burgundy) within the Empire of Japan (pink) at its furthest extent

Location of Manchukuo (red) within Imperial Japan's sphere of influence (1939)

Members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere; territory controlled at maximum height. Japan and its allies in dark red; occupied territories/client states in lighter red. Korea and Taiwan were at that time considered integral parts of Japan and governed directly by the Japanese government, unlike client states such as Manchukuo that functioned under puppet governments.

The Japan–Manchukuo Protocol, 15 September 1932

The throne of the emperor of Manchukuo, c. 1937

Foreign recognition of Manchukuo represented by states in colors other than gray

A map of the Japanese advance from 1937 to 1942

Propaganda poster promoting harmony between Japanese, Chinese, and Manchu. The caption says (Right to left): "With the cooperation of Japan, China, and Manchukuo, the world can be in peace."

Hideki Tōjō (right) and Nobusuke Kishi, the key architect of Manchukuo (1935–39), also known as the "Shōwa (Emperor) era monster/devil"

Map of Japanese Hokushin-ron plans for a potential attack on the Soviet Union. Dates indicate the year that Japan gained control of the territory.

Administrative divisions of Manchukuo in 1938

A Manchukuo propaganda poster promoting displaying European and East Asian ethnic groups

The Empress of Manchukuo taking part in a procession during a visit by Japanese officials (1934)

Propaganda poster of the Manchukuo Government for the Western audience, featuring a couple of Japanese agrarian immigrants

A Type 41 75 mm mountain gun during an Imperial Army exercise

Manchukuo Imperial Air Force pilots, 1942, with a Nakajima Ki-27 behind

Manchukuo, officially the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of (Great) Manchuria after 1934, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Manchuria from 1932 until 1945.

Qing dynasty

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Manchu-led conquest dynasty and the last imperial dynasty of China.

The Qing dynasty in 1890. Territory under its control shown in dark green; territory claimed but uncontrolled shown in light green.

Italian 1682 map showing the "Kingdom of the Nüzhen" or the "Jin Tartars"

Manchu cavalry charging Ming infantry battle of Sarhu in 1619

Sura han ni chiha (Coins of Tiancong Khan) in Manchu alphabet

The Qing conquest of the Ming and expansion of the empire

Emperor with Manchu army in Khalkha 1688

Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Chengde, Qianlong reign; built on the model of Potala Palace, Lhasa

Campaign against the Dzungars in the Qing conquest of Xinjiang 1755–1758

Lord Macartney saluting the Qianlong Emperor

Commerce on the water, Prosperous Suzhou by Xu Yang, 1759

British Steamship destroying Chinese war junks (E. Duncan) (1843)

View of the Canton River, showing the Thirteen Factories in the background, 1850–1855

Government forces defeating Taiping armies

Empress Dowager Cixi (Oil painting by Hubert Vos c. 1905))

Britain, Germany, Russia, France, and Japan dividing China

Foreign armies in the Forbidden City 1900

A pitched battle between the imperial and revolutionary armies in 1911

A postage stamp from Yantai (Chefoo) in the Qing dynasty

The emperor of China from The Universal Traveller

2000–cash Da-Qing Baochao banknote from 1859

The Eighteen Provinces of China proper in 1875

The Qing dynasty in ca. 1820, with provinces in yellow, military governorates and protectorates in light yellow, tributary states in orange

Brush container symbol of elegant gentry culture

Chen Clan Ancestral Hall (陈家祠) built in 1894

Placard (right to left) in Manchu, Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian Yonghe Lamasery, Beijing

Silver coin: 1 yuan/dollar Xuantong 3rd year - 1911 Chopmark

Xián Fēng Tōng Bǎo (咸豐通寶) 1850–1861 Qing dynasty copper (brass) cash coin

Puankhequa (1714–1788). Chinese merchant and member of a Cohong family.

Pine, Plum and Cranes, 1759, by Shen Quan (1682–1760).

A Daoguang period Peking glass vase. Colored in "Imperial Yellow", due to its association with the Qing.

Jade book of the Qianlong period on display at the British Museum

It was emerged from the Khanate of Later Jin (1616–1636) founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, and proclaimed in 1636 as an empire in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria).

Shenyang

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Major Chinese sub-provincial city and the provincial capital of Liaoning province.

Japanese-administered zone (orange) and the old Shenyang city (violet) in 1919

Zhang Zuolin's train after the Huanggutun Incident

Japanese troops entering Shenyang during Mukden Incident

People's Liberation Army Type 97 Chi-Ha tanks advancing into Shenyang during the Liaoshen Campaign

Map including Shenyang (labeled as 瀋陽 SHEN-YANG (MUKDEN)) (AMS, 1956)

Satellite image of Shenyang-Fushun urban agglomeration
(larger western part is Shenyang, eastern part is Fushun), Landsat 5, 2010-09-29.

Map of Shenyang (labeled as SHEN-YANG) and surrounding region (1975)

Buildings along Youths Avenue (Qingnian Street, 青年大街) in southern Shenhe District

Northeastern University (China) in Heping District, Shenyang

World Heritage Site: Zhao Mausoleum (Beiling park)

World Heritage Site: Fuling Tomb (Dongling Park)

The arch entrance of Middle Street (Zhongjie), a 3.5 km-long pedestrian shopping strip in central Shenyang beside Mukden Palace, and is the longest shopping street in China.

The CRH5-001A EMU serving the Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway

Shenyang's districts, landmarks and major roads

G1 Beijing-Harbin Expressway, Shenyang segment

Hunnan Tram, a CRV 70% Low-Floor Tram serving Hunnan District

Korean-Chinese style barbecue in mud brazier (泥炉烧烤) is exclusively in Shenyang

It's also the largest city in Northeast China by urban population, with 7.49 million people (2020 census).

Inner Mongolia

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Landlocked autonomous region of the People's Republic of China.

Persian miniature depicting Genghis Khan entering Beijing

The Northern Yuan at its greatest extent

Mongolia plateau during early 17th century

Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia within the Qing dynasty, c. 1820

Delegates of Inner Mongolia People's Congress shouting slogans

Winter in Ulanbutan Grassland, Hexigten Banner

A KFC in Hohhot, the capital, with a bilingual street sign in Chinese and Mongolian

Temple of the White Sulde of Genghis Khan in the town of Uxin in Inner Mongolia, in the Mu Us Desert. The worship of Genghis is shared by Chinese and Mongolian folk religion.

Sign of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Jade dragon of the Hongshan culture (4700 BC – 2900 BC) found in Ongniud, Chifeng

Honorary tomb of Wang Zhaojun (born c. 50BC) in Hohhot

Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Baoshan, Ar Horqin

Khitan people cooking. Fresco from the Liao dynasty (907–1125) tomb at Aohan

Remains of the city Khara-Khoto built in 1032. Located in Ejin Khoshuu, Alxa Aimag

Maidari Juu temple fortress ({{zh|labels=no |c=美岱召 |p=měidài zhào}}) built by Altan Khan in 1575 near Baotou

Newly built arch in front of the Maidari Juu temple fortress (1575)

Da Zhao temple (also called Ikh Zuu) built by Altan Khan in 1579

Badekar Monastery (1749) near Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Called Badgar Zuu in Mongolian

Badain Jaran temple (1868) in western Inner Mongolia

Alxa Western Monastery (Alshaa Baruun Hiid) built in 1756

The eastern division is often included in Northeastern China (Dongbei) with major cities including Tongliao, Chifeng, Hailar, Ulanhot.

Zhongshan Square, then Ōhiroba (大広場), ca. 1940

Dalian

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Dalian Hotel, formerly Yamato Hotel, built in 1914

An old clock on a heritage building near the port

Dalian (labelled as TA-LIEN (DAIREN) 大連) (1956)

A retired China Railways SY, built jointly by Dalian Locomotive Works and Tangshan Locomotive Works in 1959, on display in front of Dalian Modern Museum

Modern day Qingniwaqiao shopping district

Dalian and vicinities, Landsat 5 satellite image, 3 August 2010

Wang Jianlin, Chairman of the Dalian Wanda Group, at the Annual Meeting of the New Champions of World Economic Forum, Dalian 2009

Ex-Varyag undergoing refit in Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company (2011), which later became China's first aircraft carrier Liaoning

Xinghai CBD houses the headquarters of Dalian Commodity Exchange

Donggang CBD houses the Dalian International Conference Center

Xinghai Square is the largest city square in the world

Xinghai Square amusement park with the Castle Hotel in the background

Dalian Sightseeing Tower, formerly Dalian Radio & TV Tower

View from Xiaochangshan Island (小长山岛) in Changhai County

Seascape at Heishijiao (黑石礁) Geological Park

Dalian historical tramway, still used in a limited area of the city.

Internal view of Dalian North railway station

China Martial Arts Hall, at Jinshitan National Holiday Resort

Binhai Road is the main route for Dalian International Walking Festival. View of mountain on one side and sea on the other makes it a popular exercise destination for local people.

Lianhuashan (lit. "lotus flower mountain") Temple, Dalian

Liu Changchun statue at Olympic Square, Dalian

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dalian is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China.

Harbin

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Monument of Wanyan Aguda in Acheng District

St. Nicolas Orthodox, a Russian Orthodox church in Harbin, circa 1940, demolished during the Cultural Revolution

Headquarters of the Imperial Japanese Army's covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit (Unit 731)

Three different nationalities – Chinese, Japanese and Russian – on Kitaiskaia Street

Anti–communist Russian Fascist Party Blackshirts, inspired by Italian Fascism, at Harbin Railway Station, 1934, waiting for arrival of their leader Konstantin Rodzaevsky

Monument to Soviet soldiers in Harbin's Nangang District, built by Soviet Red Army in 1945

Map including Harbin (HA-ERH-PIN 哈爾濱) (AMS, 1955)

Harbin and vicinities, LandSat-5 satellite image, 2010-09-22

Office Buildings around Harbin ICE Center

Tower at Harbin Ice and Snow Festival, 2013

Harbin Music Park, located in Youyi West Road.

Harbin Grand Theatre, designed by MAD Studio. Located in Harbin's Songbei District, the opera house is surrounded by wetlands and waterways of Songhua River.

Dragon Tower (Long Ta), a 336-meter-tall freestanding lattice tower, serves as the headquarter of HLJTV.

European-style building in Central Street.

Division B of the 2018 Bandy World Championship was played at the Harbin Sport University Stadium

Haping road, one of the main municipal roads in the south of Harbin.

Hexing Road, western part of Harbin's 2nd ring road.

Entrance of Taipingqiao Station of Line 1, Harbin Metro

Yidaeryuan (2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University) Station, interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3.

The main building of Harbin Institute of Technology. Note the Stalinist "tier-cake" façade, reminiscent of the "Seven Sisters" in Moscow.

North terminal of Harbin Railway Station

A CRH High-Speed train enters Harbin West railway station

Harbin is a sub-provincial city and the provincial capital and the largest city of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, as well as the second largest city by urban population after Shenyang and largest city by metropolitan population (urban and rural together) in Northeast China.

A report on Northeast China

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