Observation
observerobservationsobservedobservationalobserveobservableobservingobservational biasobservesobservers
Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source.wikipedia

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Information
informativeinputinputs
Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source.
In terms of communication, information is expressed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation.




Scientific method
scientific researchscientificmethod
The purpose of an experiment is to determine whether observations agree with or conflict with the predictions derived from a hypothesis.



Quantitative research
quantitativequantitative methodsquantitative data
Observations can be qualitative, that is, only the absence or presence of a property is noted, or quantitative if a numerical value is attached to the observed phenomenon by counting or measuring.
The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.
Hypothesis
hypotheseshypotheticalhypothesized
Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories.

Field research
fieldworkfield workfield studies
Field research involves a range of well-defined, although variable, methods: informal interviews, direct observation, participation in the life of the group, collective discussions, analyses of personal documents produced within the group, self-analysis, results from activities undertaken off- or on-line, and life-histories.

Measurement
measuremeasuringmeasurements
Observations can be qualitative, that is, only the absence or presence of a property is noted, or quantitative if a numerical value is attached to the observed phenomenon by counting or measuring.
In science, an empirical relationship is a relationship or correlation based solely on observation rather than theory.




Phenomenon
phenomenaphenomenalphysical phenomena
Observations can be qualitative, that is, only the absence or presence of a property is noted, or quantitative if a numerical value is attached to the observed phenomenon by counting or measuring.



Introspection
introspectivereflectionself-reflection
Introspection is closely related to human self-reflection and is contrasted with external observation.
Observational astronomy
astronomical observationobservationsobservational
It is the practice and study of observing celestial objects with the use of telescopes and other astronomical instruments.









Observations and Measurements
ISO 19156ISO 19156:2011 ''Geographic information -- Observations and measurementssampling features
Observations and Measurements (O&M) is an international standard which defines a conceptual schema encoding for observations, and for features involved in sampling when making observations.
Observational error
systematic errormeasurement errorsystematic bias
Systematic error may also refer to an error with a non-zero mean, the effect of which is not reduced when observations are averaged.
Theory-ladenness
laden with theoryTheory ladennessTheory-laden
In the philosophy of science, observations are said to be "theory-laden" when they are affected by the
Observable variable
Observable quantityobservableobserved variables
In statistics, observable variable or observable quantity (also manifest variables), as opposed to latent variable, is a variable that can be observed and directly measured.
Deixis
deicticdeicticsdeictically

Primary source
primary sourcesprimaryprimary documents
Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source.


Sense
sensesfive sensessensory
In living beings, observation employs the senses. Human sense impressions are subjective and qualitative, making them difficult to record or compare.







Scientific instrument
scientific instrumentsinstrumentanalytical instruments
In science, observation can also involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments.
Counting
inclusive countinginclusivecount
Observations can be qualitative, that is, only the absence or presence of a property is noted, or quantitative if a numerical value is attached to the observed phenomenon by counting or measuring.

Reproducibility
reproduciblereplicabilityreproduce
However, the need for reproducibility requires that observations by different observers can be comparable.

Subjectivity
subjectivesubjectivelysubjectivities
Human sense impressions are subjective and qualitative, making them difficult to record or compare.
Qualitative property
qualitativequalitative dataqualitatively
Observations can be qualitative, that is, only the absence or presence of a property is noted, or quantitative if a numerical value is attached to the observed phenomenon by counting or measuring. Human sense impressions are subjective and qualitative, making them difficult to record or compare.
Standard (metrology)
standardstandardsmetrology standard
Measurement consists of using observation to compare the phenomenon being observed to a standard unit.



Optical illusion
optical illusionsvisual illusionvisual illusions
Human senses are limited and subject to errors in perception, such as optical illusions.








