A report on Operation Kaman 99

Operation launched by the Iranian Air Force in retaliation to Iraqi surprise aerial attacks on Iran the day before which marked the beginning of the 8-year-long Iran–Iraq War.

- Operation Kaman 99

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Top-left to bottom-right: Iranian child soldier on the frontlines Iranian soldier in a trench wearing a gas mask to guard against Iraqi chemical attacks Port quarter view of the USS Stark listing to port after being mistakenly struck by an Iraqi warplane Pro-Iraq MEK forces killed during Iran's Operation Mersad Iraqi prisoners of war after the recapture of Khorramshahr by Iranian forces ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun being used by the Iranian Army

Iran–Iraq War

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Protracted armed conflict that began on 22 September 1980 with a full-scale invasion of Iran by neighbouring Iraq.

Protracted armed conflict that began on 22 September 1980 with a full-scale invasion of Iran by neighbouring Iraq.

Top-left to bottom-right: Iranian child soldier on the frontlines Iranian soldier in a trench wearing a gas mask to guard against Iraqi chemical attacks Port quarter view of the USS Stark listing to port after being mistakenly struck by an Iraqi warplane Pro-Iraq MEK forces killed during Iran's Operation Mersad Iraqi prisoners of war after the recapture of Khorramshahr by Iranian forces ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun being used by the Iranian Army
Meeting of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Houari Boumédiène and Saddam Hussein (left to right) during the Algiers Agreement in 1975.
Ruhollah Khomeini rose to power after the Iranian Revolution.
Location of Khuzestan Province in Iran which Iraq planned to annex
Iranian President Abolhassan Banisadr, who was also commander-in-chief, on a Jeep-mounted 106mm recoilless anti-tank gun. Banisadr was impeached in June 1981.
The Shatt al-Arab on the Iran–Iraq border
Destroyed Iranian C-47 Skytrain
Iranian F-14A Tomcats equipped with AIM-54A, AIM-7 and AIM-9 missiles.
Resistance of the outnumbered and outgunned Iranians in Khorramshahr slowed the Iraqis for a month.
Iranian president Abulhassan Banisadr on the battlefront
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and Massoud Rajavi, the leader of MEK and the National Resistance Council of Iran (NCRI) in 1988.
The surprise attack on H-3 airbase is considered to be one of the most sophisticated air operations of the war.
Iranian soldier holding an IV bag during the Iran–Iraq War
Iranian Northrop F-5 aircraft during Iran-Iraq war
Iraqi T-62 tank wreckage in Khuzestan Province, Iran
Iraqi soldiers surrendering after the Liberation of Khorramshahr
Saddam Hussein in 1982
An admonitory declaration issued from the Iraqi government in order to warn Iranian troops in the Iran–Iraq War. The statement says: "Hey Iranians! No one has been downtrodden in the country where Ali ibn Abi Ṭālib, Husayn ibn Ali and Abbas ibn Ali are buried. Iraq has undoubtedly been an honorable country. All refugees are precious. Anyone who wants to live in exile can choose Iraq freely. We, the Sons of Iraq, have been ambushing foreign aggressors. The enemies who plan to assault Iraq will be disfavoured by God in this world and the hereafter. Be careful of attacking Iraq and Ali ibn Abi Ṭālib! If you surrender, you might be in peace."
95,000 Iranian child soldiers were made casualties during the Iran–Iraq War, mostly between the ages of 16 and 17, with a few younger.
Furthest ground gains
Iranian POWs in 1983 near Tikrit, Iraq
Iranian child soldier
Iraqi POW who was shot by Iranian troops after they conquered the Iraqi Majnoon oil field in October 1984
Iranian troops fire 152 mm D-20 howitzer
Battle of the Marshes Iran front 1983 rest after exchange of fire 152 mm D-20 H
Operation Earnest Will: Tanker convoy No. 12 under US Navy escort (21 October 1987)
A map indicating the attacks on civilian areas of Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait targeted during the "War of the Cities".
Iraqi commanders discussing strategy on the battlefront (1986)
Iranian President Ali Khamenei on the battlefront during the Iran–Iraq War
Operation Dawn 8 during which Iran captured the Faw Peninsula.
Iranian soldier killed during the Iran–Iraq War with Rouhollah Khomeini's photo on his uniform
The People's Mujahedin of Iran, supported by Saddam, started a ten-day operation after both the Iranian and Iraqi governments accepted UN Resolution 598. Casualty estimates range from 2,000 to 10,000.
Adnan Khairallah, Iraqi Defense Minister, meeting with Iraqi soldiers during the war
IRGC navy speedboats using swarm tactics
An Iranian soldier wearing a gas mask during the Iran–Iraq War.
The Iranian frigate IS Sahand burns after being hit by 20 U.S. air launched missiles and bombs, killing a third of the crew, April 1988
Iranian soldiers captured during Iraq's 1988 offensives
USS Vincennes in 1987 a year before it shot down Iran Air Flight 655
MEK Soldiers killed in Operation Mersad in 1988
Al-Shaheed Monument in Baghdad was erected to commemorate the fallen Iraqi soldiers during the war.
Iranian Martyr Cemetery in Isfahan
Iranian Martyrs Museum in Tehran
An Iranian soldier's funeral in Mashhad, 2013
An Iraqi Mil Mi-24 on display at the military museum of Sa'dabad Palace in Iran
President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush work in the Oval Office of the White House, 20 July 1984.
USS Stark (FFG-31) listing following two hits by Exocet missiles.
Victims of the 1987 chemical attack on Sardasht, West Azerbaijan, Iran
Damage to a mosque in Khoramshahr, Iran, the city that was invaded by Iraq in September 1980

Though the Iraqi air invasion surprised the Iranians, the Iranian air force retaliated the day after with a large-scale attack against Iraqi air bases and infrastructure in Operation Kaman 99.

Badge of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force

Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force

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Aviation branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.

Aviation branch of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.

Badge of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
An IRIAF C-130 Hercules in 1988
A P-3F Orion of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
An Iranian C-130 Hercules in 2010
Iran Air Forces training in Tehran, 2014
A Mirage F1BQ landing
An Su-24MK of the IRIAF flying over Shahid Dastghaib International Airport
An F-14A Tomcat of the IRIAF
A MiG-29 on the tarmac at Dezful Airport
A CH-47 Chinook
An Iranian C-130E

The IRIAF was heavily involved in the Iran–Iraq War, carrying out major operations like Operation Kaman 99, Operation Sultan 10, the H-3 airstrike, and the first attack on a nuclear reactor in history, Operation Scorch Sword.

A junked Il-28 "Beagle" from Saddam Husseins' former regime at Al Taqaddum Airbase, Iraq

Al-Taqaddum Air Base

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Air base that is located in central Iraq, approximately 74 kilometers (46 miles) west of Baghdad, at Habbaniyah.

Air base that is located in central Iraq, approximately 74 kilometers (46 miles) west of Baghdad, at Habbaniyah.

A junked Il-28 "Beagle" from Saddam Husseins' former regime at Al Taqaddum Airbase, Iraq
U.S. Senators John Kerry of Massachusetts, Ted Stevens of Alaska, and John Warner of Virginia in Al Taqaddum
United States Marines gather to honor the lives of fallen Marines during their memorial service held at Al-Taqaddum Air Base

The airbase was bombed in Operation Kaman 99, the day after the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War.

Habbaniya airfield, circa 1941

RAF Habbaniya

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Royal Air Force station at Habbaniyah, about 55 mi west of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates near Lake Habbaniyah.

Royal Air Force station at Habbaniyah, about 55 mi west of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates near Lake Habbaniyah.

Habbaniya airfield, circa 1941
Map of Iraq in World War II
May 2007 view of the Habbaniyah Olympic pool
British media and service members make a brief visit to the cemetery for Remembrance Day ceremonies

The airbase was bombed in Operation Kaman 99 on the second day of the Iran–Iraq War, just after the Iraqi invasion of Iran.

Iranian soldiers resisting the Iraqi invasion during the Battle of Khorramshahr, 1980

Iraqi invasion of Iran

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The Iraqi invasion of Iran refers to the Iraqi military campaign against neighbouring Iran in 1980, when the Iraqi Armed Forces crossed the international border and invaded the country, sparking the protracted Iran–Iraq War.

The Iraqi invasion of Iran refers to the Iraqi military campaign against neighbouring Iran in 1980, when the Iraqi Armed Forces crossed the international border and invaded the country, sparking the protracted Iran–Iraq War.

Iranian soldiers resisting the Iraqi invasion during the Battle of Khorramshahr, 1980
Iranian soldiers resisting the Iraqi invasion during the Battle of Khorramshahr, 1980
The Shatt al-Arab waterway on the Iran–Iraq border
Explosion in Mehrabad Air Base in Tehran after Iraqi forces attacked Tehran on 22 September, 1980
Destroyed Iranian C-47 Skytrain
Location of Khūzestān Province in Iran
Iranian Northrop F-5 during Iran–Iraq War
Ali Khamenei (right), the future Supreme Leader of Iran, in a trench during the Iran-Iraq war.

Though the Iraqi air invasion surprised the Iranians, the Iranian air force retaliated with an attack against Iraqi military bases and infrastructure in Operation Kaman 99 (Bow 99).

An Ilyushin Il-76 cargo aircraft at the base in 2007

Nasiriyah Airport

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Public and military airport located 23 km southwest of Nasiriyah, Iraq.

Public and military airport located 23 km southwest of Nasiriyah, Iraq.

An Ilyushin Il-76 cargo aircraft at the base in 2007
An Ilyushin Il-76 cargo aircraft at the base in 2007
The Ziggurat of Ur is within the perimeter of the base
US A-10 Thunderbolt IIs from the 442nd Fighter Wing, at the base in 2003
A US airman fits a new pair of shoes on a young Bedouin girl in a village near Tallil Air Base, March 5, 2005

The airbase was bombed in Operation Kaman 99 on the second day of the Iran–Iraq War, just after the Iraqi invasion of Iran.

Map of RAF Shaibah, 1947

Shaibah Air Base

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Iraqi Air Force airfield in the Basrah Governorate of Iraq.

Iraqi Air Force airfield in the Basrah Governorate of Iraq.

Map of RAF Shaibah, 1947

The airbase was again bombed in the large-scale Operation Kaman 99 on the second day of the war.

Rasheed Air Base

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Major Iraqi Air Force base on the south east outskirts of Baghdad, in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq.

Major Iraqi Air Force base on the south east outskirts of Baghdad, in the Diyala Governorate of Iraq.

The airbase was bombed in Operation Kaman 99, on the second day of the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s, just after the Iraqi invasion of Iran, and was not operable for 69 days, according to Iranian reports.

Muthenna Air Base

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Former Iraqi Air Force base in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq.

Former Iraqi Air Force base in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq.

Muthenna was among the airbases bombed during Operation Kaman 99, which was launched by Iranian air force the day after the Iraqi invasion of Iran and the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War of 1980s.

Operation Revenge

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Operation during Iran–Iraq War, which was launched by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force on 22 September 1980.

Operation during Iran–Iraq War, which was launched by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force on 22 September 1980.

During this operation (beside Operation Kaman 99), Iraqi economic/military centers were hit by 140 Iranian fighter planes.