A report on Order of the Holy Sepulchre

Church of the Holy Sepulchre (1885). Other than some restoration work, its appearance has essentially not changed since 1854.
The Order of the Holy Sepulchre traces its roots to circa 1099 under the Frankish knight Godfrey of Bouillon (1060–1100), "advocate of the Holy Sepulchre" (Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri), leader of the First Crusade and first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fresco by Giacomo Jaquerio in Saluzzo, northern Italy (circa 1420).
Detail of a miniature of King Philip II of France arriving in the Holy Land.
The Vida (text in red) of the medieval troubadours Tomier and Palaizi, who exclusively advocated defence of the Holy Sepulchre, consequently—in contrast to Lanfranc Cigala—criticising the Albigensian Crusades as distractions, even to the point of resulting in marks of heresy.
The Aedicule inside the church, said to enclose the tomb of Jesus Christ.
Contemporary Franciscan friars during the procession on the Calvary in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (2006).
Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (1492). The Duke chose a palm as his personal symbol in commemoration of his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1468 when he became a knight of the Holy Sepulchre.
Interior of the 15th-century Jeruzalemkerk (Bruges), 2011
Pope Alexander VI restored the Order of Holy Sepulchre to independent status in 1496, and reserved its title of Grand Master for himself and his successors.
Pope Leo X with his Cardinal-cousin Giulio de' Medici (left), future Pope Clement VII, in painting by Raphael (1519). Both endorsed the dubbing of knights.
Cardinal Edwin Frederick O'Brien, Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre 2011–2019, during a pilgrimage in Rome (2013).
The Palazzo Della Rovere, the order's international headquarters where its Grand Magisterium is situated.
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Members and regalia during a ceremony of investiture in Fulda, Germany, in 2009.
The remains of Blessed Bartolo Longo (1841–1926), inside the Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei in Italy.
Entrance of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Flag of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre over the Palazzo della Rovere.
The Arab-Norman Chiesa di San Cataldo, local church to the order in Palermo, Sicily, since 1937.
Notre Dame de Paris in France, where the Relics of Sainte-Chapelle are exposed by the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre.
Investiture in Dresden, Germany, in 2010.
Inside Dresden Cathedral, 9 October 2010.
Procession in honour of Saint Liborius of Le Mans with Knights of the Holy Sepulchre together with Teutonic Knights in Paderborn, Germany.
Pope Alexander VI restored the Order of Holy Sepulchre to independent status in 1496, and reserved its title of Grand Master for himself and his successors.
Pope Leo X with his Cardinal-cousin Giulio de' Medici (left), future Pope Clement VII, in painting by Raphael (1519). Both endorsed the dubbing of knights.

Catholic order of knighthood under the protection of the Holy See.

- Order of the Holy Sepulchre

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A 14th century depiction of the 13th century German knight Hartmann von Aue, from the Codex Manesse.

Knight

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Person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity.

Person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity.

A 14th century depiction of the 13th century German knight Hartmann von Aue, from the Codex Manesse.
A Norman knight slaying Harold Godwinson (Bayeux tapestry, c. 1070). The rank of knight developed in the 12th century from the mounted warriors of the 10th and 11th centuries.
The battle between the Turks and Christian knights during the Ottoman wars in Europe
David I of Scotland knighting a squire
The miles Christianus allegory (mid-13th century), showing a knight armed with virtues and facing the vices in mortal combat. The parts of his armour are identified with Christian virtues, thus correlating essential military equipment with the religious values of chivalry: The helmet is spes futuri gaudii (hope of future bliss), the shield (here the shield of the Trinity) is fides (faith), the armour is caritas (charity), the lance is perseverantia (perseverance), the sword is verbum Dei (the word of God), the banner is regni celestis desiderium (desire for the kingdom of heaven), the horse is bona voluntas (good will), the saddle is Christiana religio (Christian religion), the saddlecloth is humilitas (humility), the reins are discretio (discretion), the spurs are disciplina (discipline), the stirrups are propositum boni operis (proposition of good work), and the horse's four hooves are delectatio, consensus, bonum opus, consuetudo (delight, consent, good work, and exercise).
Tournament from the Codex Manesse, depicting the mêlée
Elements of a harness of the late style of Gothic plate armour that was a popular style in the mid 15th to early 16th century (depiction made in the 18th century)
Page from King René's Tournament Book (BnF Ms Fr 2695)
The Battle of Pavia in 1525. Landsknecht mercenaries with arquebus.
Fortified house – a family seat of a knight (Schloss Hart by the Harter Graben near Kindberg, Austria)
The Battle of Grunwald between Poland-Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights in 1410
Pippo Spano, the member of the Order of the Dragon
The English fighting the French knights at the Battle of Crécy in 1346
Miniature from Jean Froissart Chronicles depicting the Battle of Montiel (Castilian Civil War, in the Hundred Years' War)
A modern artistic rendition of a chevalière of the Late Middle Ages.
A battle of the Reconquista from the Cantigas de Santa Maria
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The Battle of Pavia in 1525. Landsknecht mercenaries with arquebus.

The first military orders of knighthood were the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre and the Knights Hospitaller, both founded shortly after the First Crusade of 1099, followed by the Order of Saint Lazarus (1100), Knights Templars (1118) and the Teutonic Knights (1190).

Alfonso XIII of Spain (left) with his cousin-in-law, the future King George V (right) during his State Visit to the United Kingdom in 1905. Alfonso is wearing the uniform of a general of the British Army, the Royal Victorian Chain, the sash and star of the Garter, the cross of the Order of Charles III, the neck badge of the Golden Fleece, and the badge of the four Spanish military orders. George, then Prince of Wales, is wearing the neck badge of the Golden Fleece, the sash and grand cross grade of the Order of Charles III, the Royal Victorian Chain, and the stars of the Garter and the Order of St Michael and St George.

Order of chivalry

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Order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic military orders of the Crusades (c.

Order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic military orders of the Crusades (c.

Alfonso XIII of Spain (left) with his cousin-in-law, the future King George V (right) during his State Visit to the United Kingdom in 1905. Alfonso is wearing the uniform of a general of the British Army, the Royal Victorian Chain, the sash and star of the Garter, the cross of the Order of Charles III, the neck badge of the Golden Fleece, and the badge of the four Spanish military orders. George, then Prince of Wales, is wearing the neck badge of the Golden Fleece, the sash and grand cross grade of the Order of Charles III, the Royal Victorian Chain, and the stars of the Garter and the Order of St Michael and St George.
Investiture of three new members of the Order of the Knot (miniature from the order's statutes, 1352/4).
Spanish orders of chivalry. In the centre, the Order of the Golden Fleece, 1820
Lemuel Francis Abbott's portrait of Admiral Lord Nelson depicting his honours embroidered on his coat jacket
Insignia of the British Order of the Garter.

Examples are the Knights Templar, Knights of the Holy Sepulchre officially called The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, founded in 1090, the Order of St. John and the Order of Malta.

Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem

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Latin Catholic ecclesiastical patriarchate in Jerusalem, officially seated in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Latin Catholic ecclesiastical patriarchate in Jerusalem, officially seated in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Entry of the Latin Patriarch in Jerusalem (from James Tissot)
Church of the Most Holy Name of Jesus, the Patriarchate's co-cathedral, Jerusalem
Alessio Ascalesi the Archbishop of Naples with Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer & Luigi Barlassina the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem on the right, August 11, 1926

The Latin patriarch of Jerusalem also holds the office of grand prior of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

Emblem of the Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre

Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre

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The Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre (CRSS), or Sepulchrine Canonesses, are a Catholic female religious order first documented in 1300.

The Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre (CRSS), or Sepulchrine Canonesses, are a Catholic female religious order first documented in 1300.

Emblem of the Canonesses Regular of the Holy Sepulchre
A canoness regular of the Holy Sepulcher
The 'Bonnefanten" convent in Maastricht, nowadays a faculty building of the University of Maastricht

In 1306 the community was incorporated as part of the female branch of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, a military Order founded in Jerusalem.

Sovereign Military Order of Malta

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Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of a military, chivalric, and noble nature.

Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of a military, chivalric, and noble nature.

Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
The traditional red military uniform worn by Grand Masters
Blessed Gerard, founder of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. Copper engraving by Laurent Cars, about 1725.
The Battle of Lepanto (1571), unknown artist, late 16th century
Emperor Paul of Russia wearing the Crown of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta (1799).
Palazzo Malta, Rome, Italy
Fra' Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto, 80th Prince and Grand Master
A Knight of Grace and Devotion in contemporary church robes
Cardinal Raymond Burke, Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta since 2014
Coat of arms of the Knights of Malta from the façade of the church of San Giovannino dei Cavalieri, Florence, Italy
Vehicle registration plate of the Order, as seen in Rome, Italy
Flags of Knights Hospitaller in Saint Peter's Castle, Bodrum, Turkey. Left to right: Fabrizio Carretto (1513–1514); Amaury d'Amboise (1503–1512); Pierre d'Aubusson (1476–1503); Jacques de Milly (1454–1451).
Flags of Malta and the SMOM on Fort St. Angelo
Logotype of the [[Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta|Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]
Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, ACISMOM, in parade during Festa della Repubblica in Rome (2007)
Roundel of the air force of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
SMOM Savoia-Marchetti SM.82 at the Italian Air Force Museum
Foreign relations with the SMOM: Diplomatic relations Other official relations

In the ecclesiastical heraldry of the Catholic Church, the Order of Malta is one of only two orders (along with the Order of the Holy Sepulchre) whose insignia may be displayed in a clerical coat of arms.

Coat of arms of the Custody of the Holy Land

Custody of the Holy Land

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Custodian priory of the Order of Friars Minor in Jerusalem, founded as the Province of the Holy Land in 1217 by Saint Francis of Assisi, who had also founded the Franciscan Order in 1209.

Custodian priory of the Order of Friars Minor in Jerusalem, founded as the Province of the Holy Land in 1217 by Saint Francis of Assisi, who had also founded the Franciscan Order in 1209.

Coat of arms of the Custody of the Holy Land
Oldest known portrait in existence of the saint who founded the Order of Friars Minor and its Custody of the Holy Land, dating back to Saint Francis' retreat to Subiaco (1223–1224); depicted without the stigmata.
Saint Francis before Sultan Al-Kamil of Egypt, witnessing the trial by fire (wall fresco, Giotto)
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (1885). Other than some restoration work, its appearance has essentially not changed since 1854. The Immovable Ladder, the small ladder below the top-right window, is also visible in recent photographs; this has remained in the same position since 1754 over a disagreement to remove it.
Franciscan monks during the procession on the Calvary in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre(2006).
The church of the Monastery of Saint Saviour in Jerusalem.
Palestinian Christian scouts on Christmas Eve in front of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (2006).

After the final fall of the second Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1291, the title of Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem was vested in the Custody ex officio in Rome, while resuming its activities in the Holy Land, including surveilling the accolades of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre 1342–1489 until its Grand Magistry was vested in the papacy.

Filoni in 2019

Fernando Filoni

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Filoni in 2019

Fernando Filoni (born 15 April 1946) is a cardinal prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who serves as Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

Portrait by Hans Burgkmair, c. 1500

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

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Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death.

Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death.

Portrait by Hans Burgkmair, c. 1500
Signum manus of Frederick III
Detail of Aeneas Piccolomini introduces Eleonora of Portugal to Frederick III by Pinturicchio (1454–1513)
A tapestry depicting the coronation of Frederick III, which misattributes the Pope in attendance as Pope Pius II.
Frederick III meeting with Charles the Bold
Frederick in old age
Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal
Frederick III's tomb, Vienna

In 1436 he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, accompanied by numerous nobles knighted by the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, which earned him great reputation.

Sant'Onofrio, Rome

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Titular church in Trastevere, Rome.

Titular church in Trastevere, Rome.

Sant'Onofrio painted by Albert Eichhorn (before 1851)

It is the official church of the papal order of knighthood Order of the Holy Sepulchre.

Coat of arms of the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre

Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre

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The Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre were a Catholic religious order of canons regular of the Rule of Saint Augustine said to have been founded in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, then the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, recognised in 1113 by Papal bull of Pope Paschal II.

The Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre were a Catholic religious order of canons regular of the Rule of Saint Augustine said to have been founded in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, then the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, recognised in 1113 by Papal bull of Pope Paschal II.

Coat of arms of the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre
Ruins of the Bellapais Abbey in Cyprus (early 20th century).
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Miechów, Poland.
Witness statements of income of the monastery of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Miechów before the papal nuncio in 1349.

Also, possibly, the convent of Santa Anna in Barcelona, today a church, was originally a house of the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre, or the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, under the guidance of the Patriarch of Jerusalem.