A report on Pattadakal

Temples of Pattadakal
800px
Ardhanarishvara (left half Shiva, right half Parvati) at the Kadasiddheswara temple.
The Nataraja sukanasa on Jambulingeshwara temple spire.
Chandrashekhara temple.
Incomplete Vishnu avatar Varaha relief on Sangameswara Shaiva temple wall.
Kashi Vishwanatha temple with Nandi facing the sanctum.
Lovers inside Mallikarjuna temple.
A relief at Virupaksha temple
A Virupaksha frieze showing two Panchatantra fables.
Papanatha temple
Jain Narayana temple
Mahabharata frieze

Complex of 7th and 8th century CE Hindu and Jain temples in northern Karnataka .

- Pattadakal
Temples of Pattadakal

12 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Rashtrakuta dynasty

6 links

Rashtrakuta (IAST: ) (r.

Rashtrakuta (IAST: ) (r.

Kashivishvanatha temple at Pattadakal, Karnataka
Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal, Karnataka
A stanza from the 9th century Kannada classic Kavirajamarga, praising the people for their literary skills
249x249px
292x292px
286x286px
Interior and arcades
Kailasa temple, is one of the largest rock-cut ancient Hindu temples located in Ellora.
Shikhara of Indra Sabha at Ellora.

Other important contributions are the Kashivishvanatha temple and the Jain Narayana temple at Pattadakal in modern Karnataka, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Durga temple cluster at Aihole

Aihole

4 links

Historic site of ancient and medieval era Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments in Karnataka, India that dates from the sixth century through the twelfth century CE.

Historic site of ancient and medieval era Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments in Karnataka, India that dates from the sixth century through the twelfth century CE.

Durga temple cluster at Aihole
Relief of sleeping Vishnu, now in Mumbai
7th - 8th century Huchappaya matha temple
The Aihole fort rubble walls on Meguti hill enclosing the Jain temple, which is dated to 634.
An 8th-century Shiva temple was renamed Lad Khan Temple after a Muslim commander of Bijapur Sultanate who briefly lived here.
The floor plan of Huchimalligudi temple, Aihole.
Durga temple Aihole - Another view
An amorous couple at the Durga temple.
Gaudargudi temple experiments an open structure.
Vishnu and Lakshmi with Garuda on Ravanaphadi ceiling
Brahma carving in Hucchappayya gudi, now at a Mumbai Museum.
The defaced carvings of Aihole temples.
The Mallikarjuna temple complex at Aihole
Ramalingeshwara Shiva temple's annual ratha (chariot) procession celebrates Aihole stone monuments heritage
The group
Exterior sculpture
Rachigudi Temple of the Triyambakeshvara Group
Kunti group colonnade
Gauri temple mandapa, Aihole
Two storeyed Buddhist temple in Aihole
Meguti hill Jain temple
Floor plan of Meguti temple.
Aihole inscription: poetry on stone at the Meguti temple Aihole
7th–8th century Jain cave temple.
A Chanranthi math Jain temple.
Chalukya Territories during Pulakeshi II c. 640 C.E.

Aihole is 35 km from Badami and about 9.7 km from Pattadakal, both of which are major centres of historically important Chalukya monuments.

Extent of Badami Chalukya Empire, 636 CE, 740 CE.

Chalukya dynasty

5 links

Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.

Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.

Extent of Badami Chalukya Empire, 636 CE, 740 CE.
Old Kannada inscription of Chalukya King Mangalesha dated 578 CE at Badami cave temple no.3
Old Kannada inscription on victory pillar, Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal, 733–745 CE
Coinage of the Chalukyas of Badami. Uncertain ruler. Circa 597-757 CE. Boar and Temple type.
Bhutanatha temple complex, at Badami
Virupaksha temple in Dravidian style at Pattadakal, built 740 CE
Poetry on stone at the Meguti temple (Aihole inscription) dated 634 CE, in Sanskrit language and old Kannada script, with a Kannada language endorsement of about the same date at the bottom.
Vaishnava Cave temple No. 3 at Badami, 578 CE
Bahubali at Jain Cave temple No. 4 at Badami, 6th century
Vishnu image in Cave temple No. 3
Bhutanatha group of temples facing the Badami tank
The Parvati Temple, located about 140 km southeast to the Badami
Aihole – Durga Temple Front View
Aihole – Meguti Jain Temple
Mallikarjuna temple in dravidian style and Kashi Vishwanatha temple in nagara style at Pattadakal, built 740 CE
Dancing Shiva in cave no. 1 in Badami
Papanatha temple at Pattadakal – fusion of southern and northern Indian styles, 680 CE

Among them, the Badami cave inscriptions of Mangalesha (578), Kappe Arabhatta record of c. 700, Peddavaduguru inscription of Pulakeshin II, the Kanchi Kailasanatha Temple inscription and Pattadakal Virupaksha Temple inscription of Vikramaditya II (all in Kannada language) provide more evidence of the Chalukya language.

Vijayanagara style architecture characterized by Yali pillars at Vitthala Temple, Hampi

Dravidian architecture

5 links

Architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged from South India, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century.

Architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged from South India, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century.

Vijayanagara style architecture characterized by Yali pillars at Vitthala Temple, Hampi
The Annamalaiyar Temple in Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu
Typical layout of Dravidian architecture
An aerial view of the Meenakshi Temple, Tamil Nadu, from the top of the southern gopuram, looking north.
Stone vel on a brick platform at the entrance to the Murugan Temple, Saluvankuppam, Tamil Nadu, 300 BCE-300 CE
The rock-cut Shore Temple of the temples in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, 700-728
Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal, Karnataka built in 740
The rock-cut Kailash Temple at Ellora
Doddabasappa Temple, Dambal, Gadag district, Karnataka
Srivilliputhur Andal temple
Detail of the main vimanam (tower) of the Thanjavur Temple-Tamil Nadu
A Dravidian architecture style pillar in Airavatesvara temple, Darasuram, Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu.
The Brihadeeswarar Temple (11th century), Tanjore has a vimana tower that is 216 ft (66 m) high, a classical example of Dravidian architecture. and The sikhara, a cupolic dome (25 tons), is octagonal and rests on a single block of granite, weighing 80 tons.
Symmetrical architecture on Jagati, Somanathapura, Karnataka
Virupaksha Temple at Hampi, Karnataka
Chera dynasty Style temple Layout
Vadakkunnathan Temple
Thirunelli Temple front view
Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple
Kandiyoor Sree Mahadeva Temple
Nallur Kandaswamy temple front entrance
Raja Gopuram of Nainativu Nagapooshani Amman Temple.
Yamuna Eri, a 15th-century pond in Nallur.
Corridor of Naguleswaram Temple
Mantri Manai, the remains of the minister's quarters of Jaffna Kingdom. It is built in a Euro-Dravidian style.<ref name="Rajadhani">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jaffnaroyalfamily.org/royalpalace.html |title=The Nallur Rajadhani}}</ref>

The finest examples of their art are seen in Pattadakal, Aihole and Badami in northern Karnataka.

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).

Jainism

4 links

Ancient Indian religion.

Ancient Indian religion.

The hand symbolizes Ahiṃsā, the wheel dharmachakra, the resolve to halt saṃsāra (transmigration).
Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism
Lord Neminatha, Akota Bronzes (7th century)
Jain miniature painting of 24 tirthankaras, Jaipur, c. 1850
Jain temple painting explaining Anekantavada with Blind men and an elephant
A Jain monk in meditation, wearing the characteristic white robe and face covering
Nishidhi stone, depicting the vow of sallekhana, 14th century, Karnataka
Praying at the feet of a statue of Bahubali
Jain worship may include ritual offerings and recitals.
Celebrating Das Lakshana (Paryushana), Jain Center of America, New York City
The birth of Mahavira, from the Kalpa Sūtra (c.1375–1400 CE)
Shikharji
Idol of Suparśvanātha
A symbol to represent the Jain community was chosen in 1975 as part of the commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira’s nirvana.
Rishabhdev, believed to have lived over 592.704×1018 years ago, is considered the traditional founder of Jainism.
The ruins of Gori Jain temples in Nagarparkar, Pakistan, a pilgrimage site before 1947.
Ranakpur Jain Temple
Dilwara Temples
Parshvanath Temple in Khajuraho
Girnar Jain temples
Jal Mandir, Pawapuri
Lodhurva Jain temple
Palitana temples
Saavira Kambada Basadi, Moodbidri, Karnataka
Jain temple, Antwerp, Belgium
Brahma Jinalaya, Lakkundi
Hutheesing Jain Temple

The Jain complex, Khajuraho and Jain Narayana temple are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Karnataka

5 links

State in the southwestern region of India.

State in the southwestern region of India.

Mallikarjuna temple and Kashi Vishwanatha temple at Pattadakal, built successively by the kings of the Chalukya Empire and Rashtrakuta Empire, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Chief Minister Dr. Devaraj Urs announcing the new name of the Mysore state as 'Karnataka'
Jog Falls, formed by Sharavathi River, are the second-highest plunge waterfalls in India.
Political map of Indian state of Karnataka with the official names of its 31 districts.
emblem of Karnataka
Infosys, a Bengaluru-headquartered information-technology company,
A yakshagana artist
Vishnu image inside the Badami Cave Temple Complex number 3. The complex is an example of Indian rock-cut architecture.
Gomateswara (982–983) at Shravanabelagola is an important centre of Jain pilgrimage.
Halmidi inscription (450 CE) is the earliest attested inscription in the Kannada language.
Indian Institute of Science is one of the premier institutes of India.
Literacy rates of Karnataka districts
Anil Kumble, former captain of the Indian Test team and spin legend, is the highest wicket-taker for India in international cricket.
M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore.
The state bird, Indian roller
Bengal tigers at Bannerghatta National Park near Bangalore
Chennakesava Temple is a model example of the Hoysala architecture, later repaired in the 16th century with financial support and grants by the Vijayanagara Emperors.
Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur has the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Byzantine Hagia Sophia.
Mysore Palace in the evening, the official residence and seat of the Wodeyar dynasty, the rulers of Mysore of the Mysore Kingdom, the royal family of Mysore.

The ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire at Hampi and the monuments of Pattadakal are on the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.

Sangameshvara temple, Pattadakal built in 725 CE

Badami Chalukya architecture

3 links

Temple building idiom that evolved in the 5th – 8th centuries AD in the Malaprabha river basin, in present-day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state of India, under the Chalukya dynasty.

Temple building idiom that evolved in the 5th – 8th centuries AD in the Malaprabha river basin, in present-day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state of India, under the Chalukya dynasty.

Sangameshvara temple, Pattadakal built in 725 CE
Cave temple at Badami Karnataka
Bhutanatha temple complex
Virupaksha temple at Pattadakal
Ravana Phadi cave, Aihole
Jain tirthankara Parshvanath, cave No. 4, Badami cave temples

About 450 CE, the Early Chalukya style originated in Aihole and was perfected in Badaami, Karnataka and Pattadakal, Karnataka.

Caves on the cliff above Agastya Lake

Badami cave temples

4 links

The Badami cave temples are a complex of Hindu and Jain cave temples located in Badami, a town in the Bagalkot district in northern part of Karnataka, India.

The Badami cave temples are a complex of Hindu and Jain cave temples located in Badami, a town in the Bagalkot district in northern part of Karnataka, India.

Caves on the cliff above Agastya Lake
Epigraphy in the Kannada language (c. 578) dating the carving of Cave3
Entrance to Cave1
Nataraja or Dancing Shiva in Cave1
Layout of Cave 3 temple; 1: Vishnu; 2: Trivikrama; 3: Vishnu on sesha; 4: Vishnu avatar Varaha rescuing earth; 5: Harihara (half Shiva, half Vishnu); 6: Vishnu avatar Narasimha standing; 7: Garbha ghriya (sacrum sanctum); Blue O: ceiling carvings of Vedic and Puranic Hindu gods and goddesses.
Ceiling in the Cave-3 with images of Swasthika on two ends with a Matsya avatara of Vishnu in the middle
Artwork shows a collapsing sorrowful woman being helped.
A small cave rock carving of Anantashayana Vishnu.

The cave temples are 14 mi from the UNESCO world heritage site Pattadakal and 22 mi from Aihole – another site with over a hundred ancient and early medieval era Hindu, Jain and Buddhist monuments.

Navilateertha Dam, near Saundatti, Belgaum District, North Karnataka

Malaprabha River

3 links

Tributary of the Krishna River and flows through the state of Karnataka in India.

Tributary of the Krishna River and flows through the state of Karnataka in India.

Navilateertha Dam, near Saundatti, Belgaum District, North Karnataka

Also the temples of Aihole, Pattadakal and Badami are on the banks of the Malaprabha.

Architecture of a Hindu temple (Nagara style). These core elements are evidenced in the oldest surviving 5th–6th century CE temples.

Hindu temple architecture

1 links

Inner sanctum, the garbha griha or womb-chamber, where the primary Murti or the image of a deity is housed in a simple bare cell.

Inner sanctum, the garbha griha or womb-chamber, where the primary Murti or the image of a deity is housed in a simple bare cell.

Architecture of a Hindu temple (Nagara style). These core elements are evidenced in the oldest surviving 5th–6th century CE temples.
The Meenakshi temple complex of Madurai, mostly built between 1623 and 1655 CE, a large complex in the Dravidian architecture of South India, dominated by gopuram gatehouse towers. The two main shrines are much smaller, with gold tops.
A Badami Shiva temple in Karnataka.
Kailasanatha temple, remarkably carved out of one single rock was built by Rashtrakuta king Krishna I (r. 756–773 CE)
17th-century palm leaf manuscript page on temple building, Odisha.
The 8×8 (64) grid Manduka Hindu Temple Floor Plan, according to Vastupurusamandala. The 64 grid is the most sacred and common Hindu temple template. The bright saffron centre, where diagonals intersect above, represents the Purusha of Hindu philosophy.
20px
Dashavatara temple sculpture at Deogarh, completed about 500 CE.
Architecture of the Khajuraho temples
Dravidian (South Indian) Hindu Temple Architecture
Navlakha Temple, Ghumli, Gujarat, 12th century
Devotions in the Swaminarayan temple in Houston, Texas (2004)
The profile of the 13th-century Po Klong Garai Temple near Phan Rang includes all the buildings typical of a Cham temple. From left to right one can see the gopura, the saddle-shaped kosagrha, and mandapa attached to the kalan tower.
Nashik Maharashtra temple, cross section and plan (1910 sketch)
Vrindavan Uttar Pradesh temple plan
Khajuraho Madhya Pradesh temple plan
Puri Odisha temple complex plan
Bhubneshwar Odisha, a smaller temple plan
Halebidu Karnataka temple plan
Chidambaram Tamil Nadu temple plan
Thiruvallur, Tamil Hindu temple complex
Mandapa of a temple in South India. Much temple sculpture was originally painted.
Stepped floorplan of Dattatreya Temple (one side of the shrine) with five projections at Chattarki in Gulbarga district, 12th century CE
Shrine wall and superstructure in Kasivisvesvara temple at Lakkundi
Ornate Gadag style pillars at Sarasvati Temple, Trikuteshwara temple complex at Gadag
Mahadeva Temple at Itagi, Koppal district in Karnataka, also called Devalaya Chakravarti,<ref name="deva">Cousens (1926), p. 101</ref><ref name="fine">Kamath (2001), pp. 117–118</ref> 1112 CE, an example of dravida articulation with a nagara superstructure.
Single storey gopura (Dravidian architecture)
Two storey gopura (Dravidian architecture)
Pillar elements (shared by Nagara and Dravidian)
Athisthana architectural elements of a Hindu temple
Entablature elements
A vimana with mandapam elements (Dravidian architecture)

Other examples are found in Aihole and Pattadakal.