A report on Pierre Buyoya

Buyoya, pictured at Chatham House in 2013
Buyoya in 1990

Burundian army officer and politician who served two terms as President of Burundi in 1987 to 1993 and 1996 to 2003 as de facto military dictator.

- Pierre Buyoya
Buyoya, pictured at Chatham House in 2013

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Burundi

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Landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge.

Landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley where the African Great Lakes region and East Africa converge.

Flag of the Kingdom of Burundi (1962–1966).
Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura.
Belligerents of the Second Congo War. Burundi backed the rebels.
View of the capital city Bujumbura in 2006.
Pierre Nkurunziza, President of Burundi in 2005–2020.
Embassy of Burundi in Brussels
Map of Burundi.
Hippos at Kibira National Park in the Northwest of Burundi
A proportional representation of Burundi exports, 2019
Historical development of GDP per capita
Graphical depiction of Burundi's product exports in 28 colour-coded categories in 2009.
Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika.
Bujumbura International Airport terminal in Bujumbura
Bicycles are a popular means of transport in Burundi
Men in colourful dresses and drums
Children in Bujumbura, Burundi
Drums from Gitega.
Football in Burundi.
Carolus Magnus School in Burundi. The school benefits from the campaign "Your Day for Africa" by Aktion Tagwerk.

On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader Pierre Buyoya established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition.

People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide that marked the civil war's start

Burundian Civil War

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Civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005.

Civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005.

People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide that marked the civil war's start
Location of Burundi in Central Africa
The death of President Melchior Ndadaye (pictured 1993) was one of the civil war's main causes
Building torched during the 1993 genocide
Ex-President Pierre Buyoya took over the Burundian government in the 1996 coup
Hutu rebels regularly attacked Bujumbura (center of the map) from the forested mountains around it
Pierre Nkurunziza was elected president in 2005
Burundian government soldiers in 2006, shortly after the conflict's end.

The last of the coups was in 1987 and installed Tutsi officer Pierre Buyoya.

A CIA WFB map of Burundi

1996 Burundian coup d'état

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Military coup d'état that took place in Burundi on 25 July 1996.

Military coup d'état that took place in Burundi on 25 July 1996.

A CIA WFB map of Burundi

In the midst of the Burundi Civil War, former president Pierre Buyoya (a Tutsi) deposed Hutu President Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.

Bagaza in 1978

Jean-Baptiste Bagaza

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Burundian army officer and politician who ruled Burundi as president and de facto military dictator from November 1976 to September 1987.

Burundian army officer and politician who ruled Burundi as president and de facto military dictator from November 1976 to September 1987.

Bagaza in 1978
Location of Burundi in Central Africa.

A military coup broke out in September 1987, led by Major Pierre Buyoya, while Bagaza was abroad in Quebec, Canada.

A CIA WFB map of Burundi

1987 Burundian coup d'état

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Bloodless military coup that took place in Burundi on 3 September 1987.

Bloodless military coup that took place in Burundi on 3 September 1987.

A CIA WFB map of Burundi

Tutsi president Jean-Baptiste Bagaza was deposed whilst traveling abroad and succeeded by Tutsi Major Pierre Buyoya.

Ndayizeye in 2005

Domitien Ndayizeye

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Burundian politician who was President of Burundi from 2003 to 2005.

Burundian politician who was President of Burundi from 2003 to 2005.

Ndayizeye in 2005

He succeeded Pierre Buyoya, as president on 30 April 2003, after serving as Buyoya's vice president for 18 months.

Burial of President Melchior Ndadaye, who was killed during the coup attempt

1993 Burundian coup d'état attempt

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Attempted in Burundi by a Tutsi–dominated army faction.

Attempted in Burundi by a Tutsi–dominated army faction.

Burial of President Melchior Ndadaye, who was killed during the coup attempt
President Melchior Ndadaye, pictured in 1993
Some observers suspected that former president Pierre Buyoya was involved in the coup.
Cyprien Ntaryamira (center) was among the leading FRODEBU members who survived the coup.
Burundians fleeing from the violence in the aftermath of the coup attempt
Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi was left the de facto President of Burundi following the coup.

In June 1993 presidential and parliamentary elections were held and won by the Hutu-dominated Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU), displacing the ruling Union pour le Progrès National (UPRONA) and President Pierre Buyoya.

President Ndadaye in 1993

Melchior Ndadaye

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Burundian intellectual and politician.

Burundian intellectual and politician.

President Ndadaye in 1993
Ndadaye speaking at a FRODEBU rally following his electoral victory in 1993
Ndadaye greeting Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi at Bujumbura airport, 1993
Ndadaye's casket lowered into his grave

That year Burundi became beset by ethnic violence, and on 23 October he criticised the government of President Pierre Buyoya in a meeting called by the governor of Gitega Province.

1993 Burundian presidential election

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Presidential elections were held in Burundi on 1 June 1993 following the approval of a new constitution in a referendum the previous year.

Presidential elections were held in Burundi on 1 June 1993 following the approval of a new constitution in a referendum the previous year.

Three candidates entered the contest, with Melchior Ndadaye of the Front for Democracy in Burundi defeating incumbent President Pierre Buyoya with 66% of the vote.

Ntibantunganya in 1994

Sylvestre Ntibantunganya

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Burundian politician.

Burundian politician.

Ntibantunganya in 1994

In 1988, President Pierre Buyoya decreed the creation of a 24-person commission to study ethnic divisions in Burundi and create a plan for national unity.