Political parties in the United States and Related Topics

Democratic Party (United States)

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Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States (1829–1837) and the first Democratic president.

Martin Van Buren was the eighth president of the United States (1837–1841) and the second Democratic president.

The 1885 inauguration of Grover Cleveland, the only president with non-consecutive terms

Leaders of the Democratic Party during the first half of the 20th century on 14 June 1913: Secretary of State William J. Bryan, Josephus Daniels, President Woodrow Wilson, Breckinridge Long, William Phillips, and Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, 32nd and 33rd presidents of the United States (1933–1945; 1945–1953), featured on a campaign poster for the 1944 presidential election

John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, 35th and 36th presidents of the United States (1961–1963, 1963–1969)

Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the United States (1977–1981), delivering the State of the Union Address in 1979

Bill Clinton, 42nd president of the United States (1993–2001), at The Pentagon in 1998

Barack Obama speaking to College Democrats of America in 2007

President Barack Obama meeting with the Blue Dog Coalition in the State Dining Room of the White House in 2009

Eleanor Roosevelt at the 1956 Democratic National Convention in Chicago

President Barack Obama signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law at the White House on March 23, 2010

Secretary of State John Kerry addressing delegates at the United Nations before signing the Paris Agreement on April 22, 2016

Shirley Chisholm was the first major-party African American candidate to run nationwide primary campaigns.

President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Immigration Act of 1965 as Vice President Hubert Humphrey, Senators Edward M. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy and others look on

Then-Senator Barack Obama shaking hands with an American soldier in Basra, Iraq in 2008

President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in 1978

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meeting with President Barack Obama at Ben Gurion Airport in 2013

Self-identified Democrats (blue) versus self-identified Republicans (red) (January–June 2010 data)

Higher percentages of Democrats than Republicans are members of union households.

Elected at age 33, Jon Ossoff is currently the youngest member of the U.S. Senate.

Hillary Clinton was the first woman to be nominated for president by a major party.

Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg

Julián Castro served as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

U.S. opinion on gun control issues is deeply divided along political lines, as shown in this 2021 survey.

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.

Electoral votes, out of 538, allocated to each state and the District of Columbia for presidential elections to be held in 2024 and 2028, based on representation, which depends on population data from the 2020 census. Every jurisdiction is entitled to at least 3.

United States Electoral College

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Group of presidential electors required by the Constitution to form every four years for the sole purpose of appointing the president and vice president.

In the 2020 presidential election (held using 2010 census data) Joe Biden received 306 and Donald Trump 232 of the total 538 electoral votes.
In Maine (upper-right) and Nebraska (center), the small circled numbers indicate congressional districts. These are the only two states to use a district method for some of their allocated electors, instead of a complete winner-takes-all.

Cases of certificates of the electoral college votes confirming the results of the 2020 US election, after they had been removed from the House Chambers by congressional staff during the 2021 U.S. Capitol attack.

After the popular election in November, a state's Certificate of Ascertainment officially announces the state's electors for the Electoral College. The appointed Electoral College members later meet in the state capital in December to cast their votes.

Population per electoral vote for each state and Washington, D.C. (2010 census). By 2020 estimates, a single elector could represent more than 700,000 people or under 200,000.

When the state's electors meet in December, they cast their ballots and record their vote on a Certificate of Vote, which is then sent to the U.S. Congress. (From the election of 1876)

This cartogram shows the number of electors from each state for the 2012, 2016 and 2020 presidential elections. Following the 2010 Census, New York and Ohio lost two electoral votes, 8 states lost one, 6 states gained one, Florida gained two, and Texas gained four.

This graphic demonstrates how the winner of the popular vote can still lose in an electoral college system similar to the U.S. Electoral College.

Bar graph of popular votes in presidential elections (through 2020). Black stars mark the five cases where the winner did not have the plurality of the popular vote. Black squares mark the two cases where the electoral vote resulted in a tie, or the winner did not have the majority of electoral votes. An H marks each of two cases where the election was decided by the House; an S marks the one case where the election was finalized by the Supreme Court.

These maps show the amount of attention given to each state by the Bush and Kerry campaigns (combined) during the final five weeks of the 2004 election: each waving hand (purple map) represents a visit from a presidential or vice presidential candidate; each dollar sign (green map) represents one million dollars spent on TV advertising.

Half the U.S. population lives in 143 urban / suburban counties out of 3,143 counties or county equivalents (2019 American Community Survey)

The custom of allowing recognized political parties to select a slate of prospective electors developed early.

Democratic-Republican Party

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Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the 1800 presidential election, thereby becoming the first Democratic-Republican president.

The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 totaled 827,987 sqmi, doubling the size of the United States.

Albert Gallatin served as Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison.

James Monroe, the third Democratic-Republican president

Four Democratic-Republicans sought the presidency in 1824: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay.

John Quincy Adams won the 1824 presidential election as a Democratic-Republican after leaving the Federalist Party earlier in his career.

Presidential election results from 1796 to 1824. Darker shades of green indicate that the state generally supported the Democratic-Republicans, and darker shades of brown indicate that the state generally supported the Federalists.

John Randolph of Roanoke was a prominent member of a group of Southern plantation owners known as the Old Republicans.

Andrew Jackson led a faction of Democratic-Republicans that ultimately coalesced into the Democratic Party.

The Democratic-Republican Party, also referred to as the Jeffersonian Republican Party and known at the time as the Republican Party and occasional other names, was an American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early 1790s that championed republicanism, agrarianism, political equality, and expansionism.

John Quincy Adams, the 6th president, became a Whig congressman later in his career.

Whig Party (United States)

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Political party that espoused traditionalist conservatism in the United States during the middle of the 19th century.

Henry Clay, a founder of the Whig Party in the 1830s and its 1844 presidential nominee

Daniel Webster, a leading Whig from New England

William Henry Harrison, a two-time presidential candidate who became the first Whig president in 1841 but died just one month into office

William Henry Harrison defeated Martin Van Buren in the 1840 presidential election, thereby becoming the first Whig president

President John Tyler clashed with congressional Whigs and was expelled from the party.

Zachary Taylor served in the Mexican-American War and later won the 1848 presidential election as the Whig nominee.

The United States settled the Texas-Mexico border and acquired portions of seven current states in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Portions of present-day Arizona and New Mexico were later acquired in the 1853 Gadsden Purchase.

A political cartoon satirizing the candidacy of either Zachary Taylor or Winfield Scott in the 1848 presidential election

Millard Fillmore, the last Whig president

Gen. Winfield Scott, the unsuccessful Whig candidate in the 1852 presidential election

John J. Crittenden, an influential Whig leader who later established the short-lived Constitutional Union Party to contest the election of 1860

U.S. presidential election results from 1828 to 1852. Darker shades of blue indicate states that generally voted for the Democratic Party, while darker shades of yellow/brown indicate states that generally voted for the Whig or National Republican Party.

Charles Sumner, an anti-slavery "Conscience Whig" who later joined the Republican Party

Edward Everett, a pro-South "Cotton Whig"

Abraham Lincoln, a former Whig congressman, won the 1860 presidential election on the Republican ticket.

John Marshall Harlan, who began his career as a Whig officeholder, served on the Supreme Court from 1877 to 1911.

Alongside the slightly larger Democratic Party, it was one of the two major parties in the United States between the late 1830s and the early 1850s as part of the Second Party System.

Federalist Party

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A portrait of Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull, 1806

The Apotheosis of Washington as seen looking up from the Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C.

Gilbert Stuart, John Adams, c. 1800-1815

The Federalist Party was a traditionalist conservative party that was the first political party in the United States.

National Republican Party

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The National Republican Party, also known as the Anti-Jacksonian Party or simply Republicans, was a political party in the United States that evolved from a faction of the Democratic-Republican Party that supported John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential election.

History of the Republican Party (United States)

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One of the two major political parties in the United States.

Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican President (1861–1865)

This Democratic editorial cartoon links John C. Frémont to other radical movements including temperance, feminism, Fourierism, free love, Catholicism and abolition

National Union ticket in 1864 as party men gave these to voters to deposit in the ballot box

African-American members of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives: Sen. Hiram Revels (R-MS) and Reps. Benjamin Turner (R-AL), Robert DeLarge (R-SC), Josiah Walls (R-FL), Jefferson Long (R-GA), Joseph Rainey and Robert B. Elliott (R-SC), 1872

Ulysses S. Grant was the first Republican president to serve for two full terms (1869–1877)

An 1896 Republican poster warns against free silver

Theodore Roosevelt leads party to landslide win in 1904

Theodore Roosevelt's 1908 Farewell speeches sought progressive laws that did not pass Congress

President Theodore Roosevelt watches the party team pull apart on tariff issue

Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon, 1953: the first Republican presidential inauguration in 24 years

Arizona Senator and 1964 Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater was a key figure of the American conservative movement in the 1950s and 1960s

Richard Nixon currently holds the record for most states won in a presidential election, 49 excluding Massachusetts and D.C. in 1972

Ronald Reagan launched the "Reagan Revolution" with his election to the presidency in 1980, providing conservative influence that continues to the present day

George H. W. Bush, the first former vice president to become president by vote rather than by the death or resignation of the sitting president since 1836, ended the Cold War during his term

Newt Gingrich, House Speaker (1995–1999), was the most visible adversary for President Bill Clinton

The presidency of George W. Bush was greatly impacted by the events of the September 11th terrorist attacks

John Boehner, House Speaker (2011–2015), was the most visible adversary for President Barack Obama

2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney was the first Mormon nominated for president by either major party

Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States

It is the second-oldest extant political party in the United States after its rival, the Democratic Party.

Republican Party (United States)

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Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the United States (1861–1865) and the first Republican to hold the office

Charles R. Jennison, an anti-slavery militia leader associated with the Jayhawkers from Kansas and an early Republican politician in the region

Ulysses S. Grant, 18th president of the United States (1869–1877)

James G. Blaine, 28th & 31st Secretary of State (1881; 1889–1892)

William McKinley, 25th president of the United States (1897–1901)

Theodore Roosevelt, 26th president of the United States (1901–1909)

Herbert Hoover, 31st president of the United States (1929–1933)

Ronald Reagan, 40th president of the United States (1981–1989)

Donald Trump, 45th president of the United States (2017–2021)

Calvin Coolidge, 30th president of the United States (1923–1929)

Arnold Schwarzenegger, 38th governor of California (2003–2011)

John McCain, United States senator from Arizona (1987–2018)

Donald Rumsfeld, 21st United States Secretary of Defense (2001–2006)

Colin Powell, 65th United States Secretary of State (2001–2005)

Newt Gingrich, 50th Speaker of the House of Representatives (1995–1999)

Annual population growth in the U.S. by county - 2010s

This map shows the vote in the 2020 presidential election by county.

Political Spectrum Libertarian Left Centrist Right Authoritarian

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP ("Grand Old Party"), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States.

A 2016 general election ballot, listing the presidential and vice presidential candidates

United States presidential election

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Indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington, D.C., cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the Electoral College.

Comparison of the popular vote totals since 1900.

The hand-written copy of the natural-born-citizen clause as it appeared in 1787

A 2008 Democratic caucus meeting in Iowa City, Iowa. The Iowa caucuses are traditionally the first major electoral event of presidential primaries and caucuses.

Madison Square Garden in New York City, the site of the 1976, 1980, and 1992 Democratic National Conventions; and the 2004 Republican National Convention.

The floor of the 2008 Republican National Convention at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

A Texas voter about to mark a selection for president on a ballot, 2008 Election Day

John Adams was the first of 26 presidents who have been lawyers.

The nomination process, consisting of the primary elections and caucuses and the nominating conventions, was not specified in the Constitution, but was developed over time by the states and political parties.

Libertarian Party (United States)

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David Nolan, founder of the Libertarian Party, with the Nolan Chart

Former Governor Gary Johnson during the 2012 election

The presidential election results for all Libertarian Party candidates from 1972.

Wyoming State Representative Marshall Burt (L–Green River)

Gary Johnson's performance in the 2016 election shown by county, with darker shades indicating stronger support

Representative Justin Amash, the first Libertarian member of Congress

Libertarian protester at the 2010 Tea Party tax day, St. Paul, Minnesota

A Libertarian banner at an abortion rights rally

The Libertarian Party (LP) is a political party in the United States that promotes civil liberties, non-interventionism, laissez-faire capitalism, and limiting the size and scope of government.

A report on Political parties in the United States

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