A report on Portugal and Sub-replacement fertility

Countries by crude birth rate (CBR) in 2014
Global fertility rates as of 2020
Chalcolithic Dolmen Anta da Arca
Americans with a bachelor's degree or higher by state according to the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey in 2019.
Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley.
Child labor is common in many parts of the world
Megalithic Monuments of Alcalar, built in the 3rd millennium BCE.
Human Development Index map. Darker is higher.
Roman Temple of Évora, in the Alentejo, is one of the best preserved Roman-built structures in the country.
The Danshan, Sichuan Province Nongchang Village people Public Affairs Bulletin Board in September 2005 noted that RMB 25,000 in social compensation fees were owed in 2005, for violation of the one child policy. Thus far 11,500 RMB had been collected, so another 13,500 RMB had to be collected.
Centum Cellas, in the Beira region, is a Roman villa rustica from the 1st century CE.
Japan, a highly developed country, has low fertility rates and a rapidly aging population
Map of the Kingdom of the Suebi in the 5th and 6th centuries
Infant mortality rates, under age 1, in 2013. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest infant mortality rate, as well as the highest TFR.
Visigothic kingdom in Iberia c.560
Illustrated depiction of the First Council of Braga of 561 CE
Suebi King Miro and St. Martin of Braga; c. 1145
The Caliphate of Cordoba in the early 10th century
Statue of Ibn Qasi outside the Castle of Mértola, in the Alentejo
A statue of Count Vímara Peres, first Count of Portugal
Alfonso VI of León investing Henry, Count of Portugal, in 1093
Afonso Henriques was the last Count of Portugal and the first King of Portugal after winning the Battle of Ourique in 1139.
Henry the Navigator
Vasco da Gama
Areas across the world that were, at one point in their history, part of the Portuguese Empire
The 1st Marquis of Pombal effectively ruled Portugal as an enlightened despot during the reign of King Joseph I.
The frontispiece of the 1826 Portuguese Constitution featuring King-Emperor Pedro IV and his daughter Queen Maria II
Left to right: President Bernardino Machado, President Teófilo Braga, President António José de Almeida, and Prime Minister Afonso Costa; 1911
António de Oliveira Salazar ruled Portugal from 1932 to 1968, within the Estado Novo regime.
Portuguese Africa before independence in 1975
Mário Soares became Portugal's first democratically elected Prime-Minister in 1976.
The Treaty of Lisbon was signed in 2007, when Portugal held the presidency for the European Council.
Köppen climate classification map of continental Portugal
The Marinha Beach in Lagoa, Algarve is considered by the Michelin Guide as one of the 10 most beautiful beaches in Europe and as one of the 100 most beautiful beaches in the world.
Peneda-Gerês National Park is the only nationally designated park in Portugal, owing to the rarity and significance of its environment.
Chameleo from Algarve
Exclusive economic zone of Portugal
Belém Palace serves as the official residence and workplace of the President of the Republic.
The Praça do Comércio houses multiple ministries of the Government of Portugal.
The Assembly of the Republic is housed in São Bento Palace in Lisbon.
Necessidades Palace houses the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Current Secretary-General of the United Nations and former Prime Minister António Guterres
Portuguese Army - Leopard 2A6
Portuguese Navy - MEKO-200 PN
Portuguese Air Force - F-16 Fighting Falcons
Lisbon's Campus of Justice
A cavalryman of the National Republican Guard's honour guard
Debt as a percentage of the economy of Portugal, compared to eurozone average
A proportional representation of Portugal's exports,
Avenida da Liberdade leading to Marquis of Pombal Square, Lisbon, is one of the most expensive shopping streets in Europe.
November 2011 protests against austerity measures outside the Assembly of the Republic
Portugal has the thirteenth-largest gold reserve in the world.
The Alentejo is known as the "bread basket of Portugal", being the country's leading region in wheat and cork production.
"Cupa", Roman tombstones into the shape of wooden wine barrels, were used to mark the grave of wine makers in the 3rd century in Alentejo, a region to this day renowned for its wines.
A Portucel Soporcel pulp and paper factory in Setúbal
A view of Nazaré, in Estremadura
Rooster of Barcelos, an iconic Portuguese souvenir
The Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa is Portugal's oldest (1878) astronomical observatory.
Vasco da Gama Bridge is the longest bridge in the EU.
Portugal electricity production 1980-2019
Top origins for foreign-born naturalized citizens of Portugal
A sign in Mirandese in Miranda do Douro, Trás-os-Montes
University of Evora, Portugal's second oldest university.
King Diniz statue at the University of Coimbra: the first university in Portugal (now the University of Coimbra), then called the Estudo Geral (General Study), was founded in Lisbon with his signing of the document Scientiae thesaurus mirabilis in Leiria on 3 March 1290.
The Medical Department of NOVA University Lisbon
Pasteis de Nata in Lisbon
Fado, depicted in this famous painting (c. 1910) by José Malhoa, is Portugal's traditional music.
Amália Rodrigues, known as the Queen of Fado, performing in 1969
Domingos Sequeira was one of the most prolific neoclassical painters. (Adoration of the Magi; 1828)
Cristiano Ronaldo is consistently ranked as one of the best football players in the world and considered to be one of the greatest players of all time.
Miguel Oliveira, Portuguese professional motorcycle racer.

In 2016, all European Union countries had a sub-replacement fertility rate, ranging from a low of 1.3 in Portugal, Poland, Greece, Spain and Cyprus to a high of 2.0 in France.

- Sub-replacement fertility

Like most Western countries, Portugal has to deal with low fertility levels: the country has experienced a sub-replacement fertility rate since the 1980s.

- Portugal

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