A report on Proposition

Meaning of a declarative sentence.

- Proposition

18 related topics with Alpha

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Frege in c. 1879

Gottlob Frege

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German philosopher, logician, and mathematician.

German philosopher, logician, and mathematician.

Frege in c. 1879
Title page to Begriffsschrift (1879)
Frege, c. 1905

In Foundations and "The Thought", Frege argues for Platonism against psychologism or formalism, concerning numbers and propositions respectively.

Argument terminology used in logic

Logic

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Study of correct reasoning or good arguments.

Study of correct reasoning or good arguments.

Argument terminology used in logic
Aristotle, 384–322 BCE.
A depiction from the 15th century of the square of opposition, which expresses the fundamental dualities of syllogistic.

In this sense, it is equivalent to formal logic and constitutes a formal science investigating how conclusions follow from premises in a topic-neutral way or which propositions are true only in virtue of the logical vocabulary they contain.

Truth value

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In logic and mathematics, a truth value, sometimes called a logical value, is a value indicating the relation of a proposition to truth.

An angel carrying the banner of "Truth", Roslin, Midlothian

Truth

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Property of being in accord with fact or reality.

Property of being in accord with fact or reality.

An angel carrying the banner of "Truth", Roslin, Midlothian
Walter Seymour Allward's Veritas (Truth) outside Supreme Court of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
'"What is Truth?" by Nikolai Ge, depicting John 18:38 in which Pilate asks Christ "What is truth?"

In everyday language, truth is typically ascribed to things that aim to represent reality or otherwise correspond to it, such as beliefs, propositions, and declarative sentences.

Truth-bearer

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Entity that is said to be either true or false and nothing else.

Entity that is said to be either true or false and nothing else.

Truth-bearer candidates include propositions, sentences, sentence-tokens, statements, beliefs, thoughts, intuitions, utterances, and judgements but different authors exclude one or more of these, deny their existence, argue that they are true only in a derivative sense, assert or assume that the terms are synonymous,

Portrait of Wittgenstein on being awarded a scholarship from Trinity College, Cambridge, 1929

Ludwig Wittgenstein

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Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

Portrait of Wittgenstein on being awarded a scholarship from Trinity College, Cambridge, 1929
Karl Wittgenstein was one of the richest men in Europe.
Palais Wittgenstein, the family home, around 1910
Ludwig, c. 1890s
Ludwig sitting in a field as a child
From left, Helene, Rudi, Hermine, Ludwig (the baby), Gretl, Paul, Hans, and Kurt, around 1890
Ludwig (bottom-right), Paul, and their sisters, late 1890s
The Realschule in Linz
Austrian philosopher Otto Weininger (1880–1903)
Ludwig Wittgenstein, aged about eighteen
The old Technische Hochschule Berlin in Charlottenburg, Berlin
Ludwig with his friend William Eccles at the Kite-Flying Station in Glossop, Derbyshire
Wittgenstein, 1910s
Bertrand Russell, 1907
Wittgenstein sitting with his friends and family in Vienna. Marguerite Respinger sits at the end of the left and the sculpture he made of her sits behind him on the mantel-place
David Pinsent
Entries from October 1914 in Wittgenstein's diary, on display at the Wren Library, Trinity College, Cambridge
Austro-Hungarian supply line over the Vršič Pass, on the Italian front, October 1917
Wittgenstein's military identity card during the First World War
The Wittgenstein family in Vienna, Summer 1917, with Kurt (furthest left) and Ludwig (furthest right) in officers' uniforms.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, schoolteacher, c. 1922
Frank P. Ramsey visited Wittgenstein in Puchberg am Schneeberg in September 1923.
Wittgenstein, 1925
Wittgenstein worked on Haus Wittgenstein between 1926 and 1929.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1930
Photograph showing Wittgenstein's house in Norway, sent by Wittgenstein to G. E. Moore, October 1936
Wittgenstein on holiday in France with Gilbert Pattisson, July 1936
Wittgenstein in the Fellows' Garden at Trinity, 1939
Wittgenstein in Swansea, Summer 1947
One of the last photographs taken of Wittgenstein, in the garden of Georg Henrik von Wright's home in Cambridge, Summer 1950; Wittgenstein had taken the sheet from his bed and draped it behind him
Plaque in the National Botanic Gardens, Dublin, commemorating Wittgenstein's visits in the winter of 1948–1949.
The plaque at "Storey's End", 76 Storey's Way, Cambridge, where Wittgenstein died.
Wittgenstein on his deathbed, 1951
Death notice issued by Ludwig's family
Wittgenstein's grave at the Ascension Parish Burial Ground in Cambridge
Illustration of a "duckrabbit", discussed in the Philosophical Investigations, section XI, part II
The "Wittgenstein Monument" in Skjolden, Norway, erected near the philosopher's hut in 2018 by artists Sebastian Kjølaas, Marianne Bredesen and Siri Hjorth. The "hand-mouth" pine monument can also speak and whistle.

The "early Wittgenstein" was concerned with the logical relationship between propositions and the world, and he believed that by providing an account of the logic underlying this relationship, he had solved all philosophical problems.

Propositional calculus

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Branch of logic.

Branch of logic.

It deals with propositions (which can be true or false) and relations between propositions, including the construction of arguments based on them.

A Venn diagram illustrating the traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief (represented by the yellow circle). The Gettier problem gives us reason to think that not all justified true beliefs constitute knowledge.

Belief

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A Venn diagram illustrating the traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief (represented by the yellow circle). The Gettier problem gives us reason to think that not all justified true beliefs constitute knowledge.
Philosopher Jonathan Glover warns that belief systems are like whole boats in the water; it is extremely difficult to alter them all at once (for example, it may be too stressful, or people may maintain their biases without realizing it).
We are influenced by many factors that ripple through our minds as our beliefs form, evolve, and may eventually change

A belief is an attitude that something is the case, or that some proposition about the universe is true.

False (logic)

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State of possessing negative truth value or a nullary logical connective.

State of possessing negative truth value or a nullary logical connective.

. A statement that entails false itself is sometimes called a contradiction, and contradictions and false are sometimes not distinguished, especially due to the Latin term falsum being used in English to denote either, but false is one specific proposition.

Term logic

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Loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the peripatetics.

Loose name for an approach to formal logic that began with Aristotle and was developed further in ancient history mostly by his followers, the peripatetics.

The syllogism is an inference in which one proposition (the "conclusion") follows of necessity from two other propositions (the "premises").