Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Residue (chemistry)
Whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events.
Whatever remains or acts as a contaminant after a given class of events.
In biochemistry and molecular biology, a residue refers to a specific monomer within the polymeric chain of a polysaccharide, protein or nucleic acid.
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (\sNH3+) and carboxylate (\sCO2-) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (\sNH3+) and carboxylate (\sCO2-) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
More than 500 naturally occurring amino acids are known to constitute monomer units of peptides, including proteins, although only 22 appear in the genetic code, 20 of which have their own designated codons and 2 of which have special coding mechanisms: Selenocysteine which is present in all eukaryotes and pyrrolysine which is present in some prokaryotes.
Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
DNA replication
Biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
Biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis.
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins.
Peptide bond
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one) of one alpha-amino acid and N2 (nitrogen number two) of another, along a peptide or protein chain.
Peptide
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
A polypeptide that contains more than approximately fifty amino acids is known as a protein.
Post-translational modification
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.
Cofactor (biochemistry)
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction).
Macromolecule
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biophysical processes, such as a protein or nucleic acid.