The provinces and territories of Canada are the sub-national governments within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution.

Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 e6km2, making it the world's second-largest country by total area.

In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)—were united to form a federated colony, becoming a sovereign nation in the next century.

Over the years since Confederation, Canada has seen numerous territorial changes and expansions, resulting in the current union of ten provinces and three territories.

In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)—were united to form a federated colony, becoming a sovereign nation in the next century.

Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.

In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)—were united to form a federated colony, becoming a sovereign nation in the next century.

Quebec (Québec ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.

In modern Canadian constitutional theory, the provinces are considered to be sovereign within certain areas based on the divisions of responsibility between the provincial and federal government within the Constitution Act 1867, and each province thus has its own representative of the Canadian "Crown", the lieutenant governor.

The monarchy of Canada forms the core of each Canadian provincial jurisdiction's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government in each province.

In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)—were united to form a federated colony, becoming a sovereign nation in the next century.

The Province of Canada ceased to exist at Canadian Confederation on 1 July 1867, when it was divided into the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the most populous city in Canada, with a population of 2,731,571 in 2016.

Quebec City (pronounced or ; Québec ; Ville de Québec, Abenaki language: Kephek ), officially Québec, is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec.

Canadian provincial and territorial postal abbreviations are used by Canada Post in a code system consisting of two capital letters, to represent the 13 provinces and territories on addressed mail.

Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada (after Toronto).

Halifax, also known as the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), is the capital of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

Fredericton is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

Moncton is the largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

The legislative assemblies use a procedure similar to that of the House of Commons of Canada.

Seats in the House of Commons are distributed roughly in proportion to the population of each province and territory.

Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada.

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

Victoria is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast.

Prince Edward Island (PEI or P.E.I.; Île-du-Prince-Édouard) is a province of Canada consisting of the Atlantic island of the same name along with several much smaller islands nearby.

Charlottetown (Baile Sheàrlot) is the capital and largest city of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, and the county seat of Queens County.

Saskatchewan is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada, the only province without natural borders.

Regina is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.

Saskatoon is the largest city in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.

Alberta is a western province of Canada.

Edmonton (Cree: ᐊᒥᐢᑲᐧᒋᐊᐧᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ; Blackfoot: Omahkoyis ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta.

Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta.