A report on Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen

Ethnoreligious groups in 2002. Zaydi Shi'a followers make up between 35% and 42.1% of Muslims in Yemen.
King Salman of Saudi Arabia and Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir meet with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry in September 2015
Excavation of a Kassite dye site on Al Khor Island
Saudi foreign minister Adel al-Jubeir announced a five-day ceasefire in Yemen, 8 May 2015
Anthropomorphic stela (4th millennium BC), sandstone, 57x27 cm, from El-Maakir-Qaryat al-Kaafa (National Museum of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh)
An airstrike in Sanaʽa, 11 May 2015
Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850.
Protest against the military intervention in Yemen on 14 August 2020
The "Worshipping Servant" statue (2500 BC), above 1 m in height, is much taller than any possible Mesopotamian or Harappan models. Photo courtesy of the National Museum of Korea.
A 1794 map depicting Catura in the Historical region of Bahrain.
Saudi Arabia's UK-supplied Eurofighter Typhoons are playing a central role in Saudi-led bombing campaign in Yemen.
Qaṣr Al-Farīd, the largest of the 131 rock-cut monumental tombs built from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD, with their elaborately ornamented façades, at the extensive ancient Nabatean archaeological site of Hegra located in the area of Al-'Ula within Al Madinah Region in the Hejaz. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008.
A partially restored section of the ruined town of Zubarah.
The US Navy has actively participated in the Saudi-led naval blockade, which humanitarian organizations argue has been the main contributing factor to the outbreak of famine in Yemen.
Colossal statue from Al-'Ula in the Hejaz (6th–4th century BC), it followed the standardized artistic sculpting of the Lihyanite kingdom, the original statue was painted with white
Qatar in an 1891 Adolf Stieler map
Yemeni capital Sanaa after airstrikes, 9 October 2015
At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) covered 11100000 km2 and 62 million people (29 per cent of the world's population), making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population. It was also larger than any previous empire in history.
Old city of Doha, January 1904.
Protest against the military intervention in Yemen, New York City, December 2017
The Battle of Badr, 13 March 624 CE
Zubarah Fort built in 1938.
Protest outside 10 Downing Street against a visit by Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, London, March 2018
Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founding father and first king of Saudi Arabia
A British Wilding series stamp, issued 1 April 1957, and overprinted for use in Qatar.
The conflict is exacerbating Yemen's water scarcity, Sanaa, 21 May 2015
Political map of Saudi Arabia
Traditional dhows in front of the West Bay skyline as seen from the Doha Corniche.
An airstrike in Sanaʽa on a textile factory in July 2015 left more than 1,300 people unemployed (photo: A. Mojalli/VOA, November 2015)
Map of Saudi Arabian administrative regions and roadways
Amiri Diwan of the State of Qatar, administrative office of the Emir.
Apartment building destroyed by a strike in Sanaa on 5 September 2015
Map of oil and gas pipelines in the Middle-East
Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani with U.S. President Joe Biden in January 2022.
Development of the number of IDPs and IDP returnees (January 2010 – June 2018)
King Fahd with US President Ronald Reagan and future US President Donald Trump in 1985. The US and Saudi Arabia supplied money and arms to the anti-Soviet mujahideen fighters in Afghanistan.
Two Qatari Mirage 2000s fly in formation during Air Defense Exercise.
"Let Yemen Live" protest at US and Saudi missions to the UN, New York City, December 2017
As many as 500 princes, government ministers, and business people, including Prince Fahd bin Abdullah, were arrested by Saudi Arabian authorities as part of the 2017 Saudi Arabian purge
Migrant workers in Doha.
Yemen's former president Ali Abdullah Saleh was initially allied with Houthis, until they assassinated him on accounts of treason.
Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh with Bogdan Borusewicz in the Polish Senate, 26 May 2014
Ad Dawhah (Doha), the most populous municipality in Qatar.
Yemen's President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 7 May 2015
Verses from the Quran. The Quran is the official constitution of the country and a primary source of law. Saudi Arabia is unique in enshrining a religious text as a political document.
Municipalities of Qatar as of 2014
Foreign Ministers of the U.S., the U.K., Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, before a working dinner focused on Yemen, 19 July 2016
U.S. President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah Al Sisi, 21 May 2017
Commercial district in Doha.
Protesters against the US-backed Saudi-led war on Yemen were led away handcuffed by New York police outside the US mission to the UN on 11 December 2017
U.S. President Barack Obama meets King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, July 2014
High-rise buildings in Doha.
Registration of Indian citizens evacuating from Yemen, March 2015
Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is named after a Saudi king. The kingdom is a strong ally of Pakistan. WikiLeaks claimed that Saudis are "long accustomed to having a significant role in Pakistan's affairs".
Qatar Central Bank's office in Doha.
Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir with then British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson (now Prime Minister) in London, 16 October 2016
Tourist resort at Banana Island in Qatar
Major Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict locations
Oryx GTL plant in Qatar
Flag of Al-Qaeda, a transnational terrorist group formed by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Arabian national of Yemeni and Syrian extraction who was stripped of his Saudi passport in 1994.
A proportional representation of Qatar exports, 2019
"The Saudi pilots training in Italy 1935"—a scene from 'Our Eagles', one of four video wall shows made for the Royal Saudi Air Force Museum
Hamad International Airport
Saudi soldiers from the First Airborne Brigade.
Qatar Airways Airbus A380, Qatar Airways, one of the world's largest airlines, links over 150 international destinations from its base in Doha.
Deera Square, central Riyadh. It is a former site of public be-headings.
Doha Metro
Saudi Arabia topography
Residential buildings at the Pearl
Harrat Khaybar seen from the International Space Station. Saudi Arabia is home to more than 2000 dormant volcanoes. Lava fields in Hejaz, known locally by their Arabic name of harrat (the singular is harrah), form one of Earth's largest alkali basalt regions, covering some 180000 km2, an area greater than the state of Missouri.
Mosque in Qatar
A proportional representation of Saudi Arabia exports, 2019
National Museum of Qatar in Doha
Office of Saudi Aramco, the world's most valuable company and the main source of revenue for the state
Museum of Islamic Art in Doha
The hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims.
Qatar National Library in Doha
King Abdullah Financial Center is one of the largest investment centres in the Middle East, located in Riyadh
The news desk of Al Jazeera English, a Qatari news channel
Al-Hasa is known for its palm trees and dates. Al-Hasa has over 30 million palm trees which produce over 100 thousand tons of dates every year.
Lusail Sports Arena
Saudi Arabia population density (people per km2)
Al-Rayyan Stadium
Laboratory buildings at KAUST
Lusail Iconic Stadium with capacity of 80,000 seats.
The Al-Yamamah Private University in Riyadh
Student Center in Education City. Education City houses various educational facilities, including satellite campuses of eight international universities.
UIS literacy rate Saudi Arabia population, 15 plus, 1990–2015
Qatar University
Historical development of life expectancy in Saudi Arabia
Supplicating pilgrim at Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque) in Mecca. The Kaaba is the cubic building in front of the pilgrim.
Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the Islamic holy city of Mecca
Sarah Attar is a track and field athlete who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics as one of the first two female Olympians representing Saudi Arabia.
The Masjid al-Haram is the holiest Islamic site, located in Mecca
The Mosque of the Prophet in Medina containing the tomb of Muhammad
King Abdullah practising falconry, a traditional pursuit in the country
Arabic coffee is a traditional beverage in Arabian cuisine
Uruguay – Saudi Arabia match at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia
The 3000-year-old ancient historical city of Dumat al-Jandal in Al Jawf Province
The old city of Jeddah
Jabal Sawda ({{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}) located in the 'Asir subrange of the Sarat Mountains
Abha City, located {{convert|2270|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level in the 'Asir Region
Beach promenade in Al-Wajh
Dhi 'ain village located in Al Bahah Province
The desert of Al-Rub' Al-Khali (The Empty Quarter)
Saad Khader from left and right Mohammad Al-Ali in 1979

On 26 March 2015, Saudi Arabia, leading a coalition of nine countries from West Asia and North Africa, launched an intervention in the Yemeni Civil War in response to calls from the president of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi for military support after he was ousted by the Houthi movement.

- Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen

It occupies the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and shares its sole land border with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf.

- Qatar

It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south.

- Saudi Arabia

The Saudi-led coalition has attacked the positions of the Houthi militia, and loyalists of the former President of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh, supported by Iran (see Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict), Fighter jets and ground forces from Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Academi (formerly called Blackwater) took part in the operation.

- Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen

By the late 2010s, there have been continual calls for halting of arms sales to Saudi Arabia, mainly due to alleged war crimes in Yemen and especially following the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.

- Saudi Arabia

Qatar participated in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was deposed in the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings.

- Qatar

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Overall

United Arab Emirates

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Country in Western Asia (The Middle East).

Country in Western Asia (The Middle East).

2nd century BCE era jar found in Mleiha Archaeological site in Sharjah.
A painting of the Portuguese Empire Doba Fortress in Dibba Al-Hisn in 1620.
Purple – Portuguese in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th century. Main cities, ports and routes.
A painting depicting the burning of the coastal town and port of Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah during the Persian Gulf campaign of 1809.
Dhayah Fort at the hill top. In 1819 it was the last Al-Qasimi stronghold to fall in the Persian Gulf campaign of 1819. The fall of Dhayah was to pave the way for the signing of the General Maritime Treaty of 1820.
Dubai in 1950; the area in this photo shows Bur Dubai in the foreground (centered on Al-Fahidi Fort); Deira in middle-right on the other side of the creek; and Al Shindagha (left) and Al Ras (right) in the background across the creek again from Deira
Historic photo depicting the first hoisting of the United Arab Emirates flag by the rulers of the emirates at The Union House, Dubai on 2 December 1971
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the first President of the United Arab Emirates and is recognised as the father of the nation.
View of Dubai
Satellite image of United Arab Emirates
Roads leading to Jebel Jais, the highest mountain in the UAE (1,892 m), in Ras Al Khaimah.
Acacia trees growing in desert suburbs near Fujairah
Entrance to Qasr Al Watan, the presidential palace in Abu Dhabi.
Emirati Minister of Foreign Affairs Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan (furthest right) at the signing of the Abraham Accords.
United Arab Emirates Air Force F-16 Block 60 "Desert Falcon", taking off from the Lockheed Martin plant in Fort Worth, Texas.
Dubai Police helicopter flying at sunset.
A man pictured with alcoholic beverages in Dubai. Alcoholic beverages were not widely available in the UAE before 2020
Dubai Police super-car motorcade at Jumeirah Road
Protest against the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, March 2018
Two south Asian blue-collar workers posing for a picture with Burj Khalifa on the background.
Dubai construction workers having lunch break.
Dubai Media City is home to diverse news and tech companies.
Burj Khalifa is the tallest human-made structure in the world.
Abu Dhabi skyline
A proportional representation of United Arab Emirates exports, 2019
Dubai Marina Skyline
Ruwais Refinery is the fourth-largest single-site oil refinery in the world and the biggest in the Middle East.
Dubai Marina Beach
E 311, one of major roads in the UAE.
A Dubai Metro train. Dubai Metro is the Arabian peninsula's first rapid transit system and was the world's longest driverless metro network until 2016.
An Emirati folk dance, the women flip their hair sideways in brightly coloured traditional dress.
A band performs Yowlah in an Emirati wedding. Yowlah is a cultural dance derived from Arab tribes sword battles.
Arabic coffee with lugaimat; a traditional Emirati sweet.
Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi
Zayed Sports City Stadium in Abu Dhabi.
Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi
University City Hall is the largest hall located in University City in Sharjah. Graduation ceremonies of American University of Sharjah, University of Sharjah, and Higher Colleges of Technology are notably held here.
Abu Dhabi University
Residential villas in the Palm Jumeirah palm fronds in Dubai.
Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Abu Dhabi.

It is located at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula and shares borders with Oman and Saudi Arabia, while having maritime borders in the Persian Gulf with Qatar and Iran.

Some of the UAE military deployments include an infantry battalion to the United Nations UNOSOM II force in Somalia in 1993, the 35th Mechanised Infantry Battalion to Kosovo, a regiment to Kuwait during the Iraq War, demining operations in Lebanon, Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, American-led intervention in Libya, American-led intervention in Syria, and the Saudi-led intervention in Yemen.

Arab League

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Regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Northern Africa, Western Africa, Eastern Africa, and Western Asia.

Regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Northern Africa, Western Africa, Eastern Africa, and Western Asia.

Arab League of states establishment memorial stamp. Showing flags of the 8 establishing countries: Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (North Yemen), Syrian Republic, Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Lebanese Republic and Palestine
Joining dates of member states; the Comoros (circled) joined in 1993. 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s
Headquarters of the Arab League, Cairo.
Administrative divisions in the Arab League.
2013 Arab League Summit Logo
OAPEC Members
Recognition of both Israel and Palestinian State Recognition of Palestinian State only

The Arab League was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 initially with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (renamed Jordan in 1949), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.

The decision was reached while Operation Decisive Storm was intensifying in Yemen.

As of 2013, a significant difference in economic conditions exist between the developed oil states of Algeria, Qatar, Kuwait and the UAE, and developing countries like the Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.

Flag of Tahrir al-Sham, a Sunni militant group. Qatar is accused of paying the group $140 million in a deal that saw the release of hostages. According to an Iraqi Shi'ite militia, the deal was linked to delivery of humanitarian aid to Shi'ite and Sunni villages in Syria.

Qatar diplomatic crisis

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Flag of Tahrir al-Sham, a Sunni militant group. Qatar is accused of paying the group $140 million in a deal that saw the release of hostages. According to an Iraqi Shi'ite militia, the deal was linked to delivery of humanitarian aid to Shi'ite and Sunni villages in Syria.
US President Donald Trump, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi at the 2017 Riyadh Summit. The meeting is cited as one of the catalysts for the crisis.
Yousef Al-Otaiba
Maps showing the routes taken by Qatar Airways flights leaving Doha before and after the embargo was imposed. Data taken from FlightRadar24.
United States President Donald Trump with the Emir of Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, May 2017.
US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson being escorted to his meeting with the Emir of Qatar, Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani on July 11, 2017.
Turkey has supported Qatar in its diplomatic confrontation with a Saudi and Emirati-led bloc of countries
Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar
Combined Air and Space Operations Center (CAOC) in Qatar provides command and control of air power throughout Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, and 17 other nations.

The Qatar diplomatic crisis was a diplomatic incident that began on 5 June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt severed diplomatic relations with Qatar and banned Qatar-registered planes and ships from utilising their airspace and sea routes, along with Saudi Arabia blocking Qatar’s only land crossing.

On 4 January 2021, Qatar and Saudi Arabia agreed to a resolution of the crisis brokered by Kuwait and the United States.

Qatar was expelled from the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and Yemen's government itself has cut ties.

Bahrain

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Island country in Western Asia.

Island country in Western Asia.

A 1745 Bellin map of the historical region of Bahrain
Map showing the locations of the ancient burial mounds. There are an estimated 350,000 burial mounds.
The Persian Empire in Sassanid era on the eve of the Arab conquest, c. 600 AD.
Facsimile of a letter sent by Muhammad to Munzir ibn-Sawa al-Tamimi, governor of Bahrain, in AD 628
The Portuguese Fort of Barém, built by the Portuguese Empire while it ruled Bahrain from 1521 to 1602.
Arad Fort in Arad; constructed before the Portuguese assumed control.
Purple – Portuguese in the Persian Gulf in the 16th and 17th centuries. Main cities, ports and routes.
This photograph shows the coronation of Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa as the Hakim of Bahrain in February 1933.
Map of Bahrain in 1825.
Manama harbor, c. 1870
A photograph of the First Oil Well in Bahrain, with oil first being extracted in 1931
Overview of Manama, 1953.
Manama souq in 1965
Satellite view of Bahrain and eastern Saudi Arabia in 2016.
Bahrain map 2014
Greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) are native to Bahrain.
Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the King of Bahrain
of the Royal Bahraini Navy taking part in a multilateral sea exercise
King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa meets U.S. President Donald Trump, May 2017
Bahraini protests against the ruling Al Khalifa family in 2011
Several people held a sit-in in solidarity with human rights activist Nabeel Rajab
GDP per capita development in Bahrain
A proportional representation of Bahrain exports, 2019
Manama skyline as viewed from Juffair
The cities of Muharraq (foreground) and Manama (background)
The Tree of Life, a 9.75 meters high Prosopis cineraria tree that is over 400 years old
The King Fahd Causeway as seen from space
Bahrainis observing public prayers in Manama
Gudaibiya mosque, in Manama
Female students at the University of Bahrain dressed in traditional garb
Ambulance in International Hospital of Bahrain
The Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa house is an example of traditional architecture in Bahrain.
An artisan making pottery using the traditional mud and water mixture on a revolving wheel.
The Bahrain national football team playing Australia on June 10, 2009, in a World Cup qualifier
The podium ceremony at the 2007 Bahrain Grand Prix

Bahrain is situated between Qatar and the northeastern coast of Saudi Arabia, to which it is connected by the King Fahd Causeway.

Bahrain participates in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Shia Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who was deposed in the 2011 Arab Spring uprising.