A report on Saudi Arabia and Qatar

Excavation of a Kassite dye site on Al Khor Island
Anthropomorphic stela (4th millennium BC), sandstone, 57x27 cm, from El-Maakir-Qaryat al-Kaafa (National Museum of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh)
Abbasid Caliphate at its greatest extent, c. 850.
The "Worshipping Servant" statue (2500 BC), above 1 m in height, is much taller than any possible Mesopotamian or Harappan models. Photo courtesy of the National Museum of Korea.
A 1794 map depicting Catura in the Historical region of Bahrain.
Qaṣr Al-Farīd, the largest of the 131 rock-cut monumental tombs built from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD, with their elaborately ornamented façades, at the extensive ancient Nabatean archaeological site of Hegra located in the area of Al-'Ula within Al Madinah Region in the Hejaz. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008.
A partially restored section of the ruined town of Zubarah.
Colossal statue from Al-'Ula in the Hejaz (6th–4th century BC), it followed the standardized artistic sculpting of the Lihyanite kingdom, the original statue was painted with white
Qatar in an 1891 Adolf Stieler map
At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) covered 11100000 km2 and 62 million people (29 per cent of the world's population), making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population. It was also larger than any previous empire in history.
Old city of Doha, January 1904.
The Battle of Badr, 13 March 624 CE
Zubarah Fort built in 1938.
Abdulaziz Ibn Saud, the founding father and first king of Saudi Arabia
A British Wilding series stamp, issued 1 April 1957, and overprinted for use in Qatar.
Political map of Saudi Arabia
Traditional dhows in front of the West Bay skyline as seen from the Doha Corniche.
Map of Saudi Arabian administrative regions and roadways
Amiri Diwan of the State of Qatar, administrative office of the Emir.
Map of oil and gas pipelines in the Middle-East
Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani with U.S. President Joe Biden in January 2022.
King Fahd with US President Ronald Reagan and future US President Donald Trump in 1985. The US and Saudi Arabia supplied money and arms to the anti-Soviet mujahideen fighters in Afghanistan.
Two Qatari Mirage 2000s fly in formation during Air Defense Exercise.
As many as 500 princes, government ministers, and business people, including Prince Fahd bin Abdullah, were arrested by Saudi Arabian authorities as part of the 2017 Saudi Arabian purge
Migrant workers in Doha.
Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh with Bogdan Borusewicz in the Polish Senate, 26 May 2014
Ad Dawhah (Doha), the most populous municipality in Qatar.
Verses from the Quran. The Quran is the official constitution of the country and a primary source of law. Saudi Arabia is unique in enshrining a religious text as a political document.
Municipalities of Qatar as of 2014
U.S. President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah Al Sisi, 21 May 2017
Commercial district in Doha.
U.S. President Barack Obama meets King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, July 2014
High-rise buildings in Doha.
Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is named after a Saudi king. The kingdom is a strong ally of Pakistan. WikiLeaks claimed that Saudis are "long accustomed to having a significant role in Pakistan's affairs".
Qatar Central Bank's office in Doha.
Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir with then British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson (now Prime Minister) in London, 16 October 2016
Tourist resort at Banana Island in Qatar
Major Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict locations
Oryx GTL plant in Qatar
Flag of Al-Qaeda, a transnational terrorist group formed by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Arabian national of Yemeni and Syrian extraction who was stripped of his Saudi passport in 1994.
A proportional representation of Qatar exports, 2019
"The Saudi pilots training in Italy 1935"—a scene from 'Our Eagles', one of four video wall shows made for the Royal Saudi Air Force Museum
Hamad International Airport
Saudi soldiers from the First Airborne Brigade.
Qatar Airways Airbus A380, Qatar Airways, one of the world's largest airlines, links over 150 international destinations from its base in Doha.
Deera Square, central Riyadh. It is a former site of public be-headings.
Doha Metro
Saudi Arabia topography
Residential buildings at the Pearl
Harrat Khaybar seen from the International Space Station. Saudi Arabia is home to more than 2000 dormant volcanoes. Lava fields in Hejaz, known locally by their Arabic name of harrat (the singular is harrah), form one of Earth's largest alkali basalt regions, covering some 180000 km2, an area greater than the state of Missouri.
Mosque in Qatar
A proportional representation of Saudi Arabia exports, 2019
National Museum of Qatar in Doha
Office of Saudi Aramco, the world's most valuable company and the main source of revenue for the state
Museum of Islamic Art in Doha
The hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims.
Qatar National Library in Doha
King Abdullah Financial Center is one of the largest investment centres in the Middle East, located in Riyadh
The news desk of Al Jazeera English, a Qatari news channel
Al-Hasa is known for its palm trees and dates. Al-Hasa has over 30 million palm trees which produce over 100 thousand tons of dates every year.
Lusail Sports Arena
Saudi Arabia population density (people per km2)
Al-Rayyan Stadium
Laboratory buildings at KAUST
Lusail Iconic Stadium with capacity of 80,000 seats.
The Al-Yamamah Private University in Riyadh
Student Center in Education City. Education City houses various educational facilities, including satellite campuses of eight international universities.
UIS literacy rate Saudi Arabia population, 15 plus, 1990–2015
Qatar University
Historical development of life expectancy in Saudi Arabia
Supplicating pilgrim at Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque) in Mecca. The Kaaba is the cubic building in front of the pilgrim.
Non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the Islamic holy city of Mecca
Sarah Attar is a track and field athlete who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics as one of the first two female Olympians representing Saudi Arabia.
The Masjid al-Haram is the holiest Islamic site, located in Mecca
The Mosque of the Prophet in Medina containing the tomb of Muhammad
King Abdullah practising falconry, a traditional pursuit in the country
Arabic coffee is a traditional beverage in Arabian cuisine
Uruguay – Saudi Arabia match at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia
The 3000-year-old ancient historical city of Dumat al-Jandal in Al Jawf Province
The old city of Jeddah
Jabal Sawda ({{convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=or}}) located in the 'Asir subrange of the Sarat Mountains
Abha City, located {{convert|2270|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level in the 'Asir Region
Beach promenade in Al-Wajh
Dhi 'ain village located in Al Bahah Province
The desert of Al-Rub' Al-Khali (The Empty Quarter)
Saad Khader from left and right Mohammad Al-Ali in 1979

It occupies the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and shares its sole land border with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf.

- Qatar

It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south.

- Saudi Arabia

23 related topics with Alpha

Overall

Eastern Arabia (historical region of Bahrain) on a 1745 Bellin map

Eastern Arabia

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Eastern Arabia (historical region of Bahrain) on a 1745 Bellin map
A dhow, a common item depicting the culture of seafaring in Eastern Arabia. It is displayed in the coat of arms of Kuwait and Qatar.
Gerrha and its neighbors in 1 AD.
Asia in 600 CE, showing the Sassanid Empire before the Arab conquest
Phoenicians men their ships in service to Assyrian king Sennacherib, during his war against the Chaldeans in the Persian Gulf, c. 700 BC
Facsimile of a letter sent by Muhammad to Munzir ibn-Sawa al-Tamimi, governor of Bahrain in AD 628
Map of eastern and central Arabia in the 9th–10th centuries

Eastern Arabia (اَلْبَحْرَيْنِ) is a historical region stretching from Southern Iraq along the Persian Gulf coast and included regions in Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Northern Oman.

Saudi Arabia is often considered a Gulf Arab state although most of the country's inhabitants do not live in Eastern Arabia with the exception of the Bahrani people who live in Qatif and al-Hasa oases and who historically inhabited the entire region of Eastern Arabia before the establishment of the modern day political borders.

Arab League

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Regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Northern Africa, Western Africa, Eastern Africa, and Western Asia.

Regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in Northern Africa, Western Africa, Eastern Africa, and Western Asia.

Arab League of states establishment memorial stamp. Showing flags of the 8 establishing countries: Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (North Yemen), Syrian Republic, Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Lebanese Republic and Palestine
Joining dates of member states; the Comoros (circled) joined in 1993.
 1940s 1950s 1960s  1970s
Headquarters of the Arab League, Cairo.
Administrative divisions in the Arab League.
2013 Arab League Summit Logo
OAPEC Members
Recognition of both Israel and Palestinian State
Recognition of Palestinian State only

The Arab League was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 initially with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan (renamed Jordan in 1949), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.

As of 2013, a significant difference in economic conditions exist between the developed oil states of Algeria, Qatar, Kuwait and the UAE, and developing countries like the Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.

Al Jazeera

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Al Jazeera Arabic building
Wadah Khanfar, former Director General of Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Jazeera English newsroom, 2011

Al Jazeera (الجزيرة,, "The Peninsula") is the state-owned Arabic-language international radio broadcaster of Qatar.

The channel has been criticised by some organisations as well as nations such as Saudi Arabia for being "Qatari propaganda".

An 18th century map of the Arabian Peninsula circa. 1740s

Wahhabism

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Sunni Islamic revivalist and fundamentalist movement associated with the reformist doctrines of the 18th-century Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, and activist Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (c.

Sunni Islamic revivalist and fundamentalist movement associated with the reformist doctrines of the 18th-century Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, and activist Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (c.

An 18th century map of the Arabian Peninsula circa. 1740s
Usul al-Thalatha (Three Fundamental Principles), a pamphlet by Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
Document describing the historic meeting between Muhammad ibn Saud and Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab
The First Saudi state (1744–1818)
The ruins of Dir'iyah, capital city of the First Saudi state
The Second Saudi state in 1850
Ibn Saud, the first king of Saudi Arabia circa. 1910
Soldiers of the Ikhwan army
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia after unification in 1932
King Faisal with pan-Islamist leader Hajji Amin al-Husseini, former Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
Jamaat-e-Islami leader Abul A'la Maududi was influential in cementing the Islamist-Wahhabi alliance across South Asia
Dammam No. 7, the first commercial oil well in Saudi Arabia, which struck oil on 4th of March 1938
Mass demonstrations during the 1979 Iranian revolution
Smoke rising from the Grand Mosque during the assault on the Marwa-Safa gallery, 1979
Map of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, December 1979
Saudi Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman
An early photo of the Grand Mosque of Riyadh circa. 1922
Photo of a marketplace in the town of Al-Hasa circa. 1922
West Bay Skyline from Imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Mosque in Doha, Qatar
Muwahhidun (Wahhabi) movement is highly influenced by the doctrines of the classical Hanbali theologian Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328 C.E/ 728 A.H)
Fath al-Majid (Divine Triumph); an explanatory treatise on Kitab al-Tawhid (Book on Monotheism) by 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Hassan Aal ash-Shaykh (1780–1868 C.E)
Compilation of ibn Mu'ammar's treatises and Legal verdicts published by Sayyid Rashid Rida in 1925-26 C.E
Photo of a group of Wahhabi soldiers dated 1935 C.E
British Expeditionary forces sacking the coastal city of Ras al-Khaimah in December 1809
Fall of Ras al-Khaimah to the British troops during the Persian Gulf Campaign of 1819
Portrait of a Wahhabi musketeer of Emirate of Diriyah

In 1744, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab formed a pact with a local leader, Muhammad bin Saud, a politico-religious alliance that continued for the next 150 years, culminating politically with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.

"a sect dominant in Saudi Arabia and Qatar" with footholds in "India, Africa, and elsewhere", with a "steadfastly fundamentalist interpretation of Islam in the tradition of Ibn Hanbal" (Cyril Glasse)

OPEC

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Intergovernmental organization of countries.

Intergovernmental organization of countries.

OPEC Conference delegates at Swissotel, Quito, Ecuador, December 2010.
OPEC headquarters in Vienna
(2009 building).
An undersupplied US gasoline station, closed during the oil embargo in 1973.
A woman uses wood in a fireplace for heat. A newspaper headline in the foreground shows a story regarding a lack of heating oil in the community.
Fluctuations of OPEC net oil export revenues since 1972
One of the hundreds of Kuwaiti oil fires set by retreating Iraqi troops in 1991
Fluctuations of Brent crude oil price, 1988–2015
OPEC members' net oil export revenues, 2000–2020
Countries by net oil exports (2008).
Countries by oil production (2013)
Gusher well in Saudi Arabia: conventional source of OPEC production
Shale "fracking" in the US: important new challenge to OPEC market share
Logo for JODI, in which OPEC is a founding member.
Sulfur content and API gravity of different types of crude oil.

Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state.

Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar are former OPEC members.

Arabic

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Semitic language that first emerged in the 1st to 4th centuries CE.

Semitic language that first emerged in the 1st to 4th centuries CE.

Safaitic inscription
The Namara inscription, a sample of Nabataean script, considered a direct precursor of Arabic script.
Arabic from the Quran in the old Hijazi dialect (Hijazi script, 7th century AD)
The Qur'an has served and continues to serve as a fundamental reference for Arabic. (Maghrebi Kufic script, Blue Qur'an, 9th-10th century)
Coverage in Al-Ahram in 1934 of the inauguration of the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo, an organization of major importance to the modernization of Arabic.
Taha Hussein and Gamal Abdel Nasser were both staunch defenders of Standard Arabic.
Flag of the Arab League, used in some cases for the Arabic language
Flag used in some cases for the Arabic language (Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz 1916–1925).The flag contains the four Pan-Arab colors: black, white, green and red.
Different dialects of Arabic
Arabic calligraphy written by a Malay Muslim in Malaysia. The calligrapher is making a rough draft.

Gulf Arabic, spoken by around four million people, predominantly in Kuwait, Bahrain, some parts of Oman, eastern Saudi Arabia coastal areas and some parts of UAE and Qatar. Also spoken in Iran's Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces. Although Gulf Arabic is spoken in Qatar, most Qatari citizens speak Najdi Arabic (Bedawi).

Peninsular Arabic varieties (Gulf Arabic indicated by dark maroon)

Gulf Arabic

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Peninsular Arabic varieties (Gulf Arabic indicated by dark maroon)

Gulf Arabic (خليجي Ḵalījī local pronunciation: or اللهجة الخليجية il-lahja il-Ḵalījīya, local pronunciation: ) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, southern Iraq, eastern Saudi Arabia, northern Oman, and by some Iranian Arabs.

A Salafi funeral site in Linxia, China

Salafi movement

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Reform branch movement within Sunni Islam that originated during the nineteenth century.

Reform branch movement within Sunni Islam that originated during the nineteenth century.

A Salafi funeral site in Linxia, China

In legal matters, Salafi Muslims are divided between those who, in the name of independent legal judgement (ijtihad), reject strict adherence (taqlid) to the four Sunni schools of law (madhahib) and those who remain faithful to them, namely, the Saudi scholars, who do not follow any specific madhhab.

1926), an Egyptian scholar based in Qatar.

Saint Stephen, first martyr of Christianity, painted in 1506 by Marx Reichlich (1460–1520)
(Pinakothek of Munich)

Stoning

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Method of capital punishment where a group throws stones at a person until the subject dies from blunt trauma.

Method of capital punishment where a group throws stones at a person until the subject dies from blunt trauma.

Saint Stephen, first martyr of Christianity, painted in 1506 by Marx Reichlich (1460–1520)
(Pinakothek of Munich)
Virasundra is stoned to death on the order of Rajasinha II of Kandy (Sri Lanka, c. 1672)
Jesus and the woman taken in adultery by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld, 1860, where Jesus said that the man who was without sin should throw the first stone.
The Sabbath-breaker Stoned. Artistic impression of episode narrated in Numbers 15. James Tissot c.1900
The Punishment of Korah and the Stoning of Moses and Aaron (1480–1482), by Sandro Botticelli, Sistine Chapel, Rome.
The Stoning of an Adulteress, illustration to a manuscript of 1001 Nights by Abu'l Hasan Ghaffari or his atelier. Tehran, 1853–1857.
Stoning of the Devil, 2006 Hajj
A map showing countries where public stoning is a judicial or extrajudicial form of punishment, as of 2013.
The stoning of Saint Stephen (1863) by Gabriel-Jules Thomas

In recent times, stoning has been a legal or customary punishment in Iran, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Yemen, northern Nigeria, Afghanistan, Brunei, and tribal parts of Pakistan, including northwest Kurram Valley and the northwest Khwezai-Baezai region though it is rarely carried out.

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World Bank high-income economy

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Defined by the World Bank as a nation with a gross national income per capita of US$12,696 or more in 2020, calculated using the Atlas method.

Defined by the World Bank as a nation with a gross national income per capita of US$12,696 or more in 2020, calculated using the Atlas method.

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🇶🇦 Qatar (1987–present)

🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia (1987–89, 2003–present)