A report on Quebec diaspora

The Quebec diaspora consists of Quebec immigrants and their descendants dispersed over the North American continent and historically concentrated in the New England region of the United States, Ontario, and the Canadian Prairies.

- Quebec diaspora

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Quebec

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One of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.

One of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.

A depiction of Jacques Cartier by Théophile Hamel, 1844
Three Huron-Wyandot chiefs from Wendake. New France had largely peaceful relations with the Indigenous people, such as their allies the Huron. After the defeat of the Huron by their mutual enemy, the Iroquois, many fled from Ontario to Quebec.
Montcalm leading his troops into battle. Watercolour by Charles William Jefferys.
The Province of Quebec in 1774
The Battle of Saint-Eustache was the final battle of the Lower Canada Rebellion.
George-Étienne Cartier, creator of the Quebec state and premier of Canada East
Maurice Duplessis, premier of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and during the Grande Noirceur
"Maîtres chez nous" was the electoral slogan of the Liberal Party during the 1962 election.
René Lévesque, one of the architects of the Quiet Revolution, and the Premier of Quebec's first modern sovereignist government
Map of Quebec
Michel's falls on Ashuapmushuan River in Saint-Félicien, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean
Köppen climate types of Quebec
Baie-Saint-Paul during winter
The Parliament Building in Quebec City
The seventeen administrative regions of Quebec.
The Édifice Ernest-Cormier is the courthouse for the Quebec Court of Appeal in Montreal
The Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré
Map of aboriginal communities in Quebec, this includes reserves, settlements and northern villages.
The Institut national de la recherche scientifique helps to advance scientific knowledge and to train a new generation of students in various scientific and technological sectors.
Quebec's exports to the international market. The United States is the country which buys the most Québécois exports by far. (2011)
The Beauharnois generating station, operated by Hydro-Québec
A mockup of the Airbus A220 (formerly the Bombardier CSeries), originally developed by Bombardier Aerospace
The Château Frontenac is the most photographed hotel in the world.
In 1969, Héroux-Devtek designed and manufactured the undercarriage of the Apollo Lunar Module.
The ferry N.M. Camille-Marcoux, of the Société des traversiers du Québec
The show Dralion, Cirque du Soleil, introduced in 2004
La chasse-galerie (1906) by Henri Julien, showing a scene from a popular Quebec folk legend.
La Cavalière by Charles Daudelin, 1963, installed in front of the pavilion Gérard Morisset of the Quebec National Museum of Fine Arts in Quebec City
Maison Routhier in Sainte-Foy. This kind of Canadien-style house remains a symbol of Canadien nationalism.
A classic poutine from La Banquise in Montreal
The Montreal Canadiens at the Bell Centre
St-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations at Maisonneuve park in Montréal
The Fleurdelisé flying at Place d'Armes in Montreal
Canada in the 18th century.
The Province of Quebec from 1763 to 1783.
Lower Canada from 1791 to 1841. (Patriots' War in 1837, Canada East in 1841)
Quebec from 1867 to 1927.
Quebec today. Quebec (in blue) has a border dispute with Labrador (in red).
Different forest areas of Quebec. 1. Middle Arctic Tundra
2. Low Arctic Tundra
3. Torngat Mountain Tundra
4. Eastern Canadian Shield Taiga
5. Southern Hudson Bay Taiga
6. Central Canadian Shield Forests
7. Eastern Canadian Forests
8. Eastern Forest/Boreal Transition
9. Eastern Great Lakes Lowland Forests
10. New England/Acadian Forests
11. Gulf of St. Lawrence Lowland Forests

This phenomenon is known as the Grande Hémorragie and greatly threatened the survival of the Canadien nation.

Voyageurs Passing a Waterfall by Frances Anne Hopkins

French Canadians

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Ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada beginning in the 17th century.

Ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada beginning in the 17th century.

Voyageurs Passing a Waterfall by Frances Anne Hopkins
Habitants by Cornelius Krieghoff (1852)
Languages in Quebec
Université de Saint-Boniface in Manitoba
Major ethnicities in Canada
Distribution of French Americans in the United States
Distribution of the proportion of French Canadian across Canada.
Distribution of French in the United States
The fleur-de-lis, symbol of French Canada
Quebec stop sign
Québécois
Acadians
Franco-Albertans
Fransaskois
Franco-Columbians
Franco-Manitobans
Franco-Ontarians
Franco-Yukonnais
Franco-Nunavois
Franco-Ténois
Franco-Terreneuviens

Between 1840 and 1930, many French Canadians immigrated to New England, an event known as the Grande Hémorragie.

French Americans

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French Americans or Franco-Americans (Franco-Américains), are citizens or nationals of the United States who identify themselves with having full or partial French or French-Canadian heritage, ethnicity and/or ancestral ties.

French Americans or Franco-Americans (Franco-Américains), are citizens or nationals of the United States who identify themselves with having full or partial French or French-Canadian heritage, ethnicity and/or ancestral ties.

Map of New France about 1750 in North America
The Marquis de Lafayette, known as “The Hero of the Two Worlds” for his accomplishments in the service of the United States in the American War of Independence.
The Statue of Liberty is a gift from the French people in memory of the American Declaration of Independence.
Distribution of Franco Americans according to the 2000 census
Creole girls, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, 1935
St. Philip Street at Royal Street, French Quarter, New Orleans

A vital segment of Franco-American history involves the Quebec diaspora of the 1840s–1930s, in which nearly one million French Canadians moved to the United States, mainly relocating to New England mill towns, fleeing economic downturn in Québec and seeking manufacturing jobs in the United States.

Vermont

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State in the New England region of the United States.

State in the New England region of the United States.

The Old Constitution House at Windsor, where the Constitution of Vermont was adopted on July 8, 1777
A circa 1775 flag used by the Green Mountain Boys
The gold leaf dome of the neoclassical Vermont State House (Capitol) in Montpelier
1791 Act of Congress admitting Vermont into the Union
Vermont in 1827. The county boundaries have since changed.
Map of Vermont showing cities, roads, and rivers
Population density of Vermont
Mount Mansfield
Western face of Camel's Hump Mountain (elevation 4079 ft).
Fall foliage at Lake Willoughby
Köppen climate types of Vermont, using 1991–2020 climate normals.
Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy of Vermont
The hermit thrush, the state bird of Vermont
A proportional representation of Vermont exports, 2020
Fall foliage seen from Hogback Mountain, Wilmington
Lake Champlain
Autumn in Vermont
Stowe Resort Village
The Lyndon Institute, a high school in Lyndon, Vermont
The University of Vermont
Old Mill, the oldest building of the university
Vermont welcome sign in Addison on Route 17 just over the New York border over the Champlain Bridge
Amtrak station in White River Junction
The Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, in Vernon
The Vermont Supreme Court's building in Montpelier
Vermont towns hold a March town meeting for voters to approve the town's budget and decide other matters. Marlboro voters meet in this building.
Senators Bernie Sanders and Patrick Leahy and Representative Peter Welch greet supporters in 2017.
Vermontasaurus sculpture in Post Mills, in 2010

Beginning in the mid-19th century, Vermont industries attracted numerous Irish, Scots-Irish and Italian immigrants, adding to its residents of mostly English and some French-Canadian ancestry.

Distribution of French Americans according to the 2000 census

Little Canada (term)

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Name for any of the various communities where French Canadians congregated upon emigrating to the United States, in particular New England, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Name for any of the various communities where French Canadians congregated upon emigrating to the United States, in particular New England, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Distribution of French Americans according to the 2000 census

Approximately 900,000 French-Canadians emigrated to the United States in the period of 1840-1930 as part of the Quebec diaspora.

Gravel in 1977

Mike Gravel

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American politician who served as a United States Senator from Alaska from 1969 to 1981 as a member of the Democratic Party, and who, in later life, twice ran for the presidential nomination of that party.

American politician who served as a United States Senator from Alaska from 1969 to 1981 as a member of the Democratic Party, and who, in later life, twice ran for the presidential nomination of that party.

Gravel in 1977
Gravel opened a small ground-floor real estate office on the north side (left) of Third Avenue in downtown Anchorage (center), opposite the Anchorage Westward (now Hilton Anchorage) Hotel (right). The Chugach Mountains are in the distance.
The chambers of the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Alaska State Capitol.
Gravel (second from left) watches President Richard Nixon sign the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act in 1973
Senator Gravel in 1973
Mike and Whitney Gravel with their dog Ginger
Mike Gravel at the launch of his presidential campaign in April 2006
Gravel (far left) at an August 2007 candidates' forum; frontrunners Edwards, Clinton, and Obama are to the immediate right of the moderator
Gravel's fundraising efforts for the first three quarters of 2007
Gravel in Manchester, New Hampshire on January 6, 2008, two days before the state's Democratic primary
Gravel (second from left) participating in a candidates debate at the 2008 Libertarian Party National Convention (eventual winner Barr is left of him)
Gravel speaking about the National Initiative at Ball State University in February 2010
Mike Gravel during an interview in 2019
Mike Gravel with campaign finance reform activist and friend Ethel "Granny D" Haddock

His parents were part of the Quebec diaspora, and he was raised in a working-class neighborhood during the Great Depression, speaking only French until he was seven years old.

William and Ariel Durant (1930)

Will Durant

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American writer, historian, and philosopher.

American writer, historian, and philosopher.

William and Ariel Durant (1930)
The Modern School in New York City, circa 1911–12. Will Durant stands with his pupils. This image was used on the cover of the first Modern School magazine.
The 11 volumes of The Story of Civilization
A copy of the Durant Declaration of INTERdependence

Durant was born in North Adams, Massachusetts, to French-Canadian Catholic parents Joseph Durant and Mary Allard, who had been part of the Quebec emigration to the United States.