Republic of Ireland

The Irish Parliamentary Party was formed in 1882 by Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–1891).

In 1922 a new parliament called the Oireachtas was established, of which Dáil Éireann became the lower house.

In 1973 Ireland joined the European Economic Community along with the United Kingdom and Denmark. The country signed the Lisbon Treaty in 2007.

The Cliffs of Moher on the Atlantic coast

MacGillycuddy's Reeks, mountain range in County Kerry includes the highest peaks in Ireland.

The Four Courts, completed in 1802, is the principal building for civil courts.

The Criminal Courts of Justice is the principal building for criminal courts.

Soldiers of the Irish Army on Easter Rising centenary parade

Ireland is part of the EU (dark blue & light blue) and Eurozone (dark blue).

A proportional representation of Ireland exports, 2019

The International Financial Services Centre in Dublin

InterCity Mark IV train at Heuston station

Percentage of population speaking Irish daily (outside the education system) in the 2011 census

RCSI Disease and Research Centre at Beaumont Hospital in Dublin

University College Cork was founded in 1845 and is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland.

The longroom at the Trinity College Library

St Mary's Pro-Cathedral is the seat of the Catholic Church in Dublin.

St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, is the national Cathedral of the Church of Ireland.

The ruins of Monasterboice in County Louth are of early Christian settlements.

The Dublin Custom House is a neoclassical building from the late 18th century.

Brick architecture of multi-storey buildings in Dame Street in Dublin

Capital Dock in Dublin is the tallest building in the Republic of Ireland.

Croke Park stadium is the headquarters of the Gaelic Athletic Association.

The seal of the President of Ireland, incorporating a harp

Country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

- Republic of Ireland

500 related topics

United Kingdom

Sovereign country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland.

Stonehenge in Wiltshire is a ring of stones, each about 13 ft high, 7 ft wide and 25 tonnes, erected 2400–2200 BC.

The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.

The Treaty of Union led to a united kingdom of all of Great Britain.

At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, a British-led coalition under the Duke of Wellington, supported by von Blücher's Prussian army, defeated the French, ending the Napoleonic Wars.

Infantry of the Royal Irish Rifles during the Battle of the Somme. More than 885,000 British soldiers died on the battlefields of the First World War.

Territories once part of the British Empire, with the United Kingdom and its current Overseas Dependencies and Crown Dependencies underlined in red

Leaders of EU states in 2007. The UK entered the EEC in 1973. In a 1975 referendum 67% voted to stay in it; in 2016 52% voted to leave the EU.

The United Kingdom showing hilly regions to north and west

The Palace of Westminster, seat of both houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom

Organisational chart of the UK political system

The Scottish Parliament Building in Holyrood is the seat of the Scottish Parliament.

The British-Irish Council comprises the UK Government, the Irish Government and the governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The Royal Courts of Justice of England and Wales

The High Court of Justiciary, the supreme criminal court of Scotland

and, a pair of Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy

British soldier firing during an exercise.

The Bank of England, the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based

The Mini Electric is manufactured in the UK.

Engines and wings for the Airbus A380 are manufactured in the UK.

A Watt steam engine, which was fundamental in driving the Industrial Revolution

London St Pancras International is one of London's main domestic and international transport hubs, providing commuter and high-speed rail services across the UK and to Paris, Lille and Brussels.

Energy mix of the United Kingdom over time

Wind turbines overlooking Ardrossan, Scotland. The UK is one of the best sites in Europe for wind energy, and wind power production is its fastest-growing supply.

Map of population density in the UK as at the 2011 census

Percentage of the population not white according to the 2011 census

Estimated foreign-born population by country of birth from April 2007 to March 2008

Estimated number of British citizens living overseas by country in 2006

Christ Church, Oxford, is part of the University of Oxford, which traces its foundations back to c. 1096.

King's College (right) and Clare College (left), both part of the University of Cambridge, which was founded in 1209

The Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, an NHS Scotland specialist children's hospital

The Chandos portrait, believed to depict William Shakespeare

A photograph of Victorian-era novelist Charles Dickens

The Beatles are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in popular music, selling over a billion records.

J. M. W. Turner self-portrait, oil on canvas, c. 1799

Alfred Hitchcock has been ranked as one of the greatest and most influential British filmmakers of all time.

The Art Deco facade of Broadcasting House in London, headquarters of the BBC, the oldest and largest broadcaster in the world

Wembley Stadium, London, home of the England national football team, is the fifth most expensive stadium ever built.

The Millennium Stadium of Cardiff opened for the 1999 Rugby World Cup.

Wimbledon, the oldest Grand Slam tennis tournament, is held in Wimbledon, London every June and July.

St Andrews, Scotland, the home of golf. The standard 18 hole golf course was created at St Andrews in 1764.

The Statue of Britannia in Plymouth. Britannia is a national personification of the UK.

Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea.

Constitution of Ireland

3d denomination of the Irish Constitution postage stamp issue

The Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann, ) is the fundamental law of Ireland.

Irish Sea

Extensive body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.

From the pier at Dún Laoghaire
a suburban seaside town in County Dublin, Ireland

Barrow Offshore windfarm, off Walney Island

On its shoreline are Scotland to the north, England to the east, Wales to the southeast, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland to the west.

Unitary state

[[File:Map of unitary and federal states.svg|thumb|upright=1.7|

The pathway of regional integration or separation

Examples are Romania, Ireland and Norway.

Celtic Sea

Area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded to the east by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany.

The name was first proposed by E. W. L. Holt at a 1921 meeting in Dublin of fisheries experts from Great Britain, France, and Ireland.

Government of Ireland

The Government of Ireland (Rialtas na hÉireann) is the cabinet that exercises executive authority in Ireland.

The Troubles

Ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998.

A "peace line" in Belfast, 2010, built to separate nationalist and unionist neighbourhoods

The Battle of the Boyne (12 July 1690) by Jan van Huchtenburg

The Ulster Covenant was issued in protest against the Third Home Rule Bill in September 1912.

The Proclamation of the Irish Republic was issued during the Easter Rising of April 1916.

Irish Boundary Commission final report map (1925) – religious distribution. The green areas signify catholic majority areas, the red areas signify non-catholic majority areas.

Sir James Craig, 1st Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, who said, "All I boast is that we are a Protestant Parliament and Protestant State".

A monument to Northern Ireland's first civil rights march

Loyalist banner and graffiti on a building in the Shankill area of Belfast, 1970

The Irish National Liberation Army began operations in the mid 1970s.

Republican mural in Belfast commemorating the hunger strikes of 1981

Grand Brighton Hotel after the IRA bomb attack in October 1984

Police officers looking at a burned van used by the IRA in the 1991 mortar attack on 10 Downing Street

The destruction caused by the Docklands bombing in London, 1996

A republican mural in Belfast during the mid-1990s bidding "safe home" (Slán Abhaile) to British troops. Security normalisation was one of the key points of the Good Friday Agreement.

A republican mural in Belfast with the slogan "Collusion is not an illusion"

Orangemen marching in Bangor on the Twelfth of July 2010

A watchtower at a heavily fortified RUC base in Crossmaglen

A "peace line" at the back of a house on Bombay Street, Belfast

Responsibility for Troubles-related deaths between 1969 and 2001

Although the Troubles mostly took place in Northern Ireland, at times violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England and mainland Europe.

Central Bank of Ireland

The main entrance to the Central Bank of Ireland's former head office on Dame Street

In 2016, former Irish Finance Minister Michael Noonan, told an Irish MEP to "put on the green jersey" when told of a new Irish corporate BEPS tax tool to replace the prohibited “Double Irish" tool.

Apple's Q1 2015 Irish "quasi-inversion" of its $300 billion international IP is the largest recorded individual BEPS action in history, and almost double the 2016 blocked $160 billion Pfizer–Allergan Irish corporate inversion.
Brad Setser & Cole Frank
(Council on Foreign Relations)

Dominance of U.S. companies: Irish corporate Gross Operating Surplus (i.e. profits), by the controlling country of the company (note: a material part of the Irish figure is also from U.S. tax inversions who are U.S.–controlled). Eurostat (2015).

Comparison of the sales price as multiple of the cost of build, for a prime office in Dublin, with other eurozone countries (2016).

Comparison of the sales price of Dublin prime office with other EU–28 countries (2016)

The Central Bank of Ireland (Banc Ceannais na hÉireann) is Ireland's central bank, and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB).

Countries of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK), since 1922, comprises four constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales (which collectively make up Great Britain), as well as Northern Ireland (variously described as a country, province or region).

Northern Ireland also forms joint All-Island sporting bodies with the Republic of Ireland for some sports, including rugby union.

Dublin

Dublin Castle, with its 13th-century tower, was the fortified seat of British rule in Ireland until 1922.

Dubline, 1610; a contemporary map by John Speed (1896 reprint)

Henrietta Street, developed in the 1720s, is the earliest Georgian street in Dublin.

The GPO on O'Connell Street was at the centre of the 1916 Easter Rising.

Damage in Dublin city centre following the 1916 Easter Rising with the ruins of the GPO to the left

Leinster House on Kildare Street houses the Oireachtas.

Satellite image showing the River Liffey entering the Irish Sea as it divides Dublin into the Northside and the Southside

Spire of Dublin rises behind the statue of Jim Larkin

Mosaic of the coat of arms of Dublin on the floor of City Hall

Dublin (, or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland.